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排序方式: 共有116条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Sarah K. Calabrese Valerie A. Earnshaw Manya Magnus Nathan B. Hansen Douglas S. Krakower Kristen Underhill Kenneth H. Mayer Trace S. Kershaw Joseph R. Betancourt John F. Dovidio 《Archives of sexual behavior》2018,47(1):143-156
Sexual stereotypes may adversely affect the health of Black men who have sex with men (MSM). Greater understanding of the nature and nuances of these stereotypes is needed. This online, survey-based study used an inductive, intersectional approach to characterize the sexual stereotypes ascribed to Black MSM by the U.S. general public, their distinctiveness from those ascribed to Black men and MSM in general, and their relative prototypicality as compared to dominant subgroups. Members of the public, recruited in 2014–2015, were randomly assigned to survey conditions that varied systematically by race (Black, White, or unspecified) and sexual orientation (gay, heterosexual, or unspecified) of a designated social group. Participants (n = 285) reported stereotypes of their assigned group that they perceived to exist in U.S. culture in an open-response format. Cross-condition comparisons revealed that, overall, Black gay male stereotypes were non-prototypical of Black men or gay men. Rather, stereotypes of Black men were more similar to Black heterosexual men and stereotypes of gay men were more similar to White gay men. Nonetheless, 11 of the 15 most frequently reported Black gay male stereotypes overlapped with stereotypes of Black men (e.g., large penis), gay men (e.g., deviant), or both (e.g., promiscuous). Four stereotypes were unique relative to both Black men and gay men: down low, diseased, loud, and dirty. Findings suggest that Black MSM face multiple derogatory sexual stereotypes, several of which are group-specific. These stereotypes are consistent with cultural (mis)representations of Black MSM and suggest a need for more accurate portrayals of existing sexual diversity within this group. 相似文献
2.
Sarah K. Calabrese Valerie A. Earnshaw Douglas S. Krakower Kristen Underhill Wilson Vincent Manya Magnus Nathan B. Hansen Trace S. Kershaw Kenneth H. Mayer Joseph R. Betancourt John F. Dovidio 《AIDS and behavior》2018,22(4):1122-1138
Social biases among healthcare providers could limit PrEP access. In this survey study of 115 US medical students, we examined associations between biases (racism and heterosexism) and PrEP clinical decision-making and explored prior PrEP education as a potential buffer. After viewing a vignette about a PrEP-seeking MSM patient, participants reported anticipated patient behavior (condomless sex, extra-relational sex, and adherence), intention to prescribe PrEP to the patient, biases, and background characteristics. Minimal evidence for racism affecting clinical decision-making emerged. In unadjusted analyses, heterosexism indirectly affected prescribing intention via all anticipated behaviors, tested as parallel mediators. Participants expressing greater heterosexism more strongly anticipated increased risk behavior and adherence problems, which were associated with lower prescribing intention. The indirect effect via condomless sex remained significant adjusting for background characteristics. Prior PrEP education did not buffer any indirect effects. Heterosexism may compromise PrEP provision to MSM and should be addressed in PrEP-related medical education. 相似文献
3.
Automated left ventricular capture management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Crossley GH Mead H Kleckner K Sheldon T Davenport L Harsch MR Parikh P Ramza B Fishel R Bailey JR;LVCM Study Investigators 《Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE》2007,30(10):1190-1200
BACKGROUND: The stimulation thresholds of left ventricular (LV) leads tend to be less reliable than conventional leads. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) requires continuous capture of both ventricles. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate a novel algorithm for the automatic measurement of the stimulation threshold of LV leads in cardiac resynchronization systems. METHODS: We enrolled 134 patients from 18 centers who had existing CRT-D systems. Software capable of automatically executing LV threshold measurements was downloaded into the random access memory (RAM) of the device. The threshold was measured by pacing in the left ventricle and analyzing the interventricular conduction sensed in the right ventricle. Automatic LV threshold measurements were collected and compared with manual LV threshold tests at each follow-up visit and using a Holter monitor system that recorded both the surface electrocardiograph (ECG) and continuous telemetry from the device. RESULTS: The proportion of Left Ventricular Capture Management (LVCM) in-office threshold tests within one programming step of the manual threshold test was 99.7% (306/307) with a two-sided 95% confidence interval of (98.2%, 100.0%). The algorithm measured the threshold successfully in 96% and 97% of patients after 1 and 3 months respectively. Holter monitor analysis in a subset of patients revealed accurate performance of the algorithm. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the LVCM algorithm is safe, accurate, and highly reliable. LVCM worked with different types of leads and different lead locations. LVCM was demonstrated to be clinically equivalent to the manual LV threshold test. LVCM offers automatic measurement, output adaptation, and trends of the LV threshold and should result in improved ability to maintain LV capture without sacrificing device longevity. 相似文献
4.
