西藏阿里地区碘营养状态调查

目的探究西藏阿里地区表观健康人群尿碘水平,以及尿碘与其他指标的相关性。方法横断面研究。2016年9至11月随机整群抽取的西藏阿里地区日土县、葛尔县509名表观健康志愿者,对其中的466名志愿者同时检测尿碘以及尿生化。结果男性和女性尿碘水平差异无统计学意义,且各年龄组不同性别的尿碘水平的差异均无统计学意义。各年龄组间尿碘水平差异无统计学意义。阿里地区碘营养缺乏占31.5%,碘营养充足占59.0%,碘营养过剩占9.5%。总人群尿碘的中位数为141.6(83.7,210.4)mg/L。尿碘水平与FT3、FT4、TSH的相关性均无统计学意义。结论西藏阿里地区碘营养状态存在一定程度缺乏。     

超声造影微血管成像与常规超声靶向引导前列腺癌穿刺活检的比较研究

ObJective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography microflow imaging (MFI) in detecting prostate cancer. Methods Sixty-five patients with serum prostate-specific antigen levels higher than 4.00 μg/L were evaluated with transrectal gray-scale,power Doppler,and MFI ultrasonography and then biopsy guided by ultrasonography. Biopsy was performed at twelve sites in the base,the mid gland and the apex in each patient. In these three transverse sections, when any of the three methods showed abnormality,the biopsy site was directed to the abnormal foci. Diagnostic efficiency of the three methods for prostate cancer detection was compared based on biopsy results according to patient and biopsy site. Results Overall prostate cancers were detected in 230 (29.5 %) of 780 specimens in 36(55.4%) of 65 patients. MFI could detect more patients(34) than gray-scale(26) and power Doppler(28) (P = 0.021, P = 0.031), 6(16.7%)of the 36 patients diagnosed with cancer were identified only by MFI. By biopsy site, MFI had higher sensitivity and overall accuracy (80.0% and 83.0%) than gray-scale (47.0% and 76.8%) and power Doppler (37.4% and 74.6%) ultrasonography(P <0.001, P<0.001 ; P = 0.001, P <0.001), while the specificity of MFI was 84.4%, lower than gray-scale (89.3%) and power Doppler (90.2%) ultrasonography(P = 0.009, P < 0.001). Conclusions MFI could detect more patients and improve sensitivity and overall accuracy by biopsy site than conventional uhrasonography.     

谷丙转氨酶37℃参考方法的建立及其应用研究

目的通过建立37℃谷丙转氨酶（ALT）参考方法，对酶校准品定值，探讨血清ALT测定结果的准确性与可比性。方法依据国际临床化学与检验医学联合会（IFCC）推荐的参考测量程序建立ALT酶催化活性参考方法，用参考方法测定ERM-AD 454 ALT参考品，验证参考方法的准确度，并对其精密度、线性范围和干扰因素进行方法学评价，同时用参考方法对制备的酶校准品进行准确定值，按照NCCLS EP9-A方案比较40份人血清用酶校准品校正的常规方法和参考方法ALT结果。结果用参考方法测定ERM-AD454 ALT参考品结果186．4U／L，在其给定的186&#177;4U／L范围内。初步建立的37℃ALT参考方法总CV0．89％～1．12％，线性范围1．3～300U／L。ALT测定结果在32U／L左右偏差超过5％的干扰物浓度分另4为游离胆红素205．2μmol／L、结合胆红素136．8μmol／L；ALT在123U／L左右测定结果偏差超过5％的干扰物浓度分别为游离胆红素256．5μmol／L、结合胆红素273．6μmol／L。血红蛋白在2g／L和三酰甘油在10mmol／L以下时对两种浓度的ALT干扰分别均大于5％和仍然小于5％。用制备的酶校准品校准的常规方法和参考方法进行比较，相关良好（r^2=0．9992）。前者结果与后者相对偏倚在&#177;10％之内。结论ALT参考方法基本建立，采用参考方法为酶校准品定值，可以提高血清ALT测定结果的准确度和可比性。     

不稳定肩胛骨骨折的手术治疗体会

目的探讨肩胛骨不稳定骨折的手术治疗相关问题。方法随访分析2003年7月至2006年3月收治的经手术治疗的15例不稳定肩胛骨骨折患者，根据Hardegger分类方法，肩胛盂窝骨折5例、解剖颈骨折1例、外科颈骨折2例、粉碎性骨折7例。其中1例合并浮肩。结果15例患者有11例获得完整随访资料，随访时间2个月-2．5年，平均13月，采用Hardegger肩关节功能评定标准，优5例，良5例，可1例。优良率90．9％，平均骨折临床愈合时间8周。结论不稳定肩胛骨骨折畸形愈合严重影响肩关节功能，需行手术切开复位内固定治疗。术后稳定性好，恢复快，不影响肩关节功能。     

