内窥镜下手术在眼科的应用

近年来，内窥镜下手术在眼科的应用有了很大进展，并且逐渐展现出其创伤小、并发症少、直视下操作、安全有效的优点。眼内窥镜联合激光可应用于青光眼前房角手术、青光眼睫状体光凝术、周边部视网膜玻璃体手术等等；另外泪道内窥镜在泪器疾病中的应用、鼻内窥镜在鼻眼相关手术中的应用也有很大的发展。眼内窥镜的应用开创了眼科微创手术时代。本文就眼用内窥镜的基本工作原理、应用现状和发展前景进行综述。     

The Application of Topical Anesthesia Combined with Subconjunctival Anesthesia for Glaucoma Surgery

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility, reliability and analgesia effect of topical anesthesia combined with subconjunctival anesthesia in anti-glaucomatous surgery.Methods: Two hundred and four cases (357 eyes) underwent anti-glaucomatous surgeries under topical anesthesia with 0.5％ Alcaine eye drops combined with subconjunctival anesthesia with 2％ Lidocaine. The analgesic effect was analysed with visual analogue pain scale.Results: Among all of 357 eyes, 62 eyes underwent peripheral iridectomy, 67 eyes underwent simple trabeculectomy, 167 eyes underwent compound brabeculectomy and 12 eyes nonpenetrating trabecular surgery. The effects of anesthesia were as follows: 304 eyes (85.2％) were painless (Grade Ⅰ), 50 eyes (14.0％) were slight painful (Grade Ⅱ), and 3 eyes (0.8％) were more painful (Grade Ⅲ) during surgery. And no severe complications were observed in all the cases during surgery and postoperatively. Amaurosis fugax was not observed in the glaucoma patients at the late stage with narrow vi     

眼蛋白质组学

蛋白质组学是对一个细胞、组织或器官的基因组表达的所有蛋白质分析研究，是新世纪生命科学研究的前沿以及功能基因组学的研究重心。蛋白质组学为研究眼部细胞生命活动规律和眼科疾病病变机制提供了一个新的研究平台。本文就蛋白质组学在眼科的应用作一综述。眼科学报2003；19：67-70     

治疗伴有无前房、白内障玻璃体混浊的葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼的手术方法

目的:探讨伴无前房、白内障的葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼的手术治疗方法。方法:采用经角膜缘的晶状体和前段玻璃体切除或经睫状体平坦部的晶状体和玻璃体切除联合小梁切除术,对7只眼伴有无前房、白内障的葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼进行了手术治疗,观察术前术后眼压和前房深度变化、滤过泡、视力以及并发症情况,随访时间3~48个月。结果:(1)眼压:7只眼术前平均眼压为(5.18±0.77)kPa,术后1天平均眼压为(0.95±0.29)kPa,术后1周平均眼压为(0.93±0.12)kPa,最后1次随访平均眼压为(1.14±0.70)kPa;(2)前房深度:所有患眼术后均形成前房,中央前房深度为3~5CT;(3)滤过泡情况:所有患眼术后均形成功能滤过泡,滤过泡形态为扁平弥散;(4)视力:1患眼术前视力0.01,术后1周视力CF/20cm,最后1次随访矫正视力0.06;1患眼术前视力0.05,术后1周0.01,最后1次随访矫正视力0.1;余患者多为幼儿,不能配合视力检查但可追光;(5)术后并发症:所有患眼术后早期均有角膜水肿,瞳孔区均有纤维性渗出,房水闪辉( ~ ),但均未出现瞳孔和周切口膜闭、视网膜脱离和眼内炎等并发症。结论:对于葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼同时伴无前房或极浅前房、白内障玻璃体混浊患者,晶状体玻璃体切除联合小梁切除手术能有效降低眼压,形成前房,无严重并发症,是一种治疗伴无前房的葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼安全有效的方法。眼科学报2007;23:238-242.     