Context
Early bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) provides an essential bridge to successful defibrillation from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and there is a need to increase the prevalence and quality of bystander CPR. Emergency medical dispatchers can give CPR instructions to a bystander calling for an ambulance enabling even an inexperienced bystander to start CPR. The impact of these instructions has not been evaluated.Objectives
To determine if, in adult and pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the provision of dispatch CPR instructions as opposed to no instructions improves outcome.Methods
Two independent reviewers used standardized forms and procedures to review papers published between January, 1985 and December, 2009. Findings were peer-reviewed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.Data synthesis
We identified 665 citations; five met the inclusion criteria. One retrospective cohort study reported improved survival with dispatch CPR instructions than without it. Three studies, two observational and one with retrospective controls showed trends toward increased survival after dispatcher-assisted CPR was implemented and one showed trend toward decreased survival. There were no randomised studies addressing the topic. No studies addressing dispatch CPR instructions in the pediatric population were found.Conclusion
There is limited evidence supporting the survival benefit of dispatch-assisted CPR instructions. All studies comparing survival outcomes when CPR is provided with or without the assistance of dispatch-assisted CPR instructions lack the statistical power to draw significant conclusions. Since it has been demonstrated that such instructions can improve bystander CPR rates, it is reasonable to recommend they should be provided to all callers reporting a victim in cardiac arrest. 相似文献5.
Calabrese Sarah K. Kalwicz David A. Modrakovic Djordje Earnshaw Valerie A. Edelman E. Jennifer Bunting Samuel R. del Río-González Ana María Magnus Manya Mayer Kenneth H. Hansen Nathan B. Kershaw Trace S. Rosenberger Joshua G. Krakower Douglas S. Dovidio John F. 《AIDS and behavior》2022,26(5):1393-1421
AIDS and Behavior - Social biases may influence providers’ judgments related to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and patients’ consequent PrEP access. US primary and HIV care providers... 相似文献
6.
Challenges in conducting research on sexual violence and HIV and approaches to overcome them 下载免费PDF全文
Annette Aldous Manya Magnus Afsoon Roberts Heather DeVore Theresa Moriarty Catherine Hatch Schultz Maria Zumer Gary Simon Mimi Ghosh 《American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)》2017,78(1)
Studies have implicated sexual violence as a strong correlate of HIV acquisition in women. Characterizing how such violence affects the female immune system may provide insight into the biological mechanisms of HIV transmission and ultimately improve global HIV prevention strategies. Little research has been carried out in this domain, and the obstacles to investigation can be daunting. Here, we describe methodological challenges encountered and solutions explored while implementing a study of dysregulation of immune biomarkers potentially indicative of increased HIV susceptibility in women following sexual assault. Challenges included accessing sexual assault survivors and defining sexual assault, promoting study participant well‐being during research engagement, reducing selection and information bias, collecting and processing biological samples, and adjusting for confounders such as reproductive tract infections and emotional and physical abuse. We found that many survivors of sexual assault welcomed the attention from study staff and felt empowered by the opportunity to help other women at risk for violence. Well‐trained research staff and well‐articulated community and medical partnerships were key methods to overcoming challenges while promoting the safety and welfare of vulnerable study participants. 相似文献
7.
8.
Hayley M. Vasileff Lauren E. Whitten Jennifer A. Pink Sharon J. Goldsworthy Manya T. Angley 《Pharmacy World & Science》2009,31(3):373-379
Objective To determine the frequency and clinical significance of medication errors when (a) pharmacists elicit medication histories
in the Emergency Department after medications have been prescribed by doctors and (b) pharmacists obtain and chart medication
histories prior to doctors’ approval. Setting The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, a 350 bed South Australian teaching hospital, serving the local adult community. Method Emergency Department patients at risk of medication misadventure were recruited in two phases with a ‘usual practice’ arm
(6 weeks) and a ‘pharmacist medication charting’ arm (5 weeks) reflecting an alternative intervention. In the ‘usual care’
arm, medication histories were compiled by a pharmacy researcher after a doctor had completed the medication chart. The researcher-elicited
medication histories were compared with the doctors’ medication charts and unintentional discrepancies were recorded. In the
‘pharmacist medication charting’ arm, the same process was followed except the researcher compiled the patients’ medication
histories at triage, prior to patients seeing a doctor. The medication history was then transcribed onto a medication chart
for authorisation by a doctor. In addition, whether resolution of unintentional discrepancies for patients in the ‘usual care’
arm had occurred by discharge was determined by examining patients’ medical records. Main outcome measure Frequency of unintentional discrepancies and medication errors. Results The study included 45 and 29 patients in the ‘usual care’ and intervention arms, respectively. In the ‘usual care’ arm, 75.6%
of patients had one or more unintentional discrepancies compared with 3.3% in the ‘pharmacist medication charting’ arm. This
resulted in an average of 2.35 missed doses per patient in the ‘usual care’ arm and 0.24 in the intervention arm. In addition,
an average of 1.04 incorrect doses per patient were administered in the ‘usual care’ arm and none in the ‘pharmacist medication
charting’ arm. The differences observed between the arms were statistically significant (P < 0.05) and deemed clinically significant by a multidisciplinary panel. Conclusion This study provides evidence for pharmacists eliciting medication histories to prepare medication charts at the earliest
possible opportunity following a patient’s presentation to the Emergency Department 相似文献
9.
Gregory Phillips II Manya Magnus Irene Kuo Anthony Rawls James Peterson Luz Montanez Tiffany West-Ojo Yujiang Jia Jenevieve Opoku Alan E. Greenberg 《Archives of sexual behavior》2014,43(4):771-778
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been reported to be disproportionately higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) than among heterosexual men; it has also been found to be significantly positively associated with HIV status and HIV risk factors, including unprotected anal intercourse. The purpose of this study was to assess the correlates of CSA in a sample of community-recruited MSM, investigate race as a potential effect modifier, and describe the independent association between CSA and HIV infection in Washington, DC. A total of 500 MSM were recruited by venue-based sampling in 2008 as part of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance. More than one-half of MSM identified as White, while one-third identified as Black. CSA was reported by 17.5 % of the 451 MSM, with the first instance of abuse occurring at a median age of 8.3 (interquartile range = 5.0, 11.0). In multivariable analysis, HIV-positive men were significantly more likely to report a history of CSA compared to HIV-negative men after adjusting for intimate partner violence in the last 12 months, having been arrested in the last 12 months, and depressive symptoms. HIV-positive MSM had more than four times the odds of reporting CSA after controlling for other correlates (aOR = 4.19; 95 % CI 2.26, 7.75). Despite hypothesizing that race modified the effect of CSA on HIV infection we found this was not the case in this sample. More research is needed to investigate the potential pathway between a history of CSA and HIV infection, and how this contributes to driving the HIV epidemic among MSM in Washington, DC. 相似文献
10.
Gregory Phillips II Manya Magnus Irene Kuo Anthony Rawls James Peterson Yujiang Jia Jenevieve Opoku Alan E. Greenberg 《AIDS and behavior》2014,18(9):1630-1637
Current advances have added geosocial networking (GSN) mobile phone applications as an option for men who have sex with men (MSM) to meet other men. This is the first study to assess GSN application use and sex-seeking behaviors of MSM recruited using venue-based sampling. Among the 379 MSM in this study, 63.6 % reported using GSN applications to find men in the past year. Nearly one-quarter of MSM had sex with a man met using a GSN application in the prior year; these men were more likely to be under 35 years old and have had sex with a man met on the Internet; they were also less likely to be HIV-positive and have <5 male sex partners in the last year. GSN applications are a viable option for use in sampling and delivering interventions to young MSM who are often missed through other methods. 相似文献