超声造影微血管成像与常规超声靶向引导前列腺癌穿刺活检的比较研究

ObJective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography microflow imaging (MFI) in detecting prostate cancer. Methods Sixty-five patients with serum prostate-specific antigen levels higher than 4.00 μg/L were evaluated with transrectal gray-scale,power Doppler,and MFI ultrasonography and then biopsy guided by ultrasonography. Biopsy was performed at twelve sites in the base,the mid gland and the apex in each patient. In these three transverse sections, when any of the three methods showed abnormality,the biopsy site was directed to the abnormal foci. Diagnostic efficiency of the three methods for prostate cancer detection was compared based on biopsy results according to patient and biopsy site. Results Overall prostate cancers were detected in 230 (29.5 %) of 780 specimens in 36(55.4%) of 65 patients. MFI could detect more patients(34) than gray-scale(26) and power Doppler(28) (P = 0.021, P = 0.031), 6(16.7%)of the 36 patients diagnosed with cancer were identified only by MFI. By biopsy site, MFI had higher sensitivity and overall accuracy (80.0% and 83.0%) than gray-scale (47.0% and 76.8%) and power Doppler (37.4% and 74.6%) ultrasonography(P <0.001, P<0.001 ; P = 0.001, P <0.001), while the specificity of MFI was 84.4%, lower than gray-scale (89.3%) and power Doppler (90.2%) ultrasonography(P = 0.009, P < 0.001). Conclusions MFI could detect more patients and improve sensitivity and overall accuracy by biopsy site than conventional uhrasonography.     

超声造影微血管成像与常规超声靶向引导前列腺癌穿刺活检的比较研究

ObJective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography microflow imaging (MFI) in detecting prostate cancer. Methods Sixty-five patients with serum prostate-specific antigen levels higher than 4.00 μg/L were evaluated with transrectal gray-scale,power Doppler,and MFI ultrasonography and then biopsy guided by ultrasonography. Biopsy was performed at twelve sites in the base,the mid gland and the apex in each patient. In these three transverse sections, when any of the three methods showed abnormality,the biopsy site was directed to the abnormal foci. Diagnostic efficiency of the three methods for prostate cancer detection was compared based on biopsy results according to patient and biopsy site. Results Overall prostate cancers were detected in 230 (29.5 %) of 780 specimens in 36(55.4%) of 65 patients. MFI could detect more patients(34) than gray-scale(26) and power Doppler(28) (P = 0.021, P = 0.031), 6(16.7%)of the 36 patients diagnosed with cancer were identified only by MFI. By biopsy site, MFI had higher sensitivity and overall accuracy (80.0% and 83.0%) than gray-scale (47.0% and 76.8%) and power Doppler (37.4% and 74.6%) ultrasonography(P <0.001, P<0.001 ; P = 0.001, P <0.001), while the specificity of MFI was 84.4%, lower than gray-scale (89.3%) and power Doppler (90.2%) ultrasonography(P = 0.009, P < 0.001). Conclusions MFI could detect more patients and improve sensitivity and overall accuracy by biopsy site than conventional uhrasonography.     

超声造影微血管成像与常规超声靶向引导前列腺癌穿刺活检的比较研究

ObJective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography microflow imaging (MFI) in detecting prostate cancer. Methods Sixty-five patients with serum prostate-specific antigen levels higher than 4.00 μg/L were evaluated with transrectal gray-scale,power Doppler,and MFI ultrasonography and then biopsy guided by ultrasonography. Biopsy was performed at twelve sites in the base,the mid gland and the apex in each patient. In these three transverse sections, when any of the three methods showed abnormality,the biopsy site was directed to the abnormal foci. Diagnostic efficiency of the three methods for prostate cancer detection was compared based on biopsy results according to patient and biopsy site. Results Overall prostate cancers were detected in 230 (29.5 %) of 780 specimens in 36(55.4%) of 65 patients. MFI could detect more patients(34) than gray-scale(26) and power Doppler(28) (P = 0.021, P = 0.031), 6(16.7%)of the 36 patients diagnosed with cancer were identified only by MFI. By biopsy site, MFI had higher sensitivity and overall accuracy (80.0% and 83.0%) than gray-scale (47.0% and 76.8%) and power Doppler (37.4% and 74.6%) ultrasonography(P <0.001, P<0.001 ; P = 0.001, P <0.001), while the specificity of MFI was 84.4%, lower than gray-scale (89.3%) and power Doppler (90.2%) ultrasonography(P = 0.009, P < 0.001). Conclusions MFI could detect more patients and improve sensitivity and overall accuracy by biopsy site than conventional uhrasonography.     