小切口晶状体手术在晶状体脱位继发青光眼中的应用

目的观察小切口手术治疗晶状体脱位继发青光眼的临床疗效。方法回顾性研究自1999年4月至2005年2月在我院因晶状体脱位继发青光眼而行小切口白内障手术治疗的一组患者共21例22只眼。记录患者眼压、视力变化及术中术后并发症等。观察时间为3-72个月。结果22只眼术后最后一次复查时平均眼压为(12.47±3.77)mmHg,明显低于术前平均眼压(42.29±18.99)mmHg,差异有非常显著意义(t=7.185,p=0.000)。22只眼术后最后一次复查最佳矫正视力在NLP～1.2之间,较术前有明显改善,差异有非常显著意义(t=-2.929,p=0.008)。术中术后均未出现严重并发症。结论小切口晶状体手术是治疗晶状体脱位继发青光眼的有效手术方式,且技术较成熟,临床上如有条件应广泛开展。     

1%派立明滴眼液联合0.25%贝特舒混悬液的临床降眼压疗效及安全性观察

目的:观察派立明滴眼液联合贝特舒混悬液对中国人青光眼患者的降眼压疗效及安全性方法:选取原发性开角型青光眼、高眼压症、术后残余青光眼患者共26例44只眼,给予派立明滴眼液及贝特舒混悬液早晚各2次点眼,共观察2个月,分别于用药后2周、4周、6周、8周复查,观察用药前后的眼压及不良反应。结果:派立明联合应用贝特舒每日2次点眼,降眼压效果显著且稳定,眼压平均降低5.03～6.65mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),平均降幅为20.55%～37.30%且不良反应少。结论:派立明滴眼液联合贝特舒混悬液对中国人具有良好的降眼压效果,毒副作用少,可作为临床上青光眼药物治疗的主要用药。     

真性小眼球继发青光眼的治疗

目的：探讨真性小眼球继发青光眼的临床特征，治疗方法以及并发症的防治措施。方法：回顾性分析了17只真性小眼球继发青光眼的临床资料，治疗方法及病情转归。结果：9例17只眼，眼轴14．36－19.33mm；均合并有高度远视，屈光度＋7．00－＋16．00D.有的患眼均有慢性闭角型青光眼的临床表现，其中9只进展期的患眼经过激虹虹膜手术联合药物治疗使青光眼得到控制，有1只眼在就诊时已是绝对期，予以睫状体光凝以改善疼痛症状，另外7只晚期患眼均接受了滤过手术，其中3只在随诊期内出现了严重眼后节并发症导致失明。结论：真性小眼球继发青光眼的治疗很复杂。在早期进行激光虹膜手术是治疗真性小眼球合并青光发安全有效的方法，选手选择密闭性的眼内手术和预防性的涡静脉减压术，前巩膜切开术，巩膜切除术可以减少滤过手术灾难性的眼后节并发症。     

Effect of 0. 2 % Brimonidine on Retinal Blood Flow

Purpose: To analyze the effect of 0. 2 % brimonidine eye drops on retinal blood flow ofpatients with glaucoma.Methods: Using self-control method and Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter (HRF), weexamined the volume, flow and velocity of the superior nasal and temporal, the inferiornasal and temporal artery of retina at baseline and 2 hours after single instillation of 0. 2% brimonidine.Results: There were no significant changes in volume, flow and velocity of four vesselsbefore and after the administration of 0. 2 % brimonidine.Conclusions: There are no significant ocular haemodynamic benefits associated withBrimonidine therapy to the glaucoma patients.     

The Management of Secondary Glaucoma in Nanophthalmic Patients

Purpose:To investigate the clinical characteristcs,management of secondary glaucoma in nanophthalmos,and the prevention of its compications.Methods:Retrospectively,9 cases(17eyes)with nanophthalmic glaucoma were studied.Results:The axial length of the eyes ranged(14.36-19.33)mm;All of the cases combined with hyperopia ranged( 7.00- 16.00)D.All 17 eyes had the manifestation like angle-closure glaucoma.The glaucoma was controlled in 9 of 17 eyes at the early stage,which underwent laser iridotomy(4 of 9 eyes also underwent laser iridoplasty).1 eye underwent ciliary photocoagulation because its visual acuity was lost and the patient complained of pain.The other 7 eyes underwent filtration surgery and 3 of them had permanent loss of vision caused by disastrous complications after the surgery.Conclusions:Management of secondary glaucoma in nanophthalmos is complicated.The laser iris surgery is safe and effective in glaucoma at the early stage.Vortex vein decompression,sclerotectomy or anterior sclerotomy may be performed to reduce disastrous complications.