4DCT在咽鼓管功能障碍患者咽鼓管功能评估中的应用

目的　通过4DCT（four-dimensional CT）动态评估咽鼓管功能障碍（Eustachian tube dysfuction,ETD）患者Valsava动作时的咽鼓管（Eustachian tube,ET）功能。方法　2018年11月～2019年3月期间就诊于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院的ETD患者15例,无中耳疾病的志愿者15名。使用咽鼓管测压（tubomanometry,TMM）,七项咽鼓管功能障碍评分量表（the seven-item Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire,ETDQ-7）和咽鼓管评分量表-7（the Eustachian tube score-7,ETS-7）等方法对所有对象咽鼓管功能做初步评价。嘱患者做Valsava动作,行ADCT动态扫描,记录ET开放过程,重建图像。测量ET数值,判断阻塞部位,进行统计学分析。结果　正常对照组可观察到ET全长,ETD组均有不同程度的阻塞。ETD组ET长度和角度显著大于对照组[（44.41±2.21）mm vs（40.60±2.20）mm,P＜0.01;（168.73±4.66）mm vs（162.88±5.44）mm,P <0.01],前鼓室部直径显著小于对照组[（3.5±0.8）mm vs（5.3±1.1）mm,P <0.001]。结论　ET长度越长、角度越大,越容易发生ETD。ADCT动态扫描可准确评估ETD患者ET阻塞部位,对咽鼓管球囊扩张术适应证具有指导意义,辐射剂量低,可作为ET常规检查方法。     

诊断单一冠状动脉畸形伴主动脉瓣4叶畸形1例

<正>单一冠状动脉畸形伴主动脉瓣4叶畸形是一种极为罕见的先天性心脏病,我院320排CT发现1例,报道如下:临床资料:患者男性,53岁,3年来出现活动后胸闷、气短及头晕,无心慌、晕厥史,自感体力下降;查体:心率70次/min,呼吸17次/min、血压135/45mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa);听诊:胸骨右缘第2肋间闻及3/6级杂音。于当地医院就诊,心脏超声检查(USG)提示:先天性心脏病,主动脉瓣畸形,主动脉瓣狭窄并关闭不全(重度),升主动脉扩张,左心室增大。     

低剂量增强多层螺旋CT对陈旧性心肌梗死心肌活性的评价

目的 前瞻性评价低剂量增强多层螺旋CT(MSCT)显示陈旧性心肌梗死心肌活性的可行性和可靠性,并与MR心肌灌注和心肌活性成像进行对照研究.方法 对32例临床明确诊断为陈旧性心肌梗死的患者行前瞻性首过和延迟增强64层MSCT及MR心肌灌注成像,在短轴面上将左心室分为16个心肌段进行分析,所有患者的MSCT和MR影像资料被双盲分析,确定早期心肌灌注缺损区和晚期延迟增强区的大小及范围.采用一致性检验的Kappa检验,评价两种方法对显示心肌活性的一致性.结果 32例患者,首过灌注期MSCT提示灌注缺损为41个节段,无灌注缺损为471个节段;首过灌沣期MRI提示灌注缺损为47个节段,无灌注缺损为465个节段,两种方法一致性Kappa值为0.650,符合率为94.5%(484/512).延迟期MSCT显示延迟增强为135个节段,其中非透壁性梗死为50个节段,透壁性梗死为85个节段,未出现延迟增强为377个节段;延迟期MRI显示延迟增强为120个节段,其中非透壁性梗死为56个节段,透壁性梗死为64个节段,未出现延迟增强为392个节段,两种方法一致性Kappa值为0.609,符合率为80.7%(413/512).结论 低剂量增强螺旋MSCT与MRI对心肌活性的评价有较好的相关性,MSCT对陈旧性心肌梗死的存活心肌和非存活心肌的检测是呵行和可靠的,减少不必要的X线辐射剂量是该研究的重要方面.     

