铁调节蛋白2基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病及血管性痴呆的相关分析

Objective To evaluate the association of 2616c/T polymorphism in iron regulatory protein 2(IRP2)gene with Alzheimer disease(AD)and Vascular dementia(VD).Methods In this study,281 patients with AD,60 with VD,and 285 normal aged were recruited.The 2616C/T polymorphism in IRP2 gene was analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.And the cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE).Results (1)No significant difieFences were demonstrated in IRP2 genotype or allele frequencies between AD patients and controls(χ2=2.46,P=0.292;χ2=2.17,P=0.141 respectively).However,when AD patients were stratified by disease severity.the frequency of T allele carriers in the moderate to severe AD patients was 78.0%,significantly higher than that in controls(69.8%;χ2=4.106,P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the age-,sex-and ApoE-adiusted OR of modcrate to severe AD patient with T allele was 1.62(95% CI=1.03-2.54).The frequency of T allele carriers or T allele in VD patients was higher than that of controls,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).(2)The frequency of tit genotype or T allele in the moderate to severe AD patients was significantly higher than that in mild AD patients(25.8%vs.12.5%,χ2=5.477,P＜0.05;51.9%vs.40.3%,χ2=5.803,P＜0.05 respectively).(3)MMSE scores of the AD patients with TT genotype was significantly lower than ones with CC or CT genotype(P=0.028;P=0.014 respectively).Conclusion The 2616C/T polymorphism in the IRP2 gene is possibly associated with moderate to severe AD.but not associated with VD.And the TT genotype may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment of patients with AD in Chinese Han.     

铁调节蛋白2基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病及血管性痴呆的相关分析

Objective To evaluate the association of 2616c/T polymorphism in iron regulatory protein 2(IRP2)gene with Alzheimer disease(AD)and Vascular dementia(VD).Methods In this study,281 patients with AD,60 with VD,and 285 normal aged were recruited.The 2616C/T polymorphism in IRP2 gene was analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.And the cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE).Results (1)No significant difieFences were demonstrated in IRP2 genotype or allele frequencies between AD patients and controls(χ2=2.46,P=0.292;χ2=2.17,P=0.141 respectively).However,when AD patients were stratified by disease severity.the frequency of T allele carriers in the moderate to severe AD patients was 78.0%,significantly higher than that in controls(69.8%;χ2=4.106,P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the age-,sex-and ApoE-adiusted OR of modcrate to severe AD patient with T allele was 1.62(95% CI=1.03-2.54).The frequency of T allele carriers or T allele in VD patients was higher than that of controls,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).(2)The frequency of tit genotype or T allele in the moderate to severe AD patients was significantly higher than that in mild AD patients(25.8%vs.12.5%,χ2=5.477,P＜0.05;51.9%vs.40.3%,χ2=5.803,P＜0.05 respectively).(3)MMSE scores of the AD patients with TT genotype was significantly lower than ones with CC or CT genotype(P=0.028;P=0.014 respectively).Conclusion The 2616C/T polymorphism in the IRP2 gene is possibly associated with moderate to severe AD.but not associated with VD.And the TT genotype may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment of patients with AD in Chinese Han.     

关于《中国药典》2000年版(一部)含朱砂(兼含雄黄)成方制剂问题的讨论

国际上对药物的重金属含量有严格限制,中药因重金属超标在出口外销时遇到抵制众所周知。然而,《中国药典》收载含朱砂(主成分硫化汞含量超过90 % )成方制剂品种数量却逐渐增加,到2 0 0 0年版达45个之多。本文试就这45个含朱砂成方制剂的有关问题进行讨论,旨在抛砖引玉,引起广泛重视,并为新版药典的修订提供参考。1　含朱砂成方制剂概况拟讨论的有关问题的主要资料和建议见表1。2　讨论与建议2 1　45种含朱砂的成方制剂是否都需....     

