ACS患者行冠状动脉支架植入术后“双抗”治疗的病理生理影响

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者行冠状动脉支架植入(PCI)后阿司匹林+替格瑞洛或氯吡格雷抗凝治疗对血小板聚集性、血管内皮功能、炎症介质水平的影响。方法选取2015年4月至2016年5月该院行PCI的ACS患者100例为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各50例,观察组术后予以阿司匹林+替格瑞洛行抗凝治疗,对照组术后给予阿司匹林+氯吡格雷抗凝,术后均随访1年,比较两组用药1年内血小板聚集率,对比两组治疗前后血清内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、纤溶酶原激活抑制剂-1(PAI-1)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、人可溶性CD40配体(sCD40L)水平,记录术后终点事件与不良反应。结果观察组用药后1、6个月、1年血小板聚集率均低于对照组(P0.05);观察组治疗后血清ET-1(100.20±1.87)ng/L、PAI-1(3.20±1.34)μg/L、hs-CRP(12.20±1.65)mg/L、IL-6(10.29±1.74)pg/mL、sCD40L水平(1.20±0.27)μg/L较对照组明显下降(P0.05),而NO水平(58.22±1.74)mg/L高于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后1年内终点事件发生率6.00%、不良反应发生率8.00%略低于对照组10.00%、10.00%,但差异比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ACS患者在PCI术后应用阿司匹林联合替格瑞洛行抗凝治疗效果优于阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷,前者对血小板聚集性、血管内皮功能、炎症介质水平有明显改善作用,且安全可靠,值得在临床推广应用。     

鲜竹沥的本草考证与现代研究进展

鲜竹沥被中医誉为“痰家圣剂”,具有清热化痰、开窍定惊等作用,临床上主要用于治疗痰热咳嗽、痰黄气促、中风痰盛等证。其炮制工艺及质量标准的研究是实现其工艺现代化和质量标准化的关键。笔者在文献调研基础上,对鲜竹沥进行本草考证,梳理鲜竹沥的药用历史沿革,对比其传统与现代制备工艺的优缺点。基于历史文献记载,提出鲜竹沥传统及现代炮制工艺尚存在诸多问题,传统工艺产量低、生产工艺较为粗放,不能满足大规模绿色制造的需求。目前关于鲜竹沥基原、品种及炮制工艺对比研究的文献较多,但大多仅限于化学成分方面,未对其药效物质基础及作用机制进行深入研究,同时鲜竹沥的药理药效也多限于镇咳祛痰方面,鲜有其他药理药效的相关报道。综上分析,建议后续研究工作可从5个方面进行：①正本清源,丰富和完善鲜竹沥的用药资源;②规范鲜竹沥的炮制工艺,建立相关质量标准体系;③阐明鲜竹沥药理作用机制,加强鲜竹沥的药理药效及临床应用的基础研究;④传承古法炮制,研究开发鲜竹沥专用制造设备,规范生产操作规程;⑤对制备过程中的副产物进行综合利用。     

阴道滴虫与宫颈HR-HPV 感染及宫颈癌发生的相关性

 目的 探讨阴道滴虫是否能增加高危人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）感染和宫颈癌发生的危险。方法 对受检者进行液基细胞学检查和HR-HPV DNA检测，并在细胞学诊断中记录是否存在滴虫。对所有细胞学诊断非典型鳞状细胞（ASC）及以上病变、HR-HPV DNA阳性病例和部分细胞学阴性及HR-HPV DNA阴性病例进行阴道镜检查及活检。分别比较滴虫在HR-HPV DNA阳性组和阴性组、细胞学及组织学各级诊断中的存在率。结果 在13024例受检者中有1687例（12．95％）涂片中有滴虫。滴虫存在率在HR-HPV DNA阳性组与阴性组中无显著统计学差异（P〉0．05），在细胞学阴性病例组显著高于鳞状上皮内病变组（P〈0．05），在组织学阴性病例组显著高于在≥CIN2病例组（P〈0．05）。结论 滴虫的存在不增加HR-HPV感染率，也不增加宫颈癌发生的危险。     