双源CT低剂量前瞻性心电触发序列扫描在冠状动脉血管成像的应用

Objective To evaluate low-dose CT coronary angiography with prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggering using dual-source CT scanner.Methods Sixty-eight patients who underwent coronary CT angiography using a dual-source CT scanner were divided into 2 groups: group A (38 cases) and group B (30 cases).Prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan mode was employed for group A.Inclusion criteria included: heart rate <70 bpm, sinus rhythm, and heart rate fluctuation less than 10 bpm.Data acquisition was set at 70% of the RR-interval.Retrospective ECG-gating helical scan was performed for group B.Inclusion criteria included heart rates < 70 bpm and sinus rhythm.The exclusion criteria included heart failure and serious arrhythmias.In both groups, patients with a BMI≥24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 120 kV, whereas patients with a BMI <24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 100 kV.All images were transferred to a workstation for further processing and analysis.The imaging quality was evaluated.The imaging quality of coronary artery segments were compared with rank sum test between the two groups, and the radiation dose were compared with t test.Results A total of 476 coronary artery segments were evaluated in group A and 372 segments were evaluated in group B.The mean score of imaging quality for coronary artery segments in group A was 3.48±0.59 and that in group B was 3.53±0.58.There was no statistical difference in imaging quality between the two groups (Z=-1.432, P=0.187).The effective dose was on average (2.51±0.54) mSv (range 1.3--3.3 mSv) in group A, whereas on average (14.55±3.54) rosy (range 7.1--20.2 mSv) in group B.There was a statistical difference between the two groups (t=18.484, P=0.000).Conclusions Low-dose prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan in dual-source CT coronary angiography is feasible in patients with low heart rate and regular cardiac rhythm.This scan mode can substantially reduce radiation doses while preserving good diagnostic image quality.     

心肌灌注MRI检测心肌存活的研究(附47例分析)

目的 评价MR心肌灌注成像（magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging,MRMPI)检测陈旧性心肌梗死存活心肌的作用。方法 选择陈旧性心肌梗死（急性心肌梗死发作后4周以上）患者47例。采用1.5T MR扫描仪，胸前心电门控技术，反转恢复快速小角度激励（IR－turbo FLASH)序列，全部患者均在静脉注射钆喷替酸葡甲胺（Gd-DTPA)0.1mmol/kg、MRMPI首过期及5－30min延迟期成像。17例行静息、负荷^99mTc单光子发射计算机体层摄影术（^99mTc single photon emission computed tomography,^99mTc SPECT)进行对照研究。首过期行短轴面成像，延迟期行短轴面及长轴面成像。结果 47例陈旧性心肌梗死患者，29例（61.7%)首过期显示灌注减低；46例（97.9%)延迟增强，其中透壁型增强10例（21.3%)，非透壁增强15例（31.9%)，混合型21例（44.7%)；无增强1例（2.1%)。在17例153个心肌段^99mTc SPECT诊断无活性心肌段37个，MRMPI示梗死区均有延迟增强，静息、负荷^99mTc SPECT诊断存活心肌段16个，MRMPI示97段无延迟增强，两者符合率87.6%。以静息、负荷^99mTc SPECT作为参考标准，MRMPI的敏感度、特异度分别为100.0%、83.6%。结论 MRMPI可有效地检测陈旧性心肌梗死的存活和非存活心肌，以及其程度和范围。     

颈动脉三维增强磁共振血管成像技术初步探讨

目的　探讨颈动脉三维增强磁共振血管成像 (3DCEMRA)方法和影响图像质量的因素。方法　使用 1.5T超导型MR扫描机 ,头部、颈部以及部分腰椎相控阵线圈。对 48例病人进行颈动脉 3DCEMRA增强扫描。检查时 ,嘱患者屏气 ,于静脉内团注钆双胺 (Gd -DTPA -BMA)对比剂后进行颈动脉期扫描 ,用 3DFLASH序列采集图像。结果　检查的病例 96%获得了满意的图像 ,经MIP和MPR重建后 ,能够清楚显示颈动脉正常解剖结构和病变的部位、大小及其狭窄程度。 2 3例经数字减影血管造影(DSA)或 /和超声以及手术证实的病例中 ,3DCEMRA显示颈动脉的特异性和敏感性均为 10 0 %。结论　高质量的颈动脉MRA图像依赖于注药后扫描时机的准确性 ,注药流速与总量的合理性 ,合适的扫描序列 ,以及操作者的技巧和熟练程度     

双源CT低剂量前瞻性心电触发序列扫描在冠状动脉血管成像的应用

Objective To evaluate low-dose CT coronary angiography with prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggering using dual-source CT scanner.Methods Sixty-eight patients who underwent coronary CT angiography using a dual-source CT scanner were divided into 2 groups: group A (38 cases) and group B (30 cases).Prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan mode was employed for group A.Inclusion criteria included: heart rate <70 bpm, sinus rhythm, and heart rate fluctuation less than 10 bpm.Data acquisition was set at 70% of the RR-interval.Retrospective ECG-gating helical scan was performed for group B.Inclusion criteria included heart rates < 70 bpm and sinus rhythm.The exclusion criteria included heart failure and serious arrhythmias.In both groups, patients with a BMI≥24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 120 kV, whereas patients with a BMI <24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 100 kV.All images were transferred to a workstation for further processing and analysis.The imaging quality was evaluated.The imaging quality of coronary artery segments were compared with rank sum test between the two groups, and the radiation dose were compared with t test.Results A total of 476 coronary artery segments were evaluated in group A and 372 segments were evaluated in group B.The mean score of imaging quality for coronary artery segments in group A was 3.48±0.59 and that in group B was 3.53±0.58.There was no statistical difference in imaging quality between the two groups (Z=-1.432, P=0.187).The effective dose was on average (2.51±0.54) mSv (range 1.3--3.3 mSv) in group A, whereas on average (14.55±3.54) rosy (range 7.1--20.2 mSv) in group B.There was a statistical difference between the two groups (t=18.484, P=0.000).Conclusions Low-dose prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan in dual-source CT coronary angiography is feasible in patients with low heart rate and regular cardiac rhythm.This scan mode can substantially reduce radiation doses while preserving good diagnostic image quality.     

