生大黄联合芒硝外敷治疗急性胰腺炎腹胀护理研究

目的：观察生大黄联合芒硝外敷治疗急性胰腺炎腹胀的护理效果。方法：将 89 例急性胰腺炎患者，依据随机数字表法将其分为 2 组，对照组 44 例予以常规对症治疗，观察组 45 例在对照组的基础上予以生大黄联合芒硝外敷治疗。对比 2 组干预前后腹胀积分、腹内压变化情况以及干预后腹痛缓解时间，肠鸣音、排气恢复时间，肛门首次排便和平均住院时间。结果：观察组治疗 1 d、7 d 及 14 d，腹胀积分低于对照组，差异有统计学意义 （P＜0.05）。观察组治疗 1 d、7 d 及 14 d，腹内压低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组干预后，腹痛缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、排气恢复时间、肛门首次排便时间及平均住院时间低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：生大黄联合芒硝外敷及护理可以有效改善急性胰腺炎患者腹胀、腹痛症状，降低腹内压，缩短肠鸣音和排气恢复时间、肛门首次排便时间和平均住院时间。     

加味承气汤保留灌肠联合电针治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻

目的探讨-种安全有效的治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻（EPISBO）的方法.方法：共观察60例EPISBO患者.A组30例,单纯运用西医治疗;B组30例,在西医治疗基础上加用加味承气汤保留灌肠联合电针治疗.结果：A组总有效率86.7%,B组总有效率93.3%,二组患者治疗总有效率差异有统计学意义（P〈 0.05）.A组与B组的平均肠鸣音恢复时间分别为（8.6±2.5）d、（6.5±3.1）d,平均肛门排气时间分别为（9.4±3.5）d、（7.1±3.2）d,B组明显优于A组.B组较A组血WBC、CRP治疗后下降明显, 差异有统计学意义（P〈 0.05）;同时B组较A组血ALB治疗后上升明显（P〈 0.05）.二组血清TNF-α、IL-6治疗后较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈 0.05）,且B组较A组下降明显（P〈 0.05）;二组血清IL-10治疗后较治疗前上升,且B组较A组上升明显（P〈 0.05）.结论：加味承气汤联合电针治疗EPISBO可缩短疗程,减少促炎因子的释放,促进抗炎因子的分泌,减轻肠壁水肿,减少血浆蛋白的丢失,促进肠功能的恢复,提高疗效,效果显著.     

口咽通气管在意识障碍病人急救中的应用

突发意识障碍是急诊工作中常见急症之一。众多意识障碍病人常伴有呼吸困难的问题,准确迅速地处理呼吸道问题是维持生命,稳定病情,为病人争取进一步诊治机会的关键。2003年3月～2004年3月,我院急诊监护室对收治的21例意识障碍病人适时安置口咽通气管进行抢救,现将临床应用及护理报告如下。临床资料1.一般资料。本组男13例,女8例,年龄18～86岁。入急诊监护室时根据1974年Teasdle和Jennett制订的“Glasgow昏迷量表”(glasgowcomascale,GCS)[1]评分为3～8分。其中药物中毒9例,肺部疾患7例,颅内出血2例,心肺复苏术后1例,糖尿病非酮症高渗性昏…     

心理护理干预对初产妇分娩方式的影响

目的调查心理护理干预对初产妇分娩方式选择的影响。方法2004年3月～2005年3月将100例初产妇随机分为对照组与干预组各50例,对照组采用常规健康教育,干预组实施心理干预,并调查两组干预前后孕妇心理状况及对分娩自信心状态的情况。结果干预前两组焦虑、抑郁状态均高于正常,对自然分娩自信心状态低于正常;干预后干预组焦虑、抑郁及选择剖宫产分娩率均低于对照组,对自然分娩自信心提高。结论通过对初产妇实施心理护理及分娩教育,可以减轻孕妇焦虑、抑郁情绪,增强其对自然分娩的自信心,促进孕产妇身心健康,有效降低剖宫产率,促进顺产分娩率,提高产科质量。     

