普通型间质性肺炎和非特异性间质性肺炎肺组织中不同细胞因子的表达及其意义

目的　研究转化生长因子 (TGF) β1、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (b FGF)、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)、白细胞介素 13(IL 13)、γ干扰素 (IFN γ)在普通型间质性肺炎 (UIP)和非特异性间质性肺炎(NSIP)肺组织中的分布、表达及意义。方法　经胸腔镜或开胸肺活检获取 5例UIP和 8例NSIP患者的肺组织。对照组 5例 ,来自手术切除的远离肺癌原发灶的周边肺组织。用免疫组化法半定量分析细胞因子的分布及表达。结果　TGF β1、IL 8、b FGF主要分布在肺泡上皮细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞、细支气管上皮细胞 ,UIP组表达强于NSIP组和对照组。IL 13主要分布在肺泡上皮细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞、间质单个核细胞 ,UIP、NSIP组表达无明显差异 ,但均强于对照组。IFN γ主要分布在间质单个核细胞 ,NSIP组表达强于UIP组和对照组。UIP组的IL 13/IFN γ比值为 (2 18± 0 76 ) ,NSIP组为(0 95± 0 2 8) ,对照组为 (0 91± 0 16 ) ,3组比较差异均有显著性 (P值均 <0 0 5 ) ,而NSIP组与对照组比较差异无显著性。对照组只有肺泡巨噬细胞表达上述各细胞因子。结论　TGF β1、IL 8、b FGF在UIP和NSIP患者肺组织中表达强度的不同和IL 13/IFN γ的是否平衡可能参与了UIP和NSIP不同的发病过程。     

EpCAM抗体偶联纳米磁珠阳性分离实体瘤外周血循环肿瘤细胞方法的建立

目的 建立EpCAM抗体偶联纳米磁珠阳性分离上皮来源的实体瘤外周血CTC的方法(简称"磁珠分离法"),探讨该方法分离CTC的灵敏度和应用意义.方法 用7.5 ml健康志愿者外周血裂解红细胞分别倍比稀释加入5、10、20、50、100个乳腺癌细胞系MCF7、食管癌细胞系KYSE70、胰腺癌细胞系BxPC-3及胃癌细胞系9811P,通过磁珠分离法富集癌细胞,荧光显微镜下检测体外加入癌细胞的回收率.然后,用磁珠分离法富集未治疗的30例食管癌(Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期6例、Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期24例)、35例乳腺癌(Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期15例、Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期20例)、30例胰腺癌(Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期5例、Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期25例)、33例胃癌患者(Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期13例、Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期20例)和30例慢性胃炎及30名健康志愿者的CTC,同时结合IF和HE染色鉴定各组的CTC.另外,用FISH分别检测分析食管癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、胃癌患者200个CTC中8号和20号染色体拷贝数水平.结果 用4,6-二眯-2苯吲哚(DAPI)染色食管癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、胃癌等4种癌细胞系并加入健康志愿者7.5 ml外周血的组内试验中,荧光显微镜下计数4种癌细胞的组内的平均回收率分别为87%、87%、86%和88%;5种稀释梯度的细胞数在4种癌细胞系的组间的平均回收率分别是88%、85%、87%、88%和87%.在107的外周血白细胞中能富集到1个癌细胞.采用磁珠分离法从食管癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌及胃癌患者中检出≥2个CTC的阳性率分别为50%(15/30)、63%(22/35)、70%(21/30)及61%(20/33),健康志愿者和炎症患者均未检出CTC.食管癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌组分别与健康对照组和炎症组比较,经精确概率法分析,差异均有统计学意义(P值均为0.000).80%的食道癌、75%的乳腺癌、65%的胰腺癌和59%的胃癌患者CTC中均发生8号和20号染色体非整倍体改变.结论 建立的磁珠分离法对富集分离实体瘤外周血CTC具有较好的分选灵敏度和准确性.食道癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌和胃癌患者中的CTC多发生8号和20号染色体非整倍体改变.

