eIF4EBP3 was downregulated by methylation and acted as a tumor suppressor by targeting eIF4E/β-catenin in gastric cancer

Gastric Cancer - Epigenetic aberrations of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), particularly DNA methylation, are frequently involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). Through a methylome...     

高海拔视网膜病变1例报道

<正>高原视网膜病变(high altitude retinopathy,HAR)是高原病(high-altitude illness,HAI)的一种表现,目前认为是高海拔低压性缺氧环境引起视网膜和视神经的改变,主要表现为视网膜血管迂曲扩张、高原视网膜出血(high altitude retinal hemorrhage,HARH)和视盘水肿等^[1-2]。本文通过对1例患者的临床资料、治疗和随访情况进行回顾并进行文献复习,以期提高临床对该病的认识。     

基于R语言平台的糖尿病证候分布演化规律研究

糖尿病证候分布演变规律的研究对中医治疗糖尿病的临床决策具有重要的意义。本文提出基于R语言平台,以大量临床证候数据作为研究对象,采用聚类分析数据挖掘算法,构建糖尿病证候分布模型;以年龄作为时间变量,构建糖尿病时间序列证候分布演化模型;采用时间序列相似性分析方法,将数据可视化展示,结合中医临床知识分析数据挖掘结果。本研究为糖尿病证候分布演变研究提供一种新的思路与方法,对探究糖尿病证候分布演变的本质产生积极作用,并指导临床实践。     

免疫性不孕症患者外周血CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞、叉头状转录因子3、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4的水平研究

目的探讨外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+Treg)、叉头状转录因子3(Foxp3)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(CTLA-4)与免疫性不孕的关系,为免疫性不孕的诊断和治疗提供依据。方法用流式细胞仪检测60例免疫性不孕妇女(研究组)和60例正常妊娠的育龄妇女(对照组)外周血中CD4+CD25+Treg、Foxp3、CTLA-4水平,并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果研究组外周血中CD4+CD25+Treg、Foxp3、CTLA-4水平值分别为:(3.66±0.59)%、(2.97±0.63)%、(3.17±0.36)%,均低于对照组[(8.17±0.63)%、(7.17±0.53)%、(8.21±0.56)%],两组比较差异均有高度统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论免疫性不孕症患者外周血中CD4+CD25+Treg、Foxp3、CTLA-4的表达水平比正常妊娠的育龄妇女少,CD4+CD25+Treg、Foxp3、CTLA-4表达的降低可能是免疫性不孕的重要原因。     

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy causes severe acute pancreatitis and stillborn fetus: A case report

Rationale:Acutefatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a potentially fatal obstetric emergency characterized by acute hepatic failure secondary to fatty infiltration. The resultant effects include coagulopathy, electrolyte abnormalities, and multisystem organ dysfunction. Pancreatitis typically develops after the onset of renal and hepatic dysfunction. Pancreatitis has been suggested as a poor prognostic indicator because it is associated with more adverse outcomes.Patient concerns:A 29-year-old Chinese woman at 34.7 weeks pregnancy was admitted to hospital due to paroxysmal hypogastric pain and massive colporrhagia for 1 day.Diagnosis:Laboratory tests revealed hepatic and renal impairment, coagulopathy. Thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning showed pleural and peritoneal effusion, fatty liver, and pancreatitis. She was diagnosed with AFLP, severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and intrauterine fetal death.Interventions:The patient was treated with blood component transfusions, plasma exchange combined with renal replacement therapy, antibiotic de-escalation, gastric and pancreatic secretion inhibitor, and enteral nutrition.Outcomes:After successful management, the patient was discharged without any complications on day 35 of admission. At 10 months follow-up, thoracoabdominal enhanced CT revealed was normal and laboratory tests revealed normal liver and kidney function.Lessons:Once AFLP is highly suspected or confirmed, the pregnancy should be terminated in time and active symptomatic management should be given.     

Improving Social Knowledge and Skills among Adolescents with Autism: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of UCLA PEERS® for Adolescents

UCLA PEERS® for Adolescents is a widely applied program among a number of social skills training programs developed over the years. We synthesized current research evidence on the PEERS program to evaluate the treatment effect on four commonly used outcome measures. 12 studies met inclusion criteria for the review and nine met the criteria for meta-analysis. Results showed moderate to large pooled effects across measures and informants in favor of the PEERS program, with the largest effect seen in social knowledge improvement and the smallest effect in the frequency of get-togethers. The heterogeneity of effects across studies were examined and the limitations of the current evidence were discussed.