子宫颈腺癌石蜡包埋组织中人类乳头状瘤病毒型别分布及其与患者年龄的关系

 【摘要】　目的　探讨子宫颈腺癌中人类乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）的分布情况及HPV感染与患者年龄的关系。方法　采用描述流行病学研究设计,纳入32例来自一项多中心临床研究的经病理确诊的子宫颈腺癌患者的标本。采用三明治技术进行石蜡包埋组织的切片,SPF10-PCR技术进行DNA扩增,使用反向杂交线型探针检测技术（LiPA）进行HPV分型;对所有切片进行病理阅片和诊断,分析确诊为子宫颈腺癌标本的HPV分布情况,并行统计学分析。结果　32例腺癌患者中,HPV阳性率为53.1 %（17／32）。HPV-18为最主要HPV型别,占HPV阳性患者的47.4 %（8／17）,其次为HPV-16,占HPV阳性患者的26.3 %（5／17）。检测到的其他型别为HPV-39、HPV-45和HPV-66;多重感染者1例（HPV-18和HPV-66）。HPV-16与HPV-18相比,其阳性的腺癌患者平均年龄分别为48.6和40.6岁,差异有统计学意义（P＝0.048）。采用<50岁以及≥50岁作为年龄分组,HPV任意型别阳性率在两个年龄组中的差异无统计学意义（P＝0.074）。HPV-18在两个年龄组的腺癌患者和HPV阳性腺癌患者中的分布均差异有统计学意义（P＝0.003、P＝0.029）。HPV-16在两个年龄组腺癌患者中和在HPV阳性的腺癌患者中的分布差异无统计学意义（P＝1、P＝0.6）。HPV-16和（或）HPV-18感染在两个年龄组HPV阳性腺癌患者中的阳性率差异无统计学意义（P＝0.052）,但在全部腺癌患者两个年龄组中阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＝0.005）。结论　HPV-18和HPV-16是子宫颈腺癌中最主要分布的两种HPV型别。HPV阳性尤其HPV-18阳性在年轻的腺癌患者中更为常见。HPV-16阳性较HPV-18阳性在年龄较大的妇女中更为常见。     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒载量与子宫颈病变的关系

Objective To determine the association between viral load of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods Cervical exfoliated cells were collected from 18 186 women aged 17 -59 from six urban areas and eight rural areas when they were screened in the cross-sectional population-based studies from 1999 to 2008. HR-HPV was detected by the Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2) system, and viral load was measured by the ratio of relative light units to standard positive control (RLU/PC). RLU/PC was categorized for analysis into four groups: negative [0, 1.00),low viral load [1.0, 10.00), moderate viral load [10.00, 100.00), and high viral load 100. 00. Cervical lesions were diagnosed by biopsies as normal, CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 and squamous cervical cancer (SCC). Association between HR-HPV viral load and CIN was evaluated by unconditional multinomial logistic regression. Results The HR-HPV infection rate of the population was 14. 51% (2515/17 334). 100. 00% (29/29) of SCC,97. 63% (206/211) of CIN 3,93.43% (199/213) of CIN 2,75.04% (421/ 561) of CIN 1 and 10. 17% (1660/16 320) of normal women were positive for HR-HPV DNA. The median RLUs for the HR-HPV positive women with SCC,CIN 3,CIN 2,CIN I and normal were 320. 85,158. 05, 143. 70,125.34 and 9. 64, respectively. There were significant differences among the distributions of viral loads in each lesion (X2=6190. 40,P<0. 01). The severity of CIN increased with the viral load (X2=5493. 35 ,P<0. 01). Compared with the risks of CINs in HR-HPV negative population,the risks of CINs in low,moderate and high viral loads were increased gradually [OR(95% CI) : CIN 1 : 9. 01 (6. 31 -12. 87), 24.96(18.23 -34. 17) and 68.42(51.40 -91.08); CIN 2:26.44(12.07 -57.95),98. 53 (49. 54 -195.98) and 322. 88(168.62 -618. 27) ; CIN 3 + : 72. 89(24.02 -221.18) ; 343. 58(121.81 -969.09) Was 3115.05,2413.95 and 3098.57, respectively. P<0.01) . In each age group of the HR-HPV positive population,the risks of CIN 2 + in the women with moderate or high viral load were higher than the one with low viral load [OR(95%CI):<35: 4. 71(1.23-18.09) and 15.06(4.40-51.49); 35-: 4.01 (1.62-9.90) and 14.09(6. 15 -32.28); 40-: 3.06(1.52 -6. 16) and 7.78(4.05 -14.95); ≥45: 3. 50(1.36 -9. 01) and 7. 57 (3. 13 -18. 30)], and there was a positive correlation between the risk of CIN 2 + and the viral load (Xtrend2was 51. 33,66. 28,53. 64 and 51.00,respectively. P<0. 01). The risk of CIN 2 + was highest among the women aged 40 -with high viral load [0R(95% CI):2.02 (1.15 -3. 52)]. Conclusion There is strong correlation between the HR-HPV viral load and the severity of CIN, and so is the correlation between the HR-HPV viral load and the risk of CIN 2 +. A moderate to high viral load of HR-HPV should be the major risk factor for the cervical cancer and CIN 2 and CIN 3,and there is a higher risk in the women aged 35 or older than the younger ones. Considering both the age and viral load could help the doctors to manage the screening women more effectively.     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒载量与子宫颈病变的关系

