米氮平与舍曲林治疗抑郁症伴有焦虑疗效比较

目的 :比较米氮平与舍曲林对抑郁症伴焦虑的疗效及其安全性。方法 :1 1 1例抑郁症分为 2组。米氮平组 56例 [男性 30例 ,女性 2 6例 ,年龄(39±s 1 3)a,本次抑郁病期 (3± 5)mo]予米氮平30～ 45mg ,po,qd;舍曲林组 55例 [男性 2 9例 ,女性 2 6例 ,年龄 (40± 1 2 )a,本次抑郁症病期 (4± 4)mo]予舍曲林 50～ 1 0 0mg,po,qd;均 6wk为一个疗程。结果 :对抑郁症状的治疗 ,米氮平组显效率73 % ,舍曲林组显效率 67% ,疗效差异无显著意义(P >0 .0 5) ;对焦虑症状的治疗 ,米氮平组显效率79 % ,舍曲林组显效率 44 % ,疗效差异有显著意义(P <0 .0 5)。整体药物不良反应发生率 2组相当。结论 :米氮平与舍曲林是安全有效的治疗抑郁症的药物 ,但抗焦虑作用米氮平优于舍曲林     

ARDS肺保护通气策略临床应用及其新进展

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是由肺内原因和/或肺外原因引起的,以顽固性低氧血症为显著特征的临床综合征,因病死率极高备受关注。ARDS患者病理生理特征表现为肺的顺应性降低、肺内通气血流比严重失衡等。机械通气是ARDS患者生命支持的重要手段。本文回顾了近年关于ARDS肺保护通气策略的文献,阐述了其临床应用和新进展。     

CT灌注成像对非卒中型烟雾病血流动力学的分析

目的：分析非卒中型烟雾病(MMD)患者脑血流动力学改变特点。方法对12例颅脑 CT 平扫未发现病变,经 DSA 证实的 MMD 患者(病例组)和10例正常成人(对照组)行多排螺旋 CT 灌注成像(CTPI),计算出2组样本相对应脑解剖部位血流动力学参数,对比分析所得数值的统计学意义。结果病例组不同部位脑组织各血流灌注参数差异均有显著统计学意义(P =0.000);对照组不同部位脑组织各血流灌注参数差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05)。病例组额叶、颞叶、顶叶及基底节区脑血容量(rCBV)明显高于对照组(P <0.01);病例组额叶脑血流量(rCBF)低于对照组(P <0.05);病例组额叶、颞叶、顶叶对比剂平均通过时间(MTT)及额叶对比剂峰值时间(TTP)较对照组延长(P <0.05)。结论CTPI 可以定量地反映脑组织的血流动力学改变,对评价尚未出现脑组织形态学变化的 MMD 患者脑循环障碍具有重要价值。     

The effect of defective early phase insulin secretion on postload glucose intolerance in impaired fasting glucose

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are two risk groups for type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by both impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance but their relative contribution to the development of hyperglycemia may differ due to heterogeneity of the disease. Combined glucose intolerance (CGI), on the other hand, seems to represent a more advanced stage of prediabetes that bears a distinctly higher risk of progression to diabetes and its comorbidities. This study has the aim to compare isolated IFG and CGI categories with respect to the degree of early phase insulin secretion abnormalities and insulin resistance. Subjects who had IFG (fasting glucose: 110-126 mg/dl) were included in the study. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with insulin response was done and subjects were classified according to the WHO criteria. Six subjects were excluded because they had diabetic glucose tolerance. A total of 66 patients (53.4 +/- 11.1 years, female/male: 48/18) were divided into two groups according to their glucose tolerance in OGGT (Group 1: isolated IFG and group 2: CGI). Early phase insulin secretion was measured by intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and OGTT. Insulin resistance was assessed by the R value of the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). We did not find any statistically significant difference between groups according to age, gender, body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin-AUC (0-180 min) and HOMA-R values. In OGGT there was no statistically significant difference between 0', 30', 60' and 90' insulin levels of the groups; only 120' and 180' insulin levels were higher in CGI than in IFG group (p<0.05). In IVGTT, there was no statistically significant difference between glucose levels of the groups. Furthermore, insulin response to intravenous glucose was higher in IFG than in CGI (p<0.05). Our data demonstrate that isolated IFG and CGI are similar with respect to the degree of insulin resistance, and that subjects with CGI had a more prominent deficit in early phases of insulin secretion.     

颈椎手术对甲状腺激素水平的影响

目的了解颈椎手术对甲状腺激素水平的影响。方法选取2012年12月至2013年12月收治的60例手术患者,根据手术方式分为颈椎组(行颈前路手术)、腰椎组(行腰后路减压融合内固定手术)、胆囊组(行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术),各20例。采用电化学发光法于手术前后各时间点检测患者血清甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)及反三碘甲状腺原氨酸(rT3)水平,比较各组间甲状腺激素水平的差异,分析其变化趋势。结果 3组患者血清T3、FT3水平从术前开始下降,于术后8h时出现平台期,然后继续下降,术后24h到达最低水平再逐渐恢复;其中颈椎组较其他两组下降程度更明显,恢复也更为缓慢。T4、FT4水平从术前24h开始逐渐上升,颈椎组在术后2h到达峰值,腰椎组和胆囊组在术后4~8h到达峰值,之后逐渐下降;其中颈椎组的下降幅度明显,在术后12h降至基础水平,之后缓慢上升,于术后14d时接近正常水平。3组患者TSH水平均先升高,在术后2h到达峰值,然后再下降至低于基础水平,于术后24h后逐渐恢复正常,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。3组患者rT3水平总体呈轻度增高,但无明显规律。结论颈椎手术患者术后T3、T4水平明显降低,与腰椎手术和胆囊切除术患者相比存在差异,可能与甲状腺的X射线照射及机械性压迫有关。     