     

Regulating kinetics and thermodynamics of electrochemical nitrogen reduction with metal single-atom catalysts in a pressurized electrolyser

Using renewable electricity to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen paves a sustainable route to making value-added chemicals but yet requires further advances in electrocatalyst development and device integration. By engineering both electrocatalyst and electrolyzer to simultaneously regulate chemical kinetics and thermodynamic driving forces of the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR), we report herein stereoconfinement-induced densely populated metal single atoms (Rh, Ru, Co) on graphdiyne (GDY) matrix (formulated as M SA/GDY) and realized a boosted ENRR activity in a pressurized reaction system. Remarkably, under the pressurized environment, the hydrogen evolution reaction of M SA/GDY was effectively suppressed and the desired ENRR activity was strongly amplificated. As a result, the pressurized ENRR activity of Rh SA/GDY at 55 atm exhibited a record-high NH₃ formation rate of 74.15 μg h⁻¹⋅cm⁻², a Faraday efficiency of 20.36%, and a NH₃ partial current of 0.35 mA cm⁻² at −0.20 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which, respectively, displayed 7.3-, 4.9-, and 9.2-fold enhancements compared with those obtained under ambient conditions. Furthermore, a time-independent ammonia yield rate using purified ¹⁵N₂ confirmed the concrete ammonia electroproduction. Theoretical calculations reveal that the driving force for the formation of end-on N₂* on Rh SA/GDY increased by 9.62 kJ/mol under the pressurized conditions, facilitating the ENRR process. We envisage that the cooperative regulations of catalysts and electrochemical devices open up the possibilities for industrially viable electrochemical ammonia production.

Ammonia is essential for human propagation and thriving (1, 2). Today’s global ammonia production is excessively dependent on the Haber–Bosch method, which converts nitrogen and hydrogen to ammonia at high temperature (300–500 °C) and pressure (200–300 atm) (3). So far, this century-old strategy has contributed vastly annual productions, yet significantly exacerbating the global energy consumption and greenhouse-gas emission. Electrocatalytic N₂ reduction reaction (ENRR) to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and water under mild conditions represents a viable alternative that strategically transforms the energy-intensive sector toward sustainability, while its efficiency achieved so far is fairly low (4–8).The primary hurdle obstructing the ENRR lies in issues such as the inherent inertness of N₂, the high-energy barrier of N₂ activation, multiple electron–proton transfers, the low solubility of N₂ in aqueous solutions and competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), etc. (9–12). On the basis of these premises, strategies are highlighted to modulate the kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium of the progress, thus steering the reaction toward the production of ammonia while mitigating HER (13–16). From a kinetic perspective, many catalyst-centric approaches, such as introducing alloy, defects, doping, and strain, etc., have been explored to improve nitrogen reduction performance (17–21). The overall ENRR efficiency, however, is still insufficient to meet the practical requirements. On the other hand, the improvement of the thermodynamic driving force for ammonia production, such as regulating electrochemical reaction conditions, may offer equally positive effects to efficiently promote the N₂ reduction process and suppress the unwanted side reactions (22). Conventionally, exploration of the innovation of electrocatalysts or electrochemical cell devices has always been undergone independently, despite their indivisible interconnection nature. Indeed, the ENRR advancements toward the envisioned practical applications depend very much on the cooperative development of both electrocatalysts and electrochemical cell devices (23).Given that the reductive N₂ adsorption (N₂ + e⁻ + H⁺ → *N = NH) is usually regarded as the potential limiting step, novel metal single-atom catalysts (SACs, e.g., Ru, Rh, Co) with a favorable ENRR kinetics guarantee a great promise to circumvent the N₂ activation energy barrier (24–27). These catalysts, on the other hand, also suffer vigorous competition from HER and low content of metal loading (28–30). Encouragingly, the most recent research work demonstrated that the system-level regulation of the pressurized electrocatalytic environment could affect the chemical equilibrium of the ammonia production reaction and meanwhile endow tangible HER suppression (31). It thus warrants research efforts to query whether the integration of SACs with pressurized electrochemical environments will lever synergies between kinetics and thermodynamic driving forces and be the game-changer for the ENRR.Herein, we showcase that SACs-catalyzed N₂ reduction in a pressurized system is an effective design principle to enhance both the chemical kinetics and thermodynamic process, leading to the amplified ENRR activity with simultaneously retarded HER. The deployed SACs contain Ru, Rh, and Co atoms featured with densely populated active sites and stabilized on graphdiyne (GDY) support (referred to as M SA/GDY; M = Rh, Ru, and Co); these electrocatalysts were prepared by a facile and mild method via stereoconfinement of metal atoms on the GDY framework. Through extensive ENRR test using adequately cleaned N₂, we found that the as-prepared M SA/GDY electrocatalysts render prominently enhanced ammonia electroproduction with obvious HER inhibition at the pressurized electrocatalytic system, suggesting positive cooperation between SAC and the pressurized environment. Remarkably, a record-high ammonia yield rate of 74.15 μg h⁻¹⋅cm⁻², a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 20.36%, and a NH₃ partial current density of 0.35 mA cm⁻² were achieved for Rh SA/GDY at 55 atm of N₂, which shows 7.3-, 4.9-, and 9.2-fold enhancement in comparison with those obtained in ambient conditions, outperforming the state-of-art ENRR catalysts. Additionally, a time-independent ammonia yield rate using adequately cleaned ¹⁵N₂ ensured the ammonia electrosynthesis from N₂.     

