椎弓根钉固定的侧后方植骨融合和径后路椎体间融合治疗老年人腰椎滑脱症的效果评价

Objective Clinical and radiographic results in 30 consecutive patients undergoing posterior lumbar fixation and posterior facet joint or posterior interbody fusion for Meyerding Grade Ⅱ/Ⅲ spendylolisthesis were assessed: (1) to address the suitability of a dynamic stabilization; and (2) to investigate whether there are differences in terms of clinical and functional results between these two types of arthrodesis. Methods Fourteen patients underwent posterior inteffacet fusion (PLF) and implantation of TSRH-3D system. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and placement of the same system were performed in 16 patients. Clinical, economic, functional and radiographic data were recorded both pre- and postoperatively. Results The average changes in Prolo Scale of economic and functional scores were 1.25 and 1.64 respectively, in patients undergoing posterior fusion; the average measured vertebral slippage was 48.6% (range 32% -65%) preoperatively and 17. 5% (range 15% -25%) postoperatively. In patients undergoing PLIF, the average changes in economic and functional score were 1.18 and 1.39 respectively, and the average preoperative vertebral slippage was 44. 2% (range 30% - 55%) versus 20. 3% (range 18% -26%) postoperatively. Conclusion The use of a segmental pedicle screw fixation with TSRH-3D was able to successfully combine the goal of solid fusion with the requirements of nerve root decompression. When these two fusion techniques were compared, PLIF was superior to PLF because of an overall superior reliability and system resistance. But their clinical outcomes did not differ greatly (P > 0. 05).     

骨髓间充质干细胞透明质酸钠溶液修复大鼠早期退变椎间盘的作用

目的研究无外源性生长因子及细胞支架的作用下，应用体外培养传代的骨髓间充质干细胞（bonemesenchymal stem cells，BMSCs）与透明质酸钠混合溶液修复大鼠早期退变椎间盘的作用。方法取同种基因大鼠的BMSCs，通过贴壁法培养传代，与医用透明质酸钠混合配制。10只SD大鼠，尾椎上取相邻3个椎间盘，由近端至远端设为细胞植入组、椎间盘退变组、正常对照组。分别于细胞植入组、椎间盘退变组建立退变模型。1周后，细胞植入组注射BMSCs与透明质酸钠溶液。3周后，X线片比较椎间盘高度指数（discheightin-dex，DHI），组织病理学方法行病理观测并评分，RT-PCR测定Ⅱ型胶原和聚集蛋白聚糖的mRNA表达。结果细胞植入组的DHI值与椎间盘退变组相比无明显改善且远低于对照组。病理切片结果提示植入组髓核纤维环的形态得到保留，髓核纤维环边界清晰，细胞产生增殖分裂，其病理学评分明显高于椎间盘退变组。RT-PCR结果提示细胞植入组Ⅱ型胶原和聚集蛋白聚糖的mRNA表达水平较椎间盘退变组明显提高。结论在椎间盘退变早期植入BMSCs与透明质酸溶液可以延缓椎间盘的退变，而不需要外源性细胞因子和三维支架的作用。     

椎弓根钉固定的侧后方植骨融合和径后路椎体间融合治疗老年人腰椎滑脱症的效果评价

Objective Clinical and radiographic results in 30 consecutive patients undergoing posterior lumbar fixation and posterior facet joint or posterior interbody fusion for Meyerding Grade Ⅱ/Ⅲ spendylolisthesis were assessed: (1) to address the suitability of a dynamic stabilization; and (2) to investigate whether there are differences in terms of clinical and functional results between these two types of arthrodesis. Methods Fourteen patients underwent posterior inteffacet fusion (PLF) and implantation of TSRH-3D system. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and placement of the same system were performed in 16 patients. Clinical, economic, functional and radiographic data were recorded both pre- and postoperatively. Results The average changes in Prolo Scale of economic and functional scores were 1.25 and 1.64 respectively, in patients undergoing posterior fusion; the average measured vertebral slippage was 48.6% (range 32% -65%) preoperatively and 17. 5% (range 15% -25%) postoperatively. In patients undergoing PLIF, the average changes in economic and functional score were 1.18 and 1.39 respectively, and the average preoperative vertebral slippage was 44. 2% (range 30% - 55%) versus 20. 3% (range 18% -26%) postoperatively. Conclusion The use of a segmental pedicle screw fixation with TSRH-3D was able to successfully combine the goal of solid fusion with the requirements of nerve root decompression. When these two fusion techniques were compared, PLIF was superior to PLF because of an overall superior reliability and system resistance. But their clinical outcomes did not differ greatly (P > 0. 05).     