负压封闭引流联合开放性植骨术或骨搬移术治疗胫骨创伤性骨髓炎

目的：探讨负压封闭引流（VSD）联合开放性植骨术或骨搬移术治疗胫骨创伤性骨髓炎伴有皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年6月24例胫骨创伤性骨髓炎患者的临床资料,其中男16例,女8例,年龄22～61岁,平均41．5岁。术前行创面细菌培养和药敏试验、X线及三维C T重建检查。清创后胫骨缺损长度为2～9 cm ,平均（5．96±2．14）cm ,创伤面积为3 cm ×3 cm～9 cm ×7 cm ,平均（25．63±17．44）cm2。对5例骨缺损≤4 cm的患者进行清创、VSD、开放性植骨术,对19例骨缺损＞4 cm的患者进行清创、VSD、骨搬移术。结果所有患者随访10～18个月,平均13．3个月。抗生素使用5～14 d ,平均7．9 d ,VSD治疗0～10次,平均2．9次。19例患者骨端自然愈合,愈合时间4～15个月,平均6．4个月,5例患者在骨搬移术后出现骨不连,经骨端嵌顿皮肤及软组织清理、骨髓腔打通、自体髂骨植骨及VSD后达到骨端愈合。2例患者治疗期间出现钉道感染,经抗生素治疗后感染控制,其余患者无感染复发。开放性植骨术或骨搬移术后1、2个月随访显示软组织缺损面积均较清创术后显著改善,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;根据 Paley 骨折愈合评分标准优19例,良3例,中2例,差0例,总优良率为91．6％。结论 VSD联合开放性植骨术或骨搬移术是治疗胫骨创伤性骨髓炎伴有皮肤软组织缺损的有效方法。     

天津地区福氏志贺菌整合子携带及耐药性研究

目的了解天津地区不同年份福氏志贺菌血清型分布,整合子携带情况,耐药性及其变化趋势。方法采用血清学方法对天津地区不同年份分离的56株福氏志贺菌进行分型;PCR扩增整合子整合酶及可变区,并测序;采用K-B法测定其对16种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果 1981~1983年分离株福氏志贺菌1类整合酶阳性率为87.50%(28/32),其中27株可变区含氨基糖苷类药物耐药基因aadA;2009~2011年分离株福氏志贺菌1类整合酶阳性率为91.67%(22/24),可变区及3’末端扩增均阴性。1981~1983年分离株福氏志贺菌2类整合酶均阴性;2009~2011年分离株福氏志贺菌2类整合酶阳性率79.17%(19/24),可变区含dfrA1、sat1、aadA1,介导对甲氧苄啶、链丝菌素和链霉素耐药。有17株福氏志贺菌1、2类整合酶均阳性。1981~1983年分离株福氏志贺菌对四环素、链霉素、氯霉素及甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑耐药率高,多重耐药率为65.63%;2009~2011年分离株福氏志贺菌对氨苄西林、链霉素、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑、哌拉西林和四环素耐药率高,多重耐药率为83.33%。结论 1、2类整合子广泛存在于天津地区福氏志贺菌中,其中1类整合子3’保守末端可能缺失或存在变异。2009~2011年分离株福氏志贺菌对抗菌药物耐药性较1981~1983年分离株增强,多重耐药率增高。福氏志贺菌优势血清型发生转变,血清型分布呈现多样化。     

可注射型热触发仿天然骨材料的基础研究

目的：试图研制可注射型热敏仿天然骨材料,测定其理化特性,并将其初步应用于体外根尖孔破坏的离体牙模型上。方法：采用逆向蒸发法制备载碱性磷酸酶（alkalinephosphatase,ALP）的脂质体,考察其包封率、活性率及相变温度。将载ALP、载钙离子（Ca^24）和磷酸盐（Pi）3种脂质体与β-甘油磷酸盐（β-glycerophosphate,β-GP）混合制备矿化液,观测矿物质的形态、元素分析及红外光谱曲线;将I型胶原与以上矿化液混合制备的复合材料应用于根尖孔破坏的离体牙根尖周围,根管充填并统计分析。结果：载ALP的脂质体平均包封率为25．1％,平均活性率为16．5％,相变温度为37．3～40．1℃,峰值为39．2℃;与未加ALP者相比,所得矿化物形态和Ca／Pi比与天然骨中矿化物更接近,红外光谱曲线表明其为羟基磷灰石;体外模型显示该复合材料可在一定程度上支托根充材料,预防超充。     

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor: Five cases with different preoperative diagnoses

Neuroendocrine tumors, also known as carcinoid tumors, behave like benign tumors; however, they show the characteristics of carcinoma. While more than 80% of the neuroendocrine tumors found in the liver are metastatic, primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors are very rare. Five patients with hepatic mass who admitted to our clinic between August 2003 and July 2007 were treated surgically. Ultrasonography, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed in all patients. Endoscopy and colonoscopy were conducted to exclude malignancy of other sites. Hepatectomy was carried out in all patients. Diagnosis was confirmed with immunohistochemical examination. The five patients treated surgically were diagnosed as primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor histopathologically. Abdominal pain was the most common complaint of all patients. Hepatectomy was conducted in all patients due to tumors originating from the liver lobes. Only one patient (Case 2) underwent transarterial chemoembolization before hepatectomy to reduce tumor bleeding. Owing to tumor recurrence on the left lobe of the liver in Case 2, transarterial chemoembolization was performed four years after hepatectomy. R0 resection was achieved in two patients (Cases 1 and 3). In conclusion, primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors are very rare and asymptomatic tumors. Thus, high-sensitive laboratory and imaging examinations are required. At present, hepatectomy remains the main treatment for primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor.