Aging might increase myocardial ischemia / reperfusion-induced apoptosis in humans and rats

Previous studies indicated aging results in the significant cardiac function decreasing and myocardial apoptosis increasing in normal humans or rats. Additionally, animal experiments demonstrated aging increased myocardial ischemia / reperfusion (MI/R)-induced apoptosis. However, whether more myocardial apoptosis happen in the old acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients is unclear. Reperfusion injury-induced apoptosis is an important cause of heart failure. This study determined the effect of aging upon myocardial apoptosis and cardiac function in patients suffering AMI. All enrolled AMI patients received percutaneous coronary intervention therapy. Volunteers and AMI patients were assigned to four groups: adult (age <65, n = 24) volunteers, elderly (age ≥65, n = 21) volunteers, adult (age <65, n = 29) AMI patients, and elderly (age ≥65, n = 36) AMI patients. Blood samples were obtained from all study participants. Plasma apoptotic markers (soluble form of Fas, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6) levels were determined. Cardiac function was evaluated with echocardiogram and Killip class. Due to lack of a direct apoptotic assay method in live human subjects, an additional animal experiment was performed. Both young (2 months) and old (24 months) rats were subjected to 30-min myocardial ischemia and 3 (for TUNEL/caspase activity apoptotic assay) or 24-h (for cardiac function determination) reperfusion. Compared to adult patients, the elderly patients manifested decreased cardiac function and increased plasma apoptotic marker levels significantly. The animal experiment results (cardiac function and plasma apoptotic markers assays) were consistent with the human result data. Animal TUNEL staining and caspase activity measurement revealed a higher myocardial apoptotic ratio in the older rat group. Aging exacerbated MI/R injury in humans and rats. Differential myocardial apoptosis may play a vital role in mediating the observed effects.     

冠心病患者血清CRP的浓度及PCI术后的变化

目的探讨C反应蛋白（CRP）升高在冠心病（CHD）患者中的临床意义。方法用ELISA法测定经冠状动脉造影确诊并接受PCI治疗的冠心病患者68例，包括急性冠脉综合征（ACS）45例和稳定型心绞痛（SAP）23例，以及冠脉造影排除冠心病的患者30例的血清CRP浓度。结果ACS组CRP浓度显著高于SAP组及对照组（P〈0．01），SAP组与对照组之间CRP浓度无显著性差异。冠心病患者PCI术后血清CRP浓度明显高于术前，而仅接受造影未接受PCI的对照组患者，造影前后CRP浓度无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论急性冠脉综合征与炎症反应显著相关。CRP可作为临床ACS患者的监测指标。CRP升高提示冠心病患者病情不稳定，应给予相应的治疗，且在PCI术后应加强对炎症反应的干预。     

The common characteristics and mutual effects of heart failure and atrial fibrillation: initiation,progression, and outcome of the two aging-related heart diseases

Heart Failure Reviews - Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are common chronic diseases noted in humans. AF and HF share several risk factors, such as age, hypertension, obesity,...     

金疮无忧散质控方法研究

应用薄层扫描法测定金疮无忧散中人参皂甙Ｒｇ１的含量，以监控药品质量。     

Aging might augment reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and affect reactive nitrogen species (RNS) level after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in both humans and rats

Previous studies indicate aging results in significantly decreased cardiac function and increased myocardial apoptosis after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) in humans or rats. The underlying mechanisms of aging-exacerbated effects remain unknown. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are known to play vital roles in aging-related MI/R injury. Heretofore, the effects of aging upon ROS and RNS formation were not investigated in humans, which is the focus of the current study. Due to experimental limitations with clinical trials, an additional animal experiment was performed. All enrolled acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapy. AMI patients were assigned into two groups: adult (age <65, n = 34) and elderly (age ≥65, n = 45) AMI patients. Blood samples were obtained from all study participants at 24 h and 3 days post-PCI. Plasma/white blood cell (WBC) ROS and RNS markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, NOx, and nitrotyrosine) were determined. The same markers were determined in rat cardiac tissue after 24 h MI/R. Compared to the adult group, elderly patients manifested increased plasma MDA and MPO and decreased plasma GSH concentrations. No significant differences in plasma NOx or nitrotyrosine concentration existed between adult and elderly patients. Furthermore, WBC iNOS activity in elderly patients was significantly decreased compared to the adult group. The measurement of ROS markers in the rat experiments was consistent and supported human study data. Surprisingly, RNS markers (NOx and nitrotyrosine) in blood and heart tissue increased from young to middle-aged rats but decreased from middle age to old age. Aging augments ROS, which might exacerbate MI/R injury. Additionally, our data support aging-induced changes of RNS levels in humans and rats in vivo.     

内科整体观念的教学查房模式的探讨

目的 改革实习学生内科教学查房模式,缩短由学生变为临床医师的差距.方法 选取2012年10月至2013年10月在某院实习的2个班的76名七年级大学实习生为研究对象,随机分为两组.试验组进行改革后的教学查房,并进行试卷测试、评估.对照组学生按照传统进行教学查房,并进行同样的测试及试卷评估.结果 试验组学生成绩较常规教学查房组显著提高,差异有统计学意义（86.55与78.15,P＜0.01）.结论 实习学生通过主动参与教学查房,可显著提高临床思维、沟通、处理的综合能力.     