Abstract：

Objective To establish an isolation method for solid GTC in peripheral blood using EpCAM antibody-linked nanobeads and evaluate the sensitivity of the method and its application significance. Methods Five, ten, twenty, fifty and one hundred MCF7 (breast cancer), KYSE70 (esophageal cancer), BxPC-3 (pancreatic cancer) and 9811P (stomach cancer) cells were added into 7. 5 ml erythrocyte lysed peripheral blood obtained from healthy volunteers respectively. EpCAM antibodylinked nanobeads were used to enrich cancer cells. The recovery rates of the in vitro added cancer cells were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Then, the untreated thirty cases of esophageal cancer (six cases at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ, twenty-four cases at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ), thirty-five cases of breast cancer (fifteen cases at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ , twenty cases at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ), thirty cases of pancreatic cancer (five cases at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ , twenty-five cases at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ), thirty-three gastric cancer (thirteen cases for stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ ,twenty cases at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ) were enrolled to enrich the peripheral blood CTC. Thirty healthy volunteers and thirty gastritis patients served as two groups of control. Meanwhile the enriched CTC was identified by IF and HE staining. FISH was used to analyze the copy number of chromosome 8 and chromosome 20 in two hundred esophageal cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic caner and gastric cancer CTC. Results After DAPI staining and mixing with 7.5 ml peripheral blood from healthy donors, the average cell recovery rates of KYSE70, MCF7, BxPC-3 and 9811P cells evaluated under fluorescence microscope were 87%, 87%, 86% and 88% (within group), and the recovery rates of 5 gradient dilution levels were 88%, 85%, 87%, 88% and 87% (intergroup). With a high sensitivity, this method was able to isolate one cancer cell in 107 white blood cells of peripheral blood. The positive rates of more than 2 CTC in the peripheral blood detected by this method were 50% (15/30) of esophageal cancer, 63% (22/35) of breast cancer, 70% (21/30) of pancreatic cancer and 61% (20/33) gastric cancer patients respectively,but no CTC was detected in the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and gastritis patients (P = 0. 000).The aneusomy of chromosome 8 and chromosome 20 were found in 80% esophageal cancer, 75% breast cancer, 65% pancreatic cancer and 59% gastric cancer. Conclusions The CTC isolation technique with EpCAM antibody-linked nanobeads is sensitive and accurate. The aneusomy of chromosome 8 and 20 is frequent in CTC from esophageal cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer.     

2008—2009年张掖市农村生活饮用水卫生学调查分析

为了解我市农村生活饮用水现状、动态变化及影响因素,我们于2008—2009年对我市农村生活饮用水进行了连续的动态调查分析,以期为提高我市农村饮用水水质质量提供科学依据。     

支气管镜介入热消融术治疗中央型晚期肺癌的临床观察

目的探讨支气管镜介入热消融术治疗中央型晚期肺癌气道狭窄的临床效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析56例经支气管镜活检病理确诊的合并中心气道狭窄的晚期肺癌患者,在局部麻醉下采用支气管镜介导下联合应用氩气刀和高频电刀治疗;以病变狭窄获得再通、临床症状改善进行即时疗效评价,疗效判断标准:完全有效,患者呼吸困难症状消失,腔内新生物完全清除,气道恢复通畅;部分有效,患者呼吸困难症状改善,腔内新生物大部分被清除,超过50%的狭窄管腔重新开放;轻度有效,患者呼吸困难症状改善,腔内新生物小部分被清除,管腔狭窄改善不足50%,经引流狭窄远端肺部炎症消散;无效,腔内新生物未清除,患者呼吸困难无改善。结果 56例患者共行肿瘤热消融术治疗105次,一般每个患者治疗1~4次,最多一例治疗11次。临床评价完全有效8例(14.3%),部分有效27例(48.2%),轻度有效21例(37.5%),即时有效率为100%。术中、术后患者未出现严重并发症。结论局部麻醉下行支气管镜介入热消融术治疗中央型晚期肺癌疗效佳,并发症少,麻醉风险低,患者耐受好,值得借鉴和临床推广。     

核因子-κB在非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸酶抑制剂耐药中的作用和机制

近十年来,全球范围内肺癌的发病率和病死率迅速上升,其中非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)约占80%~85%。在NSCLC的治疗中,以表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)为靶点的酪氨酸酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)开创了分子靶向治疗     

特发性肺纤维化治疗的研究进展

特发性肺纤维化是一种病因不明、发病机制不清的致命性弥漫性肺间质疾病，由于对疾病本质认识不一致，治疗上较为混乱。     

不同药物胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床体会简

目的 比较单独应用顺铂或香菇多糖以及两者联合进行胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效及不良反应.方法 采用中心静脉导管留置引流术,对120例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分别采用单纯顺铂、单纯香菇多糖或香菇多糖联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗,治疗4周后按WHO标准评价近期疗效和毒副反应.结果 联合组有效率优于单纯顺铂或单纯香菇多糖组;联合组患者的不良反应低于单纯顺铂组,但高于单纯香菇多糖组.结论 香菇多糖联合顺铂胸腔灌注是治疗恶性胸腔积液的有效手段.