CD2相关蛋白在肾脏固有细胞中的表达及分布

CD2相关蛋白（CD2AP）是与蛋白尿发生密切相关的足细胞分子。近年研究表明，CD2AP不仅是足细胞足突间裂孔隔膜的重要成分，而且还参与细胞骨架的重构，可能参与细胞许多重要的生理功能。本研究通过观察CD2AP在。肾脏固有细胞中的分布及其在足细胞分化中的分布变化，初步探讨其在足细胞中的生理功能。     

氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾组织TLR4表达的影响

目的观察氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾组织TOLL样受体4（TLR4）表达的影响。方法采用链脲佐菌素（STZ，65mg·kg^-1）腹腔注射建立糖尿病大鼠模型，将其分为对照组、模型组、治疗组。治疗组在造模成功后1周给予氯沙坦20mg·kg^-1灌胃。12周后测3组24h尿蛋白、血肌酐、肾重／体重、血CRP及TNF-α水平；观察肾脏病理形态学变化；应用免疫组化法检测肾组织TLR4、核因子-κB（NF-κB）的蛋白表达。结果模型组24h尿蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮、肾重／体重明显升高，肾小球肥大、细胞增生，PAS阳性物质沉积增多。血CRP、TNF-α含量及肾组织TLR4、NF-κB的蛋白表达上调。经氯沙坦治疗后，血CRP、TNF-α含量下降，TLR4、NF-κB的表达下调。结论氯沙坦对糖尿病肾病具有保护作用，其作用机制可能是通过下调NF-κB、TLR4的表达，降低血浆CRP、TNF-α含量来实现的。     

肝细胞生长因子与急性肾衰竭

肝细胞生长因子 (HGF)是一种高效的多效性因子 ,对多种器官的不同类型细胞均有多种生物学作用。HGF对于肾脏的发生、形成、修复及肾脏病理过程有重要作用 ,在急性肾衰竭 (ARF)时HGF具有促进肾小管修复及肾脏再生 ,降低死亡率 ,缩短病程的作用 ;在各种慢性肾脏疾病的发生发展中具有重要的调节作用。     

SGK1在糖尿病小鼠肾脏皮质中时间差异性表达及意义

目的：研究血清和糖皮质激素诱导的蛋白激酶1（serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1,SGK1）在糖尿病（DM）小鼠肾脏皮质中时间上差异性表达及意义。方法: 采用链脲佐菌素（STZ）单次腹腔注射诱导小鼠糖尿病模型。将2月龄C57BL/6小鼠随机分成10组：第1、2、3、4、6、8、12周糖尿病小鼠组（DM₁、DM₂、DM₃、DM₄、DM₆、DM₈、DM₁₂）和相应的第1、4、8周正常对照组（N₁、N₄、N₈）。分别在DM模型制作成功后第1、2、3、4、6、8、12周末收集小鼠24 h尿量，检测24 h尿蛋白量；观察肾脏病理改变；半定量RT-PCR检测小鼠肾脏皮质SGK1及结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）mRNA的表达，Western blotting检测N₄、DM₄、DM₈组皮质SGK1、CTGF蛋白的表达。结果: 随着糖尿病病程的进展，DM组小鼠肾小球体积逐渐增大、系膜区逐渐增宽；DM组小鼠24h尿蛋白从第2周起开始逐渐增多，肾脏皮质SGK1 mRNA表达从第2周开始明显上调，在第４周达到峰值。CTGF随着糖尿病病程的进展表达逐渐递增。结论: SGK1在糖尿病早期肾脏表达峰值的出现及CTGF 持续递增的表达，提示SGK1在糖尿病肾病肾脏纤维化的发生发展过程中起重要作用。     

Expression and Significance of Toll-like Receptor 2, 4 of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Acute Abdomen Patients Associated with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

The changes of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 4 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the acute abdomen patients associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and their potential significance were explored. A clinical study was performed on 103 acute abdomen patients in whom 65 were associated with SIRS. Forty healthy individuals served as normal controls. The mRNA expression of TLR2, 4 was detected by RT-PCR, and the expression of TNF-αand EL-6 by ELISA. The level of plasma endotoxin, hospital stay and mortality were measured. It was found that the endotoxin level was increased to varying degrees in all the acute abdomen patients, and the endotoxin level was and hospital stay longer in SIRS group than in non-SIRS group (P<0.01). TLR2 mRNA, TLR4 mRNA, IL-6 and TNF-αcould be detected with low value in normal controls, but they were up-regulated markedly on the 1st day after admission. Then TLR4 mRNA, IL-6 and TNF-αwere decreased gradually, but TLR2 mRNA maintained at a high level till the 5th day. These indexes above in SIRS group were higher than those in non-SIRS group (P<0.01). The results of correlation analysis revealed the expression of TLR2, 4 mRNA was positively correlated with the levels of TNF-αand IL-6, and the hospital stay. The results of Logistic regression demonstrated that over-expression of TLR2, 4 mRNA might result in higher risk of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). It was concluded that in the acute abdomen patients associated with SIRS, the expression of TLR2, 4 in PBMCs was increased markedly, suggesting that TLR might play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute abdomen associated with SIRS.     

