A widely used indicator for cultural class is strongly related to a lower body mass index (BMI): cultural capital measured as ‘highbrow' taste. This study’s objective was to theorise and measure aspects of cultural class that are more plausibly linked to low BMI, and subsequently explore their relevance. Building on Bourdieusian theory we derive four of those aspects: ‘refinement’ (valuing form and appearance over function and substance), ‘asceticism’ (self-imposed constraints), ‘diversity’ (appreciation of variety in and of itself) and ‘reflexivity’ (reflexive deliberation and internal dialogue). Using standardised interviews with 597 participants in the Dutch GLOBE study in 2016, we subsequently demonstrate: (i) newly developed survey items can reliably measure four aspects of cultural class: ‘asceticism’, ‘general refinement’, ‘food refinement’ and ‘reflexivity’ (Cronbach’s alphas between 0.67–0.77); (ii) embodied/objectified cultural capital (i.e. ‘highbrow’ taste) was positively associated with general refinement, food refinement and reflexivity, whereas institutionalised cultural capital (i.e. education) was positively associated with asceticism and reflexivity; (iii) asceticism, general refinement, reflexivity, but not food refinement, were associated with a lower BMI; (iv) asceticism, general refinement and reflexivity together accounted for 52% of the association between embodied/objectified cultural capital and BMI, and 38% of the association between institutionalised cultural capital and BMI. 相似文献
Accurate prediction of the impact of genomic variation on phenotype is a major goal of computational biology and an important contributor to personalized medicine. Computational predictions can lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying genetic diseases, including cancer, but their adoption requires thorough and unbiased assessment. Cystathionine‐beta‐synthase (CBS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the transsulfuration pathway, from homocysteine to cystathionine, and in which variations are associated with human hyperhomocysteinemia and homocystinuria. We have created a computational challenge under the CAGI framework to evaluate how well different methods can predict the phenotypic effect(s) of CBS single amino acid substitutions using a blinded experimental data set. CAGI participants were asked to predict yeast growth based on the identity of the mutations. The performance of the methods was evaluated using several metrics. The CBS challenge highlighted the difficulty of predicting the phenotype of an ex vivo system in a model organism when classification models were trained on human disease data. We also discuss the variations in difficulty of prediction for known benign and deleterious variants, as well as identify methodological and experimental constraints with lessons to be learned for future challenges. 相似文献
Introduction: Due to its close connection with the renal system, urine is considered a valuable source of information in kidney disease research. Peptidomics methods focus on the discovery of endogenous peptides, given their wide range of biological functions and diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Representing a non-invasive and sensitive method, technological prospects of urinary peptidomics should be evaluated in the context of drug discovery and research.
Areas covered: This review describes urinary peptidomics with focus on its application in drug research in the field of kidney diseases. The authors provide an overview of current achievements and potential future applications.
Expert opinion: The urinary peptidome is a dynamically changing source of information, able to reflect sudden and long-term changes affecting the renal system. Studies utilizing urinary peptidomics techniques have demonstrated their value in patient stratification and detection of early pathological changes in kidney disease. Serving as a liquid biopsy, urinary peptides are an invaluable tool for drug response monitoring. Nevertheless, peptidomics is largely underexplored in drug research in general, as evidenced by the scarce number of scientific publications on this topic. Further progress will be driven by the successful validation of current discoveries and continued efforts to improve the translation of results into therapeutic applications. 相似文献
Daytime sleepiness is highly prevalent in the general adult population and has been linked to an increased risk of workplace and vehicle accidents, lower professional performance and poorer health. Despite the established relationship between noise and daytime sleepiness, little research has explored the individual-level spatial distribution of noise-related sleep disturbances. We assessed the spatial dependence of daytime sleepiness and tested whether clusters of individuals exhibiting higher daytime sleepiness were characterized by higher nocturnal noise levels than other clusters.
Design and Methods
Population-based cross-sectional study, in the city of Lausanne, Switzerland.Sleepiness was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for 3697 georeferenced individuals from the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus cohort (period?=?2009–2012). We used the sonBASE georeferenced database produced by the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment to characterize nighttime road traffic noise exposure throughout the city. We used the GeoDa software program to calculate the Getis-Ord Gi* statistics for unadjusted and adjusted ESS in order to detect spatial clusters of high and low ESS values. Modeled nighttime noise exposure from road and rail traffic was compared across ESS clusters.
Results
Daytime sleepiness was not randomly distributed and showed a significant spatial dependence. The median nighttime traffic noise exposure was significantly different across the three ESS Getis cluster classes (p?<?0.001). The mean nighttime noise exposure in the high ESS cluster class was 47.6, dB(A) 5.2?dB(A) higher than in low clusters (p?<?0.001) and 2.1?dB(A) higher than in the neutral class (p?<?0.001). These associations were independent of major potential confounders including body mass index and neighborhood income level.
Conclusions
Clusters of higher daytime sleepiness in adults are associated with higher median nighttime noise levels. The identification of these clusters can guide tailored public health interventions. 相似文献
The importance of culture for food consumption is widely acknowledged, as well as the fact that culture-based resources (“cultural capital”) differ between educational groups. Since current explanations for educational inequalities in healthy and unhealthy food consumption (e.g. economic capital, social capital) are unable to fully explain this gradient, we aim to investigate a new explanation for educational inequalities in healthy food consumption, i.e. the role of cultural capital.
Methods
Data were obtained cross-sectionally by a postal survey among participants of the GLOBE study in the Netherlands in 2011 (N?=?2953; response 67.1%). The survey measured respondents’ highest attained educational level, food-related cultural capital (institutionalised, objectivised and incorporated cultural capital), economic capital (e.g. home ownership, financial strain), social capital (e.g. social support, health-related social leverage, interpersonal relationships), and frequency of consumption of healthy and unhealthy food products. Two general outcomes (overall healthy food consumption, and overall unhealthy food consumption), and seven specific food consumption outcomes were constructed, and prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated in Poisson regression models with robust variance.
Results
Cultural capital was significantly associated with all food outcomes, also when social and economic capital were taken into account. Those with low levels of cultural capital were more likely to have a lower overall healthy food consumption (PR 1.35, 95% CI 1.22–1.49), a lower consumption of whole wheat bread (PR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.38), vegetables (PR 1.55, 95% CI 1.40–1.71), and meat-substitutes and fish (PR 1.74, 95% CI 1.53–1.97), and a higher consumption of fried food (PR 1.59, 95% CI 1.31–1.93). Social capital was positively associated with overall healthy food consumption, whole wheat bread consumption, and the consumption of fish and meat-substitutes, and economic capital with none of the outcomes. The PR of the lowest educational group to have a low overall healthy food consumption decreased from 1.48 (95% CI 1.28–1.73) to 1.22 (95% CI 1.04–1.43) when cultural, social and economic capital were taken into account.
Conclusions
Cultural capital contributed to the explanation of educational inequalities in food consumption in The Netherlands, over and above economic and social capital. The socialisation processes through which cultural capital is acquired could offer new entry-points for the promotion of healthy food consumption among low educational groups.