PBL教学法在儿童口腔医学教学中的应用

为了提高儿童口腔教学的质量,引入了以问题为基础的教学法(Problem-based learning,PBL), 对上海交通大学口腔医学院08 级和09 级口腔专业本科阶段学生开展儿童口腔科学PBL 教学,采用问卷的方法进行结果评价。PBL 教学在一定程度上提高了学生的自主性和综合思考能力, 可以在儿童口腔教学中推广应用。     

虚拟现实技术在口腔实训实践教学中的应用

目的 探索虚拟现实技术应用于口腔实训教学中的实践效果。方法 选择上海交通大学口腔医学院72名学生,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组36名,实验组采用将虚拟现实技术应用于口腔实训教学,对照组采用传统教学方法,课程结束后,比较2组学生的操作技能成绩和理论成绩,问卷调查评估实验组学生对虚拟现实技术应用于教学的评价。结果 实验组学生的操作技能和掌握知识要点显著优于对照组,虚拟现实技术应用在口腔实训中,学生学习能力明显提高。结论 虚拟现实技术运用于口腔实训教学中能加深学生的认知程度,从而提升教学质量,加快教育教学方式朝高度现代化发展。     

传统中药朱砂应用概况及其安全性

朱砂作为传统中药已有2000多年历史，1963年至2005年《中国药典》各版均予收载。朱砂主要用于治疗心悸易惊、失眠多梦、癫痫发狂、小儿惊风、视物昏花、口疮、喉痹和疮疡肿毒等。近年研究证明，朱砂具有镇静催眠、抗惊厥、抗心律失常、抗菌、抗寄生虫等作用。《中国药典》规定朱砂的日用剂量为0．1～0．5g。但据不完全统计，目前约有170多种朱砂制剂中的朱砂用量超过上述剂量。朱砂的主要成分为硫化汞（HgS），其毒性很小；但大剂量或长期服用可引起急、慢性中毒，这可能与朱砂含有游离汞和可溶性汞盐有关。朱砂所致中毒表现为口腔黏膜溃疡、急性胃肠炎、神经和肾功能损害、循环衰竭，甚至死亡。作者认为对朱砂临床应用的利弊有待对朱砂及其制剂的有效性和安全性作深入研究的基础上再作科学评价。     

从制备方法看中药注射剂

常用中药剂型的制法,当属注射剂技术要求最高、研制难度最大、存在问题最多。笔者针对中药注射剂的药物组成已发表了文章[1],现进一步讨论其制法的相关问题。1中药注射剂制法概况笔者仅从1985年我国《药品管理法》颁布执行以来,经国家正式批准纳入《卫生部药品标准·中药成方制剂》(第1~20册)、国家药品监督管理局《国家中成药标准汇编》(13册)、《新药转正标准》(1~44册)和《中国药典》2005年版一部收载的目前仍在生产使用的10....     

对编写《中国药典》2005年版一部的建议(一)

在“突出特色,立足提高”原则指导下编写的《中国药典》2 0 0 0年版一部(简称《中国药典》) ,确实于突出中医药特色,大幅度提高中药现代化水平方面取得长足进展,可喜可贺。作为代表国家水平且具法典性质的药典,其编写是项复杂的系统工程,特别是国外尚无同类药典可资借鉴,操作起来难度更大。为使药典日臻完善,本文从临床角度提若干意见,供编写新版药典参考。1　关于功能与主治对药物功能与主治的表述,是极具鲜明中医药学特色的内....     

传统中药雄黄应用概况及其安全性

雄黄作为传统中药已有2000余年历史，并为1963年至2005年的各版《中国药典》收载。雄黄主要用于治疗蛇虫咬伤、虫积腹痛、惊痫及疟疾。近年研究表明，雄黄有抗菌、镇痛消炎和提高机体免疫力的作用；雄黄制剂能有效治疗白血病。雄黄的剂量为0．05-0．1g／d。实际上，据不完全统计，约有66种雄黄制剂的常用量超过《中国药典》规定。雄黄的主要成分为二硫化二砷（As2S2）。尽管二硫化二砷的毒性较小，但雄黄大量长期应用可引起急、慢性中毒，这可能与其所含可溶性三氧化二砷（As2O3）有关。雄黄所致严重不良反应有出血、肝肾衰竭、呼吸中枢麻痹，甚至死亡。作者认为，雄黄临床应用的利弊应在对雄黄及其制剂的有效性和安全性作深入调查研究的基础上再进行科学评价。     

抑郁症与血管紧张素转化酶基因多态性的关联研究

目的 探讨单相抑郁症、双相抑郁症患者血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)基因第16内含子中287bp插入/缺失(I/D)多态的分布,以及ACE基因多态与抑郁症的关联性.方法 以100例抑郁症患者和100例正常对照组为对象进行病例对照研究,采用PCR检测ACE基因I/D多态性.结果 该多态位点的基因型在抑郁症组和正常对照组之间总体分布差异无显著性(P＞0.05),两组间等位基因差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 ACE基因I/D多态性与抑郁症不存在关联.