102例直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移患者临床病理特点及生存预后分析

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and prognostic significance of lateral lymph node dissection (LPLND) in patients with lateral lymph node (LPLN) metastasis. Methods The clinicopathological data of rectal cancer patients who underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) combined with LPLND and pathologically confirmed as LPLN metastasis after operation were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological characteristics and metastasis rules of patients with LPLN metastasis were discussed, and the survival prognosis after LPLND was analyzed. Results A total of 102 rectal cancer patients with pathologically confirmed LPLN metastasis were included. The common sites of LPLN metastasis were internal iliac vessels lymph nodes (n=68, 66.7%), followed by obturator lymph nodes (n=44, 43.1%), and common iliac vessels or external iliac vessels lymph nodes (n=12, 11.8%). There were 10 patients (9.8%) with bilateral LPLN metastases, and the mean number of LPLN metastases was 2.2±2.4, among which 16 patients (15.7%) had LPLN metastases number≥2. The 3-year OS (66.8% vs. 7.7%, P<0.001) and DFS (39.1% vs. 10.5%, P=0.012) of patients with LPLN metastases to the external iliac or common iliac lymph node were significantly lower than those with metastases to the internal iliac or obturator lymph node. The multivariate analysis showed that LPLN metastasis to external iliac or common iliac lymph node was an independent risk factor both for OS (HR=3.53; 95%CI: 1.50-8.31; P=0.004) and DFS (HR=2.40; 95%CI: 1.05-5.47; P=0.037). Conclusion LPLN mainly metastasizes to the internal iliac or obturator lymph node areas. The survival of patients with metastasis to the external iliac or common iliac lymph node cannot be improved by LPLND, and thus systemic comprehensive treatment is often the optimal treatment option. © 2023, CHINA RESEARCH ON PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. All rights reserved.     

择期结直肠手术术前机械性肠道准备与抗生素肠道准备的研究进展

目前,结直肠癌的诊治理念已从原先的“经验医学”转入“循证医学”,针对结直肠手术术前肠道准备,国内外尚缺乏相应指南与规范指导临床应用。而随着快速康复外科理念的不断发展,术前机械性肠道准备（mechanical bowel preparation,MBP）不但会增加患者不适与精神经济负担,同时也会提高术前护理难度。本文综述了目前国内外现有文献证据表明,针对择期开腹或腹腔镜结肠手术,建议术前弃置MBP,采用单纯口服抗生素（oral antibiotic bowel preparation,OABP）的方法进行术前肠道准备。针对择期开腹直肠手术,术前MBP仍是必不可少的术前准备环节,针对择期腹腔镜直肠手术,建议OABP联合MBP作为常规术前肠道准备方法。然而,国人饮食习惯和结构与西方不同,更偏重于高纤维、低脂饮食,因此肠道中食物残渣含量高。且国内各机构腹腔镜诊治经验仍参差不齐。因此,亟待各机构或专业学术组织开展根据不同肿瘤位置、年龄、手术方式等针对国人的大规模、多中心、随机对照研究,以期验证最适合国人的择期结直肠手术术前肠道准备模式。     

郭勇病证结合辨治结直肠癌肝转移经验

正结直肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一~([1])。肝脏是结直肠癌血行转移最主要的靶器官,肝转移是结直肠癌患者最主要的死亡原因,15%～25%的结直肠患者在确诊时即合并肝转移,另有15%～25%的患者在结直肠癌根治术后发生肝转移,     

直肠癌患者新辅助放化疗后腹腔镜与开腹侧方淋巴结清扫术的近中期预后疗效分析

目的比较新辅助放化疗（nCRT）后开腹与腹腔镜侧方淋巴结清扫术（LPLND）的近期疗效与中期肿瘤学治疗结局。 方法回顾性收集分析2011年1月至2019年12月期间在两家医院nCRT后行全直肠系膜切除术（TME）+LPLND的139例直肠癌患者的临床病例资料,按照手术入路将患者分为腹腔镜组（n=122）和开腹组（n=17）。采用倾向得分匹配法对协变量进行1：1匹配,最终腹腔镜组与开腹组各纳入16例患者。t检验或卡方检验比较两组患者手术结果、术后并发症、病理结果。采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存曲线绘制,采用Long-Rank法进行生存时间比较,将有意义的因素纳入COX比例风险回归模型进行多因素预后分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果匹配后,腹腔镜组患者术后出血量降低（100 ml vs. 300 ml,P=0.017）、术后住院时间缩短（7 d vs. 15 d,P=0.011）、LPLN清扫数量（9枚 vs. 7枚,P=0.003）与总淋巴结清扫数量（25枚 vs. 20枚,P=0.033）明显增多。生存预后方面,腹腔镜组与开腹组的3年总体生存率（92.3% vs. 75.2%,P=0.929）与无瘤生存率（71.3% vs. 63.6%,P=0.976）差异无统计学意义。 结论nCRT后行腹腔镜LPLND是安全可行的,具有创伤小、恢复快、淋巴结清扫彻底等短期优势。同时,有着与开腹LPLND相似的中期肿瘤学治疗结局。     

桥本甲状腺炎自身抗体与甲状腺 功能的相关性分析

目的 探讨初诊桥本甲状腺炎（HT）患者的抗甲状腺微粒体抗体（TmAb）和抗甲状腺球蛋白 抗体（TgAb）与甲状腺功能的相关性。方法 收集初诊甲状腺肿患者313 例,其中HT 患者132 例,非HT 患者181 例,检测血清TmAb、TgAb、TSH、FT3、FT4、TT3、TT4 及B 超测定甲状腺大小,分析抗体与甲 状腺功能的相关性。结果 HT 患者年龄低于非HT 患者,TSH 高于非HT 患者（P <0.05）;HT 女性患者的 TSH、TmAb 及TgAb 与男性患者无差异（P >0.05）,但FT3、FT4、TT3 及TT4 低于男性（P <0.05）,非HT 女性患者年龄、FT3 及FT4 低于男性患者（P <0.05）;HT 患者中TmAb 与TSH 呈正相关（P <0.05）,与FT4 呈负相关（P <0.05）,TgAb 与FT3、FT4 及TT4 呈负相关（P <0.05）。结论 初诊HT 患者自身抗体和性别与 甲状腺功能存在密切关系,但抗体在甲状腺损伤过程中呈现不同作用特点。