UniPron is A Fully Effective Non-hormonal Reversible Contraceptive in Baboon Model(Papio Anubis)

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of UniPron as a reversible contraceptive.Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration.cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used,Gram stain reactions,colony morphology and biochemical tests.Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method,stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues.The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations.For efficacy studies,male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.Results All the five females(100%)that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertitity when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived.At a concentration of 40%,UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system.UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon,the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV,our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model(Papio anubis).     

Ethnobotanical study of anthelmintic and other medicinal plants traditionally used in Loitoktok district of Kenya

Aim of the study

The objective of the study was to investigate and document the utilization of medicinal (with emphasis on anthelmintic) plants by the people of Loitoktok district in Kenya for the management of both animal and human health.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted between May and October 2009. Information was gathered from 23 traditional health practitioners, from across the district, by use of semi-structured questionnaires; transect walks, oral interviews and focus group discussions. Voucher specimens of cited plants were collected and deposited at the botanical herbarium of the University of Nairobi.

Results

A total of 80 medicinal plants cited were collected and identified as belonging to 46 families and 70 genera. The plants identified were 48%, 38%, 7%, 6% and 1% trees, shrubs, herbs, lianas and lichens, respectively. Most of the plants belonged to the families Fabaceae (10%), Euphorbiaceae (6%), Rutaceae (5%) followed by Boraginaceae, Labiateae, Rubiaceae, and Solanaceae at 4% each. However, the six most important families by their medicinal use values in decreasing order were Rhamnaceae, Myrsinaceae, Oleaceae, Liliaceae, Usenaceae and Rutaceae. The ailments treated included respiratory conditions, helminthosis, stomach disorders, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases, infertilities and physical injuries. Helminthosis in both livestock and humans was recognized as a major disease managed by use of medicinal plants (with an informant consensus factor of 0.86) in the study area. The most frequently used plant anthelmintics were Albizia anthelmintica (Fabaceae), Myrsine africana (Myrsinaceae), Rapanea melanophleos (Myrsinaceae), Clausena anisata (Rutaceae) and Olea Africana (Oleaceae) used by 70%, 70%, 26%, 13% and 9% of the respondents, respectively. Other plant anthelmintics used, each by 4% of the respondents, were Rumex usambarensis (Polygonaceae) and Salvadora persica (Salvadoraceae).

Conclusion

It is concluded that traditional health practice in Loitoktok depend largely on naturally growing plants and that the study area has a potential for bio-prospecting of crude drugs from plants due to the large number of medicinal plants cited. There is also need for further studies to validate the plants used in medicinal remedies in this area.     

儿童幽门螺杆菌相关性胃十二指肠疾病的三联治疗临床研究

目的分别用以雷尼替丁和胶体枸橼酸铋为主,另外加两种抗生素的2组低剂量短疗程三联疗法治疗儿童幽门螺杆菌(HP)相关性胃炎,评价不同治疗方案的疗效并探讨根除HP感染与胃炎好转的关系。方法HP相关性胃十二指肠疾病患儿55例,随机分为A、B2组,接受三联治疗。A组用胶体枸橼酸铋6～8mg/(kg·d),每日2次;阿莫西林30mg/(kg·d),每日3次;克拉霉素10～15mg/(kg·d),每日2次。B组用雷尼替丁3～5mg/(kg·d),每日睡前服1次;阿莫西林30mg/(kg·d),每日3次;克拉霉素10～15mg/(kg·d),每日2次。2组均治疗2周停药,停药满4周以上行13C尿素呼气试验及血清抗HPIgG抗体检测。结果治疗后HP根除率A组为63.3%,B组为88%(χ2=4.373,P<0.05)。两组患儿腹痛症状缓解时间A组为(5.1±3.0)d,B组为(4.3±3.5)d(P>0.05)。两组副反应均较轻,如腹泻、腹胀、恶心、纳差等胃肠症状,个别患者出现皮疹,均无肝肾、造血系统副作用,且于停药后均很快缓解,未影响治疗。2组血清抗HPIgG抗体阴转情况:A组1个月为56.7%,3个月73.3%,6个月90.0%,12个月96.7%;B组1个月为88%,3个月96.0%,6个月100.0%。结论儿童HP相关性胃炎经根除HP的治疗,可使胃炎好转。以雷尼替丁为主的联合克拉霉素和阿莫西林组成的三联疗法治疗儿童HP相关性胃十二指肠疾病具有疗程短、疗效高、副反应小和HP根除率高等优点。血清抗HPIgG抗体检测可以作为监测HP根除效果的观测指标。     

抗毒通瘀合剂治疗支原体肺炎大鼠的实验研究

抗毒通瘀合剂可使支原体肺炎大鼠的病情明显减轻，全血低切粘度、全血还原粘度均低于模型组，接近正常水平；谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力显著高于模型组。