缺氧应激反应中活性氧与缺氧诱导因子-1的相互作用

在缺氧条件下,线粒体会产生大量的活性氧（ reactive oxygen species, ROS）,随即大量的活性氧将会诱导机体产生缺氧应激反应。缺氧诱导因子1（hypoxia inducible factor 1, HIF?1）是缺氧应激反应中的中枢调控因子。有研究表明, ROS主要通过抑制脯氨酸羟化酶家族（ prolyl hydroxylases, PHDs）的活性来抑制HIF?1α的泛素化降解,从而稳定HIF?1。而HIF?1蛋白水平的升高有助于机体应对缺氧微环境。最近研究还发现, REDD?1可以通过ROS对HIF?1产生负调控作用,从而抑制肿瘤的形成;秀丽线虫呼吸突变体的产生会导致ROS水平增加,从而增强HIF?1的活性,最终延长的线虫寿命;以及ROS、 HIF?1促进自噬的产生。因此,了解缺氧条件下ROS与HIF?1之间的相互作用关系,对于今后肿瘤、衰老和自噬的研究具有重要意义。     

Cell-tailored calcium carbonate particles with different crystal forms from nanoparticle to nano/microsphere

Inspired by biomineralization, the first synthesis of size-tunable calcium carbonates from nanoparticles (YC-CaCO₃ NPs) to nano/microspheres (YC-CaCO₃ N/MSs) with a porous structure was accomplished using a facile method under the mediation of the secretion from yeast cells (YCs). The biomolecules derived from the secretion of YCs were used as conditioning and stabilizing agents to control the biosynthesis of the YC-CaCO₃ materials. The morphology and crystal forms of YC-CaCO₃ materials can be affected by the biomolecules from the secretion of YCs. With increasing concentrations of biomolecules, the morphologies of the obtained CaCO₃ materials changed from nanoparticles to nano/microspheres with a porous structure, while the crystal forms transformed from amorphous to calcite. Functional investigations showed that YC-CaCO₃ NSs with a porous structure effectively acted as anticancer drug carriers with accurate and selective drug release in tumor tissue, which suggests that they have great potential to function as a therapeutic delivery system. These application features are mainly attributed to the satisfactory biocompatibility and biodegradability, high drug-loading capacity, and pH-dependent sustained drug release performance of the porous YC-CaCO₃ NSs. The biomimetic synthesis strategy of YC-CaCO₃ materials mediated by YC secretion not only helps to shed light on the biomineralization mechanism in organisms, but may also lead to a new means of biosynthesizing organic–inorganic nanocomposites.

The synthesis of cell-tailored calcium carbonate with different crystal forms can be controlled from nanoparticle to nano/microsphere by a bio-inspired strategy.