液相色谱串联质谱测定血清24,25双羟基维生素D方法的建立

目的建立液相色谱串联质谱法(liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)同时测定血清24,25双羟基维生素D_2[24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_2,24,25(OH)_2D_2]和24,25双羟维生素D_3[24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_3,24,25(OH)_2D_3]的方法。方法首先采用乙腈和硫酸锌溶液沉淀血清蛋白,之后加入正己烷/乙酸乙酯震荡提取24,25(OH)_2D、离心后吸取上清液、氮气挥干,再用流动相重组。以稳定同位素标记的24,25(OH)_2D_3-d6作内标。质谱采用正离子电喷雾离子化的多离子反应监测模式,24,25(OH)_2D_2和24,25(OH)_2D_3定量离子通道选择质荷比分别为429. 3→271. 3和417. 3→381. 3;内标24,25(OH)_2D_3-d6离子通道m/z为423. 3→387. 3。以标准品峰面积与同位素内标峰面积比制作标准曲线,建立LC-MS/MS快速测定24,25(OH)_2D_2和24,25(OH)_2D_3的方法。根据EP15-A2文件评价方法的精密度,并初步测定40例北京协和医院表观健康体检者[年龄(35±5)岁,男性18例,女性22例]血清24,25(OH)3D的含量及其与25OHD的比值。结果本实验条件下可同时快速检测血清24,25(OH)_2D_2和24,25(OH)_2D_3,分析时间仅为7. 5 min,特异性高,不受3-epi 24,25(OH)_2D_3以及1,25(OH)_2D的干扰。24,25(OH)_2D_2和24,25(OH)_2D_3与内标峰面积比与对应的浓度线性相关系数均0. 999,24,25(OH)_2D_3重复性和实验室内不精密度分别为2. 46%～4. 81%和4. 33%～7. 21%,24,25(OH)_2D_2重复性和实验室内不精密度分别为4. 90%～6. 87%和5. 82%～9. 90%。24,25(OH)_2D_3和24,25(OH)_2D_2的加样回收率分别为91. 20%～96. 60%和92. 8%～105. 00%。24,25(OH)_2D_3和24,25(OH)_2D_2的定量限分别为0. 25和0. 5μg/L,检测限分别为0. 125和0. 25μg/L。初步分析北京协和医院40例体检人群血清,24,25(OH)_2D的平均值为(0. 81±0. 43)μg/L,25OHD/24,25(OH)_2D比值范围为8. 7～37. 2,平均值为18. 9±6. 7,性别间差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论本研究成功建立了LC-MS/MS快捷、准确测定血清24,25(OH)_2D的方法。     

前列腺体积在选择穿刺活检方案中的作用探讨

目的 回顾性分析比较前列腺10点穿刺中的8点、6点及经典6点法以及10点在不同的前列腺体积中前列腺癌的检出率,寻找出合理的前列腺活检方案.方法 研究对象为直肠指检阳性和(或)前列腺特异抗原(PSA)检测在4 ng/ml的可疑病人461例.按前列腺体积分成4组:≥15ml、≥35ml、≥55ml和≥75ml.所有病例都接受10点活检法,并分析比较其中的10点、8点、6点组合穿刺方案.若声像图发现外周带边界清晰的低回声病灶再靶向穿刺1～3针.结果 148例(32.1%)患者确诊前列腺癌.前列腺癌的阳性率随前列腺体积增大而减少,从49.6%降为21.8%.在边界清晰的可疑病灶中,PCa的阳性率最低,为10.3%.在前列腺癌组中,偏外侧的6点组合系统穿刺方案癌肿检出率为84%～90%,体积最小组中,包括尖部/中部/外侧中部/外侧底部的8点穿刺的癌肿检出率为96%,仅比10点组合方案低2%;而前列腺体积在35 ml以上组中,10点组合方案比包括尖部/底部/外侧中部/外侧底部8点组合方案的检出率高3%～5%.结论 经典的6点组合系统穿刺方案不适合所有前列腺的穿刺,前列腺体积为15～35 ml者建议使用包括尖部、中部、外侧中部及外侧底部的8点组合穿刺方案,而体积＞35 ml者使用10点组合方案更合适.     

碱性磷酸酶常规测量系统与参考方法的比对和偏移评价

目的通过复现碱性磷酸酶(ALP)国际参考方法评价4种常规测量方法的正确度。方法实验室内复现国际临床化学联合会(IFCC)公布的ALP参考方法;参考临床和实验室标准化协会(CLSI)EP9-A2文件用患者新鲜血清标本将Roche Modular系统、Beckman AU系统、Siemens Dimension系统、迈克试剂-Beckman AU系统与参考方法进行比对,评价常规方法与参考方法的相关性和偏移,根据回归方程调整常规方法的系数,重新比较与参考方法的相关性和偏移。结果 4种检测体系与参考方法的相关系数r均大于0.99。与参考方法相比,Roche系统存在负偏移,Beckman AU系统、Siemens Dimension系统存在正偏移,国产迈克试剂-Beckman AU仪器系统偏移最小。通过线性回归方程调整系数后,常规方法与参考方法的结果偏移降低。结论实验室通过建立参考方法并与常规方法进行方法学比较,调整仪器参数,可最大程度地保证检测结果的可比性和准确性,是实验室内质量控制的有效手段。