Objective To determine the association between viral load of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods Cervical exfoliated cells were collected from 18 186 women aged 17 -59 from six urban areas and eight rural areas when they were screened in the cross-sectional population-based studies from 1999 to 2008. HR-HPV was detected by the Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2) system, and viral load was measured by the ratio of relative light units to standard positive control (RLU/PC). RLU/PC was categorized for analysis into four groups: negative [0, 1.00),low viral load [1.0, 10.00), moderate viral load [10.00, 100.00), and high viral load 100. 00. Cervical lesions were diagnosed by biopsies as normal, CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 and squamous cervical cancer (SCC). Association between HR-HPV viral load and CIN was evaluated by unconditional multinomial logistic regression. Results The HR-HPV infection rate of the population was 14. 51% (2515/17 334). 100. 00% (29/29) of SCC,97. 63% (206/211) of CIN 3,93.43% (199/213) of CIN 2,75.04% (421/ 561) of CIN 1 and 10. 17% (1660/16 320) of normal women were positive for HR-HPV DNA. The median RLUs for the HR-HPV positive women with SCC,CIN 3,CIN 2,CIN I and normal were 320. 85,158. 05, 143. 70,125.34 and 9. 64, respectively. There were significant differences among the distributions of viral loads in each lesion (X2=6190. 40,P<0. 01). The severity of CIN increased with the viral load (X2=5493. 35 ,P<0. 01). Compared with the risks of CINs in HR-HPV negative population,the risks of CINs in low,moderate and high viral loads were increased gradually [OR(95% CI) : CIN 1 : 9. 01 (6. 31 -12. 87), 24.96(18.23 -34. 17) and 68.42(51.40 -91.08); CIN 2:26.44(12.07 -57.95),98. 53 (49. 54 -195.98) and 322. 88(168.62 -618. 27) ; CIN 3 + : 72. 89(24.02 -221.18) ; 343. 58(121.81 -969.09) Was 3115.05,2413.95 and 3098.57, respectively. P<0.01) . In each age group of the HR-HPV positive population,the risks of CIN 2 + in the women with moderate or high viral load were higher than the one with low viral load [OR(95%CI):<35: 4. 71(1.23-18.09) and 15.06(4.40-51.49); 35-: 4.01 (1.62-9.90) and 14.09(6. 15 -32.28); 40-: 3.06(1.52 -6. 16) and 7.78(4.05 -14.95); ≥45: 3. 50(1.36 -9. 01) and 7. 57 (3. 13 -18. 30)], and there was a positive correlation between the risk of CIN 2 + and the viral load (Xtrend2was 51. 33,66. 28,53. 64 and 51.00,respectively. P<0. 01). The risk of CIN 2 + was highest among the women aged 40 -with high viral load [0R(95% CI):2.02 (1.15 -3. 52)]. Conclusion There is strong correlation between the HR-HPV viral load and the severity of CIN, and so is the correlation between the HR-HPV viral load and the risk of CIN 2 +. A moderate to high viral load of HR-HPV should be the major risk factor for the cervical cancer and CIN 2 and CIN 3,and there is a higher risk in the women aged 35 or older than the younger ones. Considering both the age and viral load could help the doctors to manage the screening women more effectively.     

