品管圈活动在降低医疗设备应用风险中的应用

为降低医疗设备的故障率和应用风险,提高医疗设备的应用安全与质量,本文通过品管圈活动,采用PDCA方法,结合医院医疗设备的实际情况,按照组圈、主题选定、计划拟定、现状把握、目标设定、解析、对策拟定、对策实施与讨论、效果确认、标准化、检讨与改进等品管圈活动的基本步骤,对全院医疗设备维护种类和维护项目进行完善和改进,提高医疗设备的维护保养率和完好率,构建医疗设备维护保养和质量控制体系。     

秦山核电站运行对上海环境放射性影响评价

Objective To study the effect on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when Qinshan Nuclear Power Station(QNPS) has been in normal operational condition for 17 years. Methods The field monitoring and the sampling analytical method were used for monitoring the radioactivity level in outdoor environment, drinking water, food and soil. Results The outdoor natural radiation level and the radioactivity level in the sample of the environmental media were on the normal background level. There was no distinct change in the environmental radiation level of Jinshan Area when QNPS was in normal operational condition. The radioactivity level in the environmental media was far lower than the limit values specified by the national standard GB. The effective dose of the outdoor natural external exposure for the residents is about 0.102 mSv/a and the effective dose of the internal exposure from the artificial radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs in food for the residents is about 0.488 μSv/a. Conclusions There is no effect of the radioactive contamination on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when QNPS has been in normal operational condition for 17 years.     

秦山核电站运行对上海环境放射性影响评价

Objective To study the effect on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when Qinshan Nuclear Power Station(QNPS) has been in normal operational condition for 17 years. Methods The field monitoring and the sampling analytical method were used for monitoring the radioactivity level in outdoor environment, drinking water, food and soil. Results The outdoor natural radiation level and the radioactivity level in the sample of the environmental media were on the normal background level. There was no distinct change in the environmental radiation level of Jinshan Area when QNPS was in normal operational condition. The radioactivity level in the environmental media was far lower than the limit values specified by the national standard GB. The effective dose of the outdoor natural external exposure for the residents is about 0.102 mSv/a and the effective dose of the internal exposure from the artificial radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs in food for the residents is about 0.488 μSv/a. Conclusions There is no effect of the radioactive contamination on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when QNPS has been in normal operational condition for 17 years.     

上海市CT机应用质量检测结果及评价

目的了解上海市ＣＴ机整体性能状况,促进ＣＴ机应用质量的提高。方法根据卫生部《ＣＴ应用质量检测与评审规范》的要求,对全市６０家单位的共６３台ＣＴ机进行了性能检测,对各个检测项目作出了评价,并对检测结果进行了统计分析。结果上海市６３台ＣＴ机中,５４台检测国合格。有９台ＣＴ机物理性能检测不合格,不合格率为１４％。另外还有１０台ＣＴ机整机合格,但部分指标不合格。结论根据此次检测结果,可以看出上海市ＣＴ机的     

腹腔镜手术机器人应用质量与安全评价标准体系研究

腹腔镜手术机器人能提高操作精度,缩短手术用时,患者出血少,恢复速度快。近年来,国产创新手术机器人的研发取得了显著成果,但目前国内外缺乏相关评价标准,增加了临床应用的风险。为科学评价腹腔镜手术机器人的应用质量与安全,急需研究建立质量检测与评价标准。该研究从控制系统、图像质量、机械精度、电气安全4个维度优选评价指标。在控制系统方面选取软件功能检测规范指标;在图像质量方面选取图像质量检测规范指标;在机械精度方面选取机械臂检测规范指标;在电气安全方面选取设备外观检测规范和产品故障预防与维护控制规范两个指标。通过验证试验研究合理可行的检测与评价方法,为腹腔镜手术机器人的应用质量与安全评价提供依据,填补国内外腹腔镜手术机器人相关标准方面的空白。     

秦山核电站运行对上海环境放射性影响评价

Objective To study the effect on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when Qinshan Nuclear Power Station(QNPS) has been in normal operational condition for 17 years. Methods The field monitoring and the sampling analytical method were used for monitoring the radioactivity level in outdoor environment, drinking water, food and soil. Results The outdoor natural radiation level and the radioactivity level in the sample of the environmental media were on the normal background level. There was no distinct change in the environmental radiation level of Jinshan Area when QNPS was in normal operational condition. The radioactivity level in the environmental media was far lower than the limit values specified by the national standard GB. The effective dose of the outdoor natural external exposure for the residents is about 0.102 mSv/a and the effective dose of the internal exposure from the artificial radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs in food for the residents is about 0.488 μSv/a. Conclusions There is no effect of the radioactive contamination on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when QNPS has been in normal operational condition for 17 years.     

CT所致受检者个体化器官剂量的研究进展

CT检查所引发的辐射风险备受关注,器官剂量被认为是量化受检者辐射剂量和评估风险的最有意义的技术参数。目前获取CT所致受检者器官剂量的方法主要包括：物理模体测量法、人体直接测量法、剂量转换系数法、蒙特卡罗模拟法、剂量计算软件法等。尽管不同的方法各有其特点和应用情形,但受检者器官剂量的个体化始终是辐射防护与剂量学研究所追求的目标。基于人工智能的个体化建模和GPU蒙卡仿真使得受检者器官剂量个体化计算成为可能,而基于CT探测器信号的受检者器官剂量反推则为受检者器官剂量的个体化研究提供了新的解决方案。     

上海地区CT影像设备应用质量评价与分析

目的：评价上海市CT机总体应用质量状况，促进应用水平提高。材料和方法：使用美国RMI模体，对全市75台CT机进行性能检测，对71台CT机临床照片进行等级评估，并作统计分析。结果：75台CT机性能检测全部合格，其中9台CT机为复测后合格。结论：上海市CT机总体应用质量良好，水平较往年有所提高。     

上海市民1996、1998年X射线诊断照射频率调查

[目的]了解上海市民1996年和1998年X射线诊断照射的年频率水平。[方法]频率调查分三个层次进行 ,即面上普查、分层抽样调查和个别典型调查。[结果]上海市1996年和1998年X射线诊断的年频率水平分别为536人次/千人口和583人次/千人口 ;>40岁年龄组和女性1998年接受X射线检查的年频率水平比1996年分别增长20 %和16 %。[结论]X射线诊断年频率水平有增长的趋势 ,应注意X射线诊断应用的合理性