别让糖尿病患者孤军奋战

正糖尿病是慢性疾病,想战胜它,需要医生、患者、亲友的共同努力——这突出了糖尿病自我管理支持(DSMS)的重要性。既然它如此重要,我们在这方面做出了哪些努力?取得了哪些成果?与发达国家有何差距?糖尿病自我管理支持"不再是"孤军奋战"我国在糖尿病自我管理支持方面,其实不是刚刚开始,我们一直在做努力,而在过去的一年里开展了很多项目,这里举三个例子:     

让垂体瘤的治疗更趋完善

垂体瘤患者术后进行垂体功能的评估可以及时地对垂体功能减退者进行合适的替代治疗.但我们当前的临床现实是能够接受恰当的术后评估的患者还不到50％.只有加强内分泌科与神经外科医师的技术互补协作以及三级医院医师和基层医院医师的密切联系,提供以患者为中心的治疗才能弥补当前垂体瘤治疗存在的缺陷.     

不同糖耐量人群胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能减退的差异

目的探讨不同糖耐量人群胰岛素抵抗（IR）和胰岛B细胞功能状态。方法分析5523例患者行OGTT和胰岛素释放试验的结果，根据WHO标准将研究对象分为糖代谢正常（NGT）组、单纯空腹血糖升高（IFG）组、单纯糖耐量减低（IGT）组、空腹血糖升高合并糖耐量受损（IFG＋IGT）组和2型糖尿病（T2DM）组。结果（1）HOMA-IR：IFG、IGT、IFG＋IGT和T2DM组比NGT组分别增加41％、19％、47％和69％（P〈0．01）。（2）校正IR影响后，IFG、IGT、IFG＋IGT和T2DM组比NGT组HOMA-β分别下降54％、19％、55％和68％，△I30/△G30分别下降47％、40％、63％和82％（P〈0．001）；IFG、IFG＋IGT和T2DM组AUCI比NGT组分别下降27％、26％和30％（P〈0．01）。结论（1）从IGT、IFG、IFG＋IGT到T2DM发展过程中IR程度逐渐加重，胰岛β细胞早时相分泌和基础分泌功能逐渐衰竭，晚时相分泌代偿能力功能减弱，总体分泌功能逐渐减退。（2）从NGT、IGT、IFG、IFG＋IGT到T2DM的糖代谢异常发生发展过程反映了胰岛β细胞早时相、基础和整体分泌功能逐渐衰退变化规律。     

Ghrelin,一个促生长激素分泌及调节能量代谢的新多肽

Ghrelin是一个由 2 8个氨基酸组成的多肽 ,3位丝氨酸上有酰化基团。它是第一个被发现的生长激素促分泌剂受体 (GHS R)的内源性配体。Ghrelin主要由胃分泌 ,下丘脑、肾脏、胎盘均有分泌。GHS R分布在多种组织 ,而且有不同的亚型 ,它有很强的促生长激素 (GH)释放的作用 ,可使循环中GH迅速、显著而持久地增加 ,甚至比生长激素释放激素的作用还强。Ghrelin是促进食欲的脑肠肽 ,参与下丘脑、垂体和胃肠道共同对能量平衡的调节     

自发性2型糖尿病骨骼肌内脂类代谢障碍对PKB表达影响的实验研究

4周龄自发性胰岛素抵抗2型糖尿病模型(OLETF)大鼠和正常LETO大鼠常规饲料喂养4周,随机分为OLETF治疗组(Ⅰ组)和非治疗组(Ⅱ组)各10只,对照组LETO(Ⅲ组)10只,Ⅰ组非诺贝特20m g/(kg.d)灌胃,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组以等量蒸馏水灌胃。分别于17周、30周行标准OGTT,测定空腹血糖、2h血糖及甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、胰岛素(F IN)以及骨骼肌内TG含量和蛋白激酶B(PKB)的表达。结果17周龄、30周龄时Ⅰ、Ⅱ组2h血糖和骨骼肌内TG明显高于Ⅲ组;Ⅰ和Ⅱ组30周龄2h血糖、骨骼肌内TG较17周龄明显升高;17周龄时各组PKB表达相同,30周龄Ⅰ、Ⅱ组较前明显减弱。证明OLETF大鼠2型糖尿病进展过程中骨骼肌内TG进行性增多;此可减弱胰岛素信号通路中PKB的表达。     