老年人腰椎退变性侧凸症手术治疗的临床分析

[目的] 探讨65岁以上老年人腰椎退变性侧凸症手术治疗的可靠性、手术方法及术后效果.[方法]回顾性分析自2004年9月～2008年4月经手术治疗的64例退变性脊柱侧弯的矫正效果、并发症和随访结果.其病程6～120个月,平均45.2个月.对Cobb' s角<20°的23例患者,行选择性椎管或神经根管减压,经后路椎体间融合,短节段椎弓根钉棒系统固定;对Cobb' s角>20°的42例患者,行椎管减压,长节段固定侧弯矫正,后路椎体间融合及后外侧自体骨植骨融合术.[结果]全组病例术后平均侧弯矫正率为51.2%,疼痛缓解率88.3%,92%患者自诉生活质量得到明显改善,恢复了生活自理能力.平均随访37个月(6～48个月),随访期间矫正度数及椎间隙高度无丢失,融合器无移位.[结论]老年人腰椎退变性侧凸症的手术治疗应严格掌握手术适应证,充分减压,最大限度重建脊柱在冠状面和矢状面的平衡.老年患者病程长、往往伴随多器官疾病,应注意将手术创伤减少到最低程度,术后积极加强功能锻炼.     

下尺桡关节不稳诊断和治疗进展

下尺桡关节不稳如何处理是目前骨科和手外科医生非常关注的问题.下尺桡关节属滑车关节,关节面不完全匹配,需要韧带和肌肉等软组织结构维持其稳定性.下尺桡关节不稳的总类繁多,诊断和治疗方法复杂,疗效不确切.诊断上可经X线摄片、CT明确骨性损伤,经MRI、关节镜等明确软组织,特别是TFCC损伤.对急性下尺桡关节不稳,大部分可采用保守治疗;对TFCC损伤,可采用手术切开或关节镜治疗;对伴有尺骨茎突骨折的桡骨远端骨折不稳,可使用张力带钢丝固定治疗;对慢性下尺桡关节不稳,可采用软组织重建术;对尺骨头缺失所致不稳,可采用人工关节置换术.     

椎弓根钉固定的侧后方植骨融合和径后路椎体间融合治疗老年人腰椎滑脱症的效果评价

目的 观察应用椎弓根螺钉内固定技术,并分别结合侧后方融合(PLF)和经后路椎体间融合(PLY)两种方法 治疗老年人腰椎滑脱症的临床效果.方法 应用枢法模公司生产的TSRH-3D腰椎后路内固定系统治疗30例腰椎滑脱症患者,其中14例患者实施TSRH-3D内固定加侧后方植骨融合(PLF);16例患者行TSBH-3D内固定加经后路椎体问融合(PLIF),进行术前术后功能、症状评分.结果 30例患者均达到良好的融合效果;实施PLF患者,Prolo功能和症状评分分别为1.25和1.64;术前腰椎滑脱角为48.6%,术后恢复至17.5%.实施PLIF患者,Prolo功能和症状评分分别为1.18和1.39;术前腰椎滑脱角为44.2%,术后恢复至20.3%.结论 治疗成人腰椎滑脱症,应用TSBH-3D腰椎后路内固定系统可以获得牢固稳定,在保持腰椎术后功能恢复方面,PLIF优于PLF,但临床结果 尚无明显差异.     