地塞米松对脑损伤大鼠核转录因子-κB水平的影响

Objective To explore the effects of dexamethasone on nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) expression in brain tissue after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into two groups: dexamethasone treatment and no treatment, and severe brain injury was produced by gas percussion in both groups. At 0, 6, 24, 72 and 120 hours after injury, 5 rats of each group were executed and the histopathological changes in brain tissue in rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain. The expression of NF-κB in brain tissue of rats was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results NF-κB expression was significantly up-regulated at 6 hours in brain tissue of rats after TBI (P<0.05), reaching the highest level at 24 hours (P<0. 01). It showed a tendency to lower, but was still high at 120 hours after TBI (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). After treatment with dexamethasone, NF-κB level was lowered at 6, 24 and 72 hours (all P<0. 01). Conclusion NF-κB expression is up-regulated in brain tissue in early period after TBI, and keeps on a high level, thus inducing inflammatory response to produce secondary injury to brain tissue. Dexamethasone shows protective effects by regulating the levels of NF-κB and prevents secondary injury which is caused by the inflammatory cytokines in rat brain tissue after TBI.     

超声对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断及危险度评估的临床价值

回顾性分析78例经手术病理证实的胃肠道间质瘤( GIST)超声表现,术后证实超声测量瘤体大小与手术病理测量结果之间差异无统计学意义;对GIST的声像图进行大小、形态、边界、内部有无坏死液化、血流情况、周围脏器有无浸润和转移等6个方面进行描述,根据Fletcher原则将GIST分为低危组和中高危组,除血流信号丰富程度与肿瘤侵袭危险性分级之间差异无统计学意义外,瘤体大小、形状规则情况、边界和瘤体内液化坏死等超声表现与肿瘤侵袭危险性之间均存在相关性( P<0．01)。饮水后GIST的定位准确率为84．85%,高于饮水前的定位准确率68．33%(P<0．01)。     

地塞米松对脑损伤大鼠核转录因子-κB水平的影响

Objective To explore the effects of dexamethasone on nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) expression in brain tissue after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into two groups: dexamethasone treatment and no treatment, and severe brain injury was produced by gas percussion in both groups. At 0, 6, 24, 72 and 120 hours after injury, 5 rats of each group were executed and the histopathological changes in brain tissue in rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain. The expression of NF-κB in brain tissue of rats was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results NF-κB expression was significantly up-regulated at 6 hours in brain tissue of rats after TBI (P<0.05), reaching the highest level at 24 hours (P<0. 01). It showed a tendency to lower, but was still high at 120 hours after TBI (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). After treatment with dexamethasone, NF-κB level was lowered at 6, 24 and 72 hours (all P<0. 01). Conclusion NF-κB expression is up-regulated in brain tissue in early period after TBI, and keeps on a high level, thus inducing inflammatory response to produce secondary injury to brain tissue. Dexamethasone shows protective effects by regulating the levels of NF-κB and prevents secondary injury which is caused by the inflammatory cytokines in rat brain tissue after TBI.     

立体定向多靶点精确定位毁损术治疗难治性精神病33例

目的：观察脑立体定向技术和多靶点组合毁损对难治性精神病的治疗效果。方法：对33例难治性精神病患者先后采用脑室造影定位、CT定位立体定向技术对颅内杏仁核、内囊前肢、隔区、扣带回、红核前区等部位进行多靶点组合射频热凝治疗。应用简明精神病评定量表、社会功能量表、韦氏智力量表、临床记忆量表对治疗效果进行评定，并随访患者6个月～1年，总疗效按1990年全国精神外科协作组制定的疗效评定标准进行5级评价。结果：脑室造影定位，2组靶点的联合毁损18例中恢复6例，显著进步4例，进步4例，无效3例，恶化1例，有效率77.8％。CT定位4组靶点的联合毁损15例中恢复10例，显著进步2例，进步2例，无效1例，有效率93．3％。本组总有效率84．8％。结论：多靶点组合的立体定向技术是难治性精神病的有效方法之一，CT定位可提高亚核团的定位精确度．多靶点组合毁损治疗难治性精神病，可以避免某一靶点局部的过度毁损而导致的相应并发症     

乳房按摩对提高母乳喂养率的临床效果观察

目的 观察乳房按摩对母乳喂养率的影响.方法 将208例产妇随机分为观察组105例,健康对照组103例,观察组进行4个月以上的乳房按摩,健康对照组仅进行一般的产后健康教育,两组均于产后6个月电话随访,评价乳房按摩的效果.结果 观察组有103例产妇可坚持乳房按摩,其纯母乳喂养率达80.95%,而健康对照组纯母乳喂养率为60.19%.结论 乳房按摩方法 简单,产妇依从性好,有利于乳汁分泌,可以有效提高母乳喂养率.