320排动态容积CT对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断价值

目的探讨320排动态容积CT冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断价值。方法 2011年6月至2011年9月我院收治拟诊冠心病患者40例,先后行320排动态容积CT冠状动脉成像和冠状动脉造影检查。以冠状动脉造影为诊断冠心病金标准,评价320排动态容积CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠心病的临床应用价值。结果 40例患者320排动态容积CT冠状动脉成像检测出≥50%狭窄91处,冠状动脉造影检测出67处。320排动态容积CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠心病(狭窄≥50%)的敏感度为93%(95%CI:84%～97%),特异度为95%(95%CI:93%～97%),阳性预测值为74%(95%CI:6%～82%),阴性预测值为99%(95%CI:98%～100%)。诊断试验的ROC曲线下面积为0.98(95%CI:0.97～0.99)。结论 320排动态容积CT评价冠状动脉狭窄的可靠性较高,是一种较为理想的冠心病无创诊断方法。     

双源CT低管电压降低冠状动脉CTA辐射剂量

目的 观察低管电压在体质指数(BMI)正常范围患者双源CT冠状动脉成像(CTA)中的应用,并评价其图像质量.方法 将65例BMI在正常范围并接受冠状动脉CTA检查的患者随机分为两组,A组管电压采用常规扫描120 kV,B组管电压采用100 kV,均采用回顾性心电门控螺旋扫描.对两组扫描的冠状动脉分别做图像处理,应用秩和检验比较两组患者冠状动脉段图像质量总体评分,两独立样本t检验比较两组患者的辐射剂量和对比剂用量. 结果 A组评价443段冠状动脉,B组评价451段冠状动脉.A组图像质量评价为优和良好的占97.74%,B组占97.56%.冠状动脉段图像质量评分两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.126).A组平均有效剂量为(15.04±2.42)mSv;B组平均有效剂量为(7.95±1.69)mSv,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).A组对比剂用量为(75.17±3.69)ml,B组对比剂用量为(62.27±3.42)ml,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001). 结论 对于BMI在正常范围内的患者,冠状动脉CTA检查时管电压设为100 kV可在保证图像质量的同时显著降低辐射剂量和对比剂用量.     

双源CT低剂量前瞻性心电触发序列扫描在冠状动脉血管成像的应用

Objective To evaluate low-dose CT coronary angiography with prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggering using dual-source CT scanner.Methods Sixty-eight patients who underwent coronary CT angiography using a dual-source CT scanner were divided into 2 groups: group A (38 cases) and group B (30 cases).Prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan mode was employed for group A.Inclusion criteria included: heart rate <70 bpm, sinus rhythm, and heart rate fluctuation less than 10 bpm.Data acquisition was set at 70% of the RR-interval.Retrospective ECG-gating helical scan was performed for group B.Inclusion criteria included heart rates < 70 bpm and sinus rhythm.The exclusion criteria included heart failure and serious arrhythmias.In both groups, patients with a BMI≥24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 120 kV, whereas patients with a BMI <24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 100 kV.All images were transferred to a workstation for further processing and analysis.The imaging quality was evaluated.The imaging quality of coronary artery segments were compared with rank sum test between the two groups, and the radiation dose were compared with t test.Results A total of 476 coronary artery segments were evaluated in group A and 372 segments were evaluated in group B.The mean score of imaging quality for coronary artery segments in group A was 3.48±0.59 and that in group B was 3.53±0.58.There was no statistical difference in imaging quality between the two groups (Z=-1.432, P=0.187).The effective dose was on average (2.51±0.54) mSv (range 1.3--3.3 mSv) in group A, whereas on average (14.55±3.54) rosy (range 7.1--20.2 mSv) in group B.There was a statistical difference between the two groups (t=18.484, P=0.000).Conclusions Low-dose prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan in dual-source CT coronary angiography is feasible in patients with low heart rate and regular cardiac rhythm.This scan mode can substantially reduce radiation doses while preserving good diagnostic image quality.