肩胛骨骨折与其合并伤关系的探讨

目的 分析115例肩胛骨骨折病例的临床资料,探讨肩胛骨骨折粉碎程度和涉及部位与合并伤之间的关系.方法 回顾性分析2006年8月至2008年3月115例肩胛骨骨折患者的病史及其影像学资料,分为单部分骨折组(83例)和多部分骨折组(32例),比较两组合并伤的发生率及特点.将单部分肩胛骨骨折组按Nordqvist与Petersson方法分成3组:肌肉覆盖部分(64例)、骨突起部分(11例)及肩胛盂部分(8例),并比较3组合并伤的发生率及特点.结果 绝大部分肩胛骨骨折是严重多发伤的一部分,致伤原因与高能量损伤有关.最常见的致伤原因是车祸伤(70.4%).损伤严重程度评分值(injury severity Scale,ISS)平均14.0,42例(36.5%)患者ISS>16.98例(85.2%)患者伴有不同程度和类型的合并伤,其中又以胸部合并伤的发生率最高(85/115,73.9%).多部分肩胛骨骨折组胸部简明损伤定级法评分值(abbreviated injury score,AIS)和总体ISS值均高于单部分肩胛骨骨折组.在单部分肩胛骨骨折组中,肌肉覆盖部骨折组较骨突起部和肩胛盂部骨折组的胸部AIS值和总体ISS值更高.结论 肩胛骨骨折尤其是骨折涉及多部分或肌肉覆盖部时更容易并发严重的胸部损伤.多部分肩胛骨骨折致伤原因多为高能量损伤,常伴发严重的胸部合并伤,可作为胸部严重损伤存在的一项骨性指标.     

不同类型齿状突骨折的治疗方法及临床效果评价

目的 探讨不同类型齿状突骨折的相应治疗方法 及临床效果. 方法 对21例齿状突骨折患者根据Anderson-D'Alonzo分型进行分类,并予以不同方法 治疗:Ⅰ型骨折3例行枕颌带牵引+6周后头领胸石膏固定;Ⅱ型骨折13例行颅骨牵引复位后,齿状突中空螺钉固定;Ⅲ型骨折5例,行颅骨牵引复位后,1例行齿状突中空螺钉固定,4例行颈后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定.结果 随访6～48个月,平均9个月,骨折均获骨性愈合,未出现术后并发症. 结论 齿状突骨折应按类型区别处理,Ⅰ型骨折、深Ⅲ型骨折应当采用保守疗法,Ⅱ型及浅Ⅲ型骨折使用齿状突中空螺钉同定术治疗可获得满意效果,对于不适合齿状突中空螺钉治疗的浅Ⅲ型骨折,可选用颈后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定术.     

椎弓根钉固定的侧后方植骨融合和径后路椎体间融合治疗老年人腰椎滑脱症的效果评价

Objective Clinical and radiographic results in 30 consecutive patients undergoing posterior lumbar fixation and posterior facet joint or posterior interbody fusion for Meyerding Grade Ⅱ/Ⅲ spendylolisthesis were assessed: (1) to address the suitability of a dynamic stabilization; and (2) to investigate whether there are differences in terms of clinical and functional results between these two types of arthrodesis. Methods Fourteen patients underwent posterior inteffacet fusion (PLF) and implantation of TSRH-3D system. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and placement of the same system were performed in 16 patients. Clinical, economic, functional and radiographic data were recorded both pre- and postoperatively. Results The average changes in Prolo Scale of economic and functional scores were 1.25 and 1.64 respectively, in patients undergoing posterior fusion; the average measured vertebral slippage was 48.6% (range 32% -65%) preoperatively and 17. 5% (range 15% -25%) postoperatively. In patients undergoing PLIF, the average changes in economic and functional score were 1.18 and 1.39 respectively, and the average preoperative vertebral slippage was 44. 2% (range 30% - 55%) versus 20. 3% (range 18% -26%) postoperatively. Conclusion The use of a segmental pedicle screw fixation with TSRH-3D was able to successfully combine the goal of solid fusion with the requirements of nerve root decompression. When these two fusion techniques were compared, PLIF was superior to PLF because of an overall superior reliability and system resistance. But their clinical outcomes did not differ greatly (P > 0. 05).