尿路感染细菌分布及细菌耐药性分析

目的调查了解2004年尿路感染病原菌的分布及耐药情况,为临床提供可靠的诊断和治疗依据。方法对2004年1月1日~2004年12月31日间,北京医院住院及门诊患者1 007份尿培养标本及其分离出的632株细菌进行鉴定和耐药分析。结果2004年尿路感染菌株以大肠埃希菌为主,占38.29%;其次为肠球菌属(18.67%)、念珠菌属(17.41%)、链球菌属(8.07%)、变形菌属(3.4%)、葡萄球菌属(3.95%)、铜绿假单胞菌(3.17%)及肺炎克雷伯菌(2.37%);肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南保持100%敏感;呋喃妥因和万古霉素对革兰阳性球菌敏感率较高;真菌感染的发生率较2001年有明显上升趋势。结论2004年尿路感染的主要致病菌仍是肠杆菌属,并以大肠埃希氏菌为主;真菌感染呈明显上升趋势,应高度重视。     

美罗培南与亚胺培南/西司他丁随机对照治疗急性细菌性感染

目的:研究国产美罗培南治疗急性细菌性感染的临床疗效和安全性.方法:选择中、重度急性细菌性感染患者.治疗组30例,给予美罗培南0.5 g,tid,静脉滴注;对照组26例,给予亚胺培南/西司他丁(泰能)1.0 g,tid,静脉滴注.两药疗程均为7～10 d.结果:美罗培南组和泰能组的临床痊愈率分别为63.3%和65.4%;临床有效率分别为93.3%和96.2%;细菌清除率分别为88.0%和85.7%;不良反应发生率分别为10.0%和7.7%.以上指标差异均无显著性(P>0.05).结论:国产美罗培南治疗急性细菌性感染是有效和安全的,与泰能相比差异无显著性.     

缬沙坦联合大黄治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效

目的:探讨缬沙坦联合大黄治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效。方法:早期糖尿病肾病(DN)患者61例和临床糖尿病肾病67例分别随机分为缬沙坦对照组和缬沙坦联合大黄治疗组,疗程均为6个月。结果:(1)与治疗前比较,治疗组治疗后血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清甘油三酯(TG)明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDC-C)明显上升(P<0.05),对照组上述指标变化不明显(P>0.05)。(2)治疗后治疗组与对照组早期DN患者尿白蛋白(MA)、尿α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)、尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)均显著改善(P<0.05,P<0.01),而治疗组较对照组疗效显著(P<0.05)。(3)对临床DN患者的尿蛋白定量、尿α1-MG、尿β2-MG、血白蛋白(ALB)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr),治疗组均改善显著(P<0.05,P<0.01),且优于对照组,而对照组除尿蛋白定量、尿α1-MG、尿β2-MG改善显著(P<0.05)外,其余指标改善均不显著(P>0.05)。结论:缬沙坦联合大黄治疗DN疗效肯定。     

IgA肾病的治疗进展

1968年,Berger等Ⅲ首次提出IgA肾病的概念。目前很多学者认为,它不是一种单一的疾病,而是由于各种损伤机制导致具有共性的组织反应。IgA肾病的发病率很高,每年超过2．5例／10万人群,且有明显的地域差异：东亚（尤其中国和日本）患病率最高,其次为欧洲自种人群,     

Role of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Extracellular Matrix Degradation in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

In order to investigate the effects of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in renal tubular cells induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and to explore the role of CTGF in the degradation of renal extracellular matrix (ECM), a human proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HKC) was cultured in vitro. Cationic lipid-mediated CTGF antisense ODN was transfected into HKC. After HKC were stimulated with TGF-β1 (5 μg/L), the mRNA level of PAI-1 was detected by RT-PCR. In-tracellular PAI-1 protein synthesis was assessed by flow cytometry. The secreted PAI-1 in the media was determined by Western blot. The results showed that TGF-β1 could induce tubular CTGF and PAI-1 mRNA expression. The PAI-1 mRNA expression induced by TGF-β1 was significantly inhib-ited by CTGF antisense ODN. CTGF antisense ODN also inhibited intracellular PAI-1 protein syn-thesis and lowered the levels of PAI-1 protein secreted into the media. It was concluded that CTGF might play a crucial role in the degradation of excessive ECM during tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and blocking the biological effect of CTGF may be a novel way in preventing renal fibrosis.