利拉鲁肽--早期应用，长期获益

GLP-1受体激动剂可作为2型糖尿病患者的治疗选择,尤其是在初始治疗失败及重点考虑体重减轻或低血糖的风险下。利拉鲁肽可改善β细胞功能、减少β细胞凋亡,无论单药或联合其他降糖药物治疗,均能有效改善2型糖尿病患者血糖水平,降低低血糖的发生风险,还可有效控制体重增加和收缩压升高,为更多2型糖尿病患者带来新的希望。     

中国门诊2型糖尿病患者口服药降糖达标状况调查及格列齐特缓释片优化治疗效果分析

Objective To evaluate the current state of glycemie control in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have received oral antidiabetic agents in the out-patient clinic,and the efficacy and safety of optimized regiments of gliclazide modified-release tablets (Diamicron MR, SERVIER, Tianjin) in patients with failed glycemic control (HbA1c 6.5%). Methods The patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled from 54 hospitals in more than 20 cities and received long-term (more than 3 months) oral antidiabetic agents. HbA1c was measured and the success rate of HbA1c reduction was evaluated. The patients who failed to achieve glycemic control (HbA1c 6. 5%) and received daily multiple-dosing insulin secretagogues were provided with the optimized treatment regimen, consisting of replacing daily multiple-dosing insulin secretagogues with single-dosing gliclazide sustained-release tablets. Clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated after three months treatment. Results The survey of glycemic control revealed that the mean HbA1c of 5 586 patients with diabetes mellitus was (7.97±2.89)% ,and the success rate (HbA1c≤6.5%) was 14. 1%. Further more, HbA1c decreased from (8.23±4.00)% before optimization to (6.86±2.24)% after optimization with the average decrement of 1.37% (P<0. 001) and the success rate was raised to 34. 1%. The gliclazide modified-release tablets were well tolerated by most patients, only 2.6% of whom were reported to experience unconfirmed hypoglycemia. Conclusion The success rate of glycemic control was low in Chinese out-patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving oral antidiabetic agents in the clinic. The optimized regimen of gliclazide modified-release tablets taken once daily can down-regulate glycemic levels and increase the success rate of HbA1c reduction,and thus plays efficiently and safely a key role in the optimized management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

B.BRAUN Omnitest(○R)电子感应血糖仪临床验证报告

糖尿病代谢控制的重要内容为血糖监测,由于其直接关系到糖尿病的治疗,因此测血糖方法的准确性和便利程度一直是临床医生十分关注的问题.本文对B.BRAUN OmnitestR电子感应血糖仪的精确性进行了评估,探讨其精确性和准确性.     

中国门诊2型糖尿病患者口服药降糖达标状况调查及格列齐特缓释片优化治疗效果分析

Objective To evaluate the current state of glycemie control in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have received oral antidiabetic agents in the out-patient clinic,and the efficacy and safety of optimized regiments of gliclazide modified-release tablets (Diamicron MR, SERVIER, Tianjin) in patients with failed glycemic control (HbA1c 6.5%). Methods The patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled from 54 hospitals in more than 20 cities and received long-term (more than 3 months) oral antidiabetic agents. HbA1c was measured and the success rate of HbA1c reduction was evaluated. The patients who failed to achieve glycemic control (HbA1c 6. 5%) and received daily multiple-dosing insulin secretagogues were provided with the optimized treatment regimen, consisting of replacing daily multiple-dosing insulin secretagogues with single-dosing gliclazide sustained-release tablets. Clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated after three months treatment. Results The survey of glycemic control revealed that the mean HbA1c of 5 586 patients with diabetes mellitus was (7.97±2.89)% ,and the success rate (HbA1c≤6.5%) was 14. 1%. Further more, HbA1c decreased from (8.23±4.00)% before optimization to (6.86±2.24)% after optimization with the average decrement of 1.37% (P<0. 001) and the success rate was raised to 34. 1%. The gliclazide modified-release tablets were well tolerated by most patients, only 2.6% of whom were reported to experience unconfirmed hypoglycemia. Conclusion The success rate of glycemic control was low in Chinese out-patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving oral antidiabetic agents in the clinic. The optimized regimen of gliclazide modified-release tablets taken once daily can down-regulate glycemic levels and increase the success rate of HbA1c reduction,and thus plays efficiently and safely a key role in the optimized management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.