男性假两性畸形合并精原细胞瘤1例

患者，40岁，已婚，原发闭经，未生育。因盆腔肿物在外院行“双侧附件＋大网膜切除术”，术后3个月来我院复查。体检：女性体态，四肢发育正常，无胡须，喉结不突出，腋毛稀少，乳腺发育正常。妇科检查：女性外阴，阴毛稀少，阴蒂不大．阴道短小。术中见右“卵巢”肿物13cm×10cm×9cm，左“卵巢”大小3cm×2．5cm×2cm，未见子宫。术前外院外周血激素资料不详。其父母非近亲结婚，[第一段]     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒载量与子宫颈病变的关系

Objective To determine the association between viral load of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods Cervical exfoliated cells were collected from 18 186 women aged 17 -59 from six urban areas and eight rural areas when they were screened in the cross-sectional population-based studies from 1999 to 2008. HR-HPV was detected by the Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2) system, and viral load was measured by the ratio of relative light units to standard positive control (RLU/PC). RLU/PC was categorized for analysis into four groups: negative [0, 1.00),low viral load [1.0, 10.00), moderate viral load [10.00, 100.00), and high viral load 100. 00. Cervical lesions were diagnosed by biopsies as normal, CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 and squamous cervical cancer (SCC). Association between HR-HPV viral load and CIN was evaluated by unconditional multinomial logistic regression. Results The HR-HPV infection rate of the population was 14. 51% (2515/17 334). 100. 00% (29/29) of SCC,97. 63% (206/211) of CIN 3,93.43% (199/213) of CIN 2,75.04% (421/ 561) of CIN 1 and 10. 17% (1660/16 320) of normal women were positive for HR-HPV DNA. The median RLUs for the HR-HPV positive women with SCC,CIN 3,CIN 2,CIN I and normal were 320. 85,158. 05, 143. 70,125.34 and 9. 64, respectively. There were significant differences among the distributions of viral loads in each lesion (X2=6190. 40,P<0. 01). The severity of CIN increased with the viral load (X2=5493. 35 ,P<0. 01). Compared with the risks of CINs in HR-HPV negative population,the risks of CINs in low,moderate and high viral loads were increased gradually [OR(95% CI) : CIN 1 : 9. 01 (6. 31 -12. 87), 24.96(18.23 -34. 17) and 68.42(51.40 -91.08); CIN 2:26.44(12.07 -57.95),98. 53 (49. 54 -195.98) and 322. 88(168.62 -618. 27) ; CIN 3 + : 72. 89(24.02 -221.18) ; 343. 58(121.81 -969.09) Was 3115.05,2413.95 and 3098.57, respectively. P<0.01) . In each age group of the HR-HPV positive population,the risks of CIN 2 + in the women with moderate or high viral load were higher than the one with low viral load [OR(95%CI):<35: 4. 71(1.23-18.09) and 15.06(4.40-51.49); 35-: 4.01 (1.62-9.90) and 14.09(6. 15 -32.28); 40-: 3.06(1.52 -6. 16) and 7.78(4.05 -14.95); ≥45: 3. 50(1.36 -9. 01) and 7. 57 (3. 13 -18. 30)], and there was a positive correlation between the risk of CIN 2 + and the viral load (Xtrend2was 51. 33,66. 28,53. 64 and 51.00,respectively. P<0. 01). The risk of CIN 2 + was highest among the women aged 40 -with high viral load [0R(95% CI):2.02 (1.15 -3. 52)]. Conclusion There is strong correlation between the HR-HPV viral load and the severity of CIN, and so is the correlation between the HR-HPV viral load and the risk of CIN 2 +. A moderate to high viral load of HR-HPV should be the major risk factor for the cervical cancer and CIN 2 and CIN 3,and there is a higher risk in the women aged 35 or older than the younger ones. Considering both the age and viral load could help the doctors to manage the screening women more effectively.     

宫颈癌即时筛查技术效果评价

目的:分析即时检测（POCT）技术筛查宫颈癌及癌前病变的准确性。方法:2020年9月,在山西省襄垣县建立的“自我采样”队列和“医生采样”队列中,采用简单随机抽样的方法从两队列人群中抽取研究对象,分别纳入197和273名。由研究对象自己或妇科医生分别采集宫颈脱落细胞标本并进行检测,采用POCT检测人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）...