Grade 3 Neuroendocrine Tumor (G3 NET) in a Background of Multiple Serotonin Cell Neoplasms of the Ileum Associated with Carcinoid Syndrome and Aggressive Behavior

Grade 3 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (G3 NETs) have been characterized in the pancreas and stomach and distinguished from low-to-intermediate grade (G1–G2) NETs, as well as from highly malignant, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Up to now, no G3 NET has been thoroughly described in the distal small intestine. We herein report a case of a 61-year-old man presenting with carcinoid syndrome. The surgical specimen showed, in a background of small G1 ileal NETs, a larger, grade 3 NET, which retained the nesting pattern and the expression of serotonin, chromogranin-A, and type 2A somatostatin receptors, typical of well-differentiated jejuno-ileal NETs. The patient had G3 NET metastasis to the liver and he died 14 months after surgery, due to deterioration in his clinical conditions.     

Phagocyte function and immunological findings in a Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome long-term survivor

The case reported concerns a 19-year-old man who presented with clinical and laboratory findings compatible with the Wiscott-Aldrich Syndrome. Our patients is the eighth reported case of a long-term survivor with this syndrome. Immunologic studies revealed, in spite of a normal lymphocyte number, an impaired delayed hypersensitivity and a failure of response to mitogens and irradiated allogeneic cells. IgE and IgA levels were high while IgM levels were low. Studies of phagocytic cells showed normal phagocytosis, candidacidal activity, IgG receptors and phagocytic metabolic burst. However, the patient's neutrophils and monocytes responded poorly to chemoattractants and the serum generated less chemotactic activity than normal sera. Detailed studies revealed the presence in the patient's serum of 2 different inhibitors of chemotaxis: a cell-directed inhibitor and an inhibitor of chemotactic factors.     

Evaluation of a 2D UNet-Based Attenuation Correction Methodology for PET/MR Brain Studies

Journal of Digital Imaging - Deep learning (DL) strategies applied to magnetic resonance (MR) images in positron emission tomography (PET)/MR can provide synthetic attenuation correction (AC) maps,...     

Tropical splenomegaly: echographic picture

Tropical splenomegaly is a pathologic condition due to multiple causes, endemic malaria being the major one. Twenty-eight black patients, 10 males and 18 females, residing in a tropical area, were investigated with US. The morphological features and major diameters of the spleen were studied and the splenic volumetric index (IVS) was calculated. Typical features were the presence of small intraparenchymal calcifications (46%) and the enlargement of splenic vessels, with US wall reinforcement (75%). No nodular lesions were detected, but increased frequency of organ lobulation was observed. A definite and uniform increase in splenic diameters was seen in all cases; IVS in particular was greater than the accepted confidence limit (21.5 +/- 6.5). This characteristic features should help the echographist to recognize this condition for they supply useful clinical information.