Modulators of platelet function in aging

Abstract

Platelets are small, anucleated effector cells that play an important role in linking the hemostatic and inflammatory processes in the body. Platelet function is known to be altered under various inflammatory conditions including aging. A gain in platelet function during aging can increase the risk of thrombotic events, such as stroke and acute myocardial infarction. Anti-platelet therapy is designed to reduce risk of serious cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events, but the adverse consequences of therapy, such as risk for bleeding increases with aging as well. Age-associated comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia also contribute to increased platelet activity and thus can enhance the risk of thrombosis. Therefore, identification of unique mechanisms of platelet dysfunction in aging and in age-associated comorbidities is warranted to design novel antiplatelet drugs. This review outlines some of the current areas of research on aging-related mechanisms of platelet hyperactivity and addresses the clinical urgency for designing anti-platelet therapies toward novel molecular targets in the aging population.     

Heat Sink Effect on Tumor Ablation Characteristics as Observed in Monopolar Radiofrequency,Bipolar Radiofrequency,and Microwave,Using Ex Vivo Calf Liver Model

Thermal ablation of liver tumors near large blood vessels is affected by the cooling effect of blood flow, leading to incomplete ablation. Hence, we conducted a comparative investigation of heat sink effect in monopolar (MP) and bipolar (BP) radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and microwave (MW) ablation devices.With a perfused calf liver, the ablative performances (volume, mass, density, dimensions), with and without heat sink, were measured. Heat sink was present when the ablative tip of the probes were 8.0 mm close to a major hepatic vein and absent when >30 mm away. Temperatures (T1 and T2) on either side of the hepatic vein near the tip of the probes, heating probe temperature (T3), outlet perfusate temperature (T4), and ablation time were monitored.With or without heat sink, BP radiofrequency ablated a larger volume and mass, compared with MP RFA or MW ablation, with latter device producing the highest density of tissue ablated. MW ablation produced an ellipsoidal shape while radiofrequency devices produced spheres.Percentage heat sink effect in Bipolar radiofrequency : Mono-polar radiofrequency : Microwave was (Volume) 33:41:22; (mass) 23:56:34; (density) 9.0:26:18; and (relative elipscity) 5.8:12.9:1.3, indicating that BP and MW devices were less affected.Percentage heat sink effect on time (minutes) to reach maximum temperature (W) = 13.28:9.2:29.8; time at maximum temperature (X) is 87:66:16.66; temperature difference (Y) between the thermal probes (T3) and the temperature (T1 + T2)/2 on either side of the hepatic vessel was 100:87:20; and temperature difference between the (T1 + T2)/2 and temperature of outlet circulating solution (T4), Z was 20.33:30.23:37.5.MW and BP radiofrequencies were less affected by heat sink while MP RFA was the most affected. With a single ablation, BP radiofrequency ablated a larger volume and mass regardless of heat sink.     

癌性肠梗阻内科治疗的“6字方针”

癌性肠梗阻（MBO）是指原发性或转移性恶性肿瘤本身及其抗肿瘤治疗引起的肠梗阻，是晚期肿瘤患者的常见并发症，总体发生率3%~15%。目前，MBO的治疗仍缺乏统一、有效的治疗规范，大多数医院都采用对症处理的。本文在总结数百例治疗经验基础上，提炼出“减（压）、加（营养）、抑（制消化液分泌）、激（素）、利（尿）、动（运动及促进肠蠕动）”六字方针，简单、实用、有效，通过临床观察，该方案能改善患者症状，恢复经口进食率，提高生活质量和手术治疗的机会，缩短住院时间及降低治疗费用，尽管尚缺乏前瞻性的随机对照研究结果，仍值得推广。     

Recipient hypertonic saline infusion prevents cardiac allograft dysfunction

Objective

Hypertonic saline (HTS) has potent immune and vascular effects. We assessed recipient pretreatment with HTS on allograft function in a porcine model of heart transplantation and hypothesized that HTS infusion would limit endothelial and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction following transplantation.

中西医结合治疗排卵障碍性不孕症临床观察

目的:观察中西医结合治疗排卵障碍性不孕症的疗效。方法:82例按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各41例。两组均给予常规西药治疗,观察组加用腹针温阳法治疗。结果:受孕成功率观察组84.44%,对照组71.11%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组优质卵泡直径小于对照组(P<0.05),优质卵泡数量以及子宫内膜厚度均高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组卵巢动脉血流PI、RI、PSV与EDV指标均优于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组各项指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗排卵障碍性不孕症可改善卵泡发育以及卵巢动脉血流指标,提高受孕率。     

红藻氨酸致痫后大鼠海马ERK、P38 MAPK和JNK的活性变化

目的研究红藻氨酸(KA)诱导大鼠癫痫发作后海马组织细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)、p38MAPK和c-jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)的活性(磷酸化状态)的变化情况。方法立体定向大鼠侧脑室内注射KA引起大鼠癫痫发作,采用Western-blot方法观察KA致痫后大鼠海马中活性ERK、p38MAPK和JNK的变化。结果KA诱导大鼠癫痫发作后,海马组织ERK、p38MAPK和JNK的磷酸化水平开始增高,分别于30min、1h和30min后达高峰,呈对照组的4.76倍、2.16倍和3.95倍,两组比较差异具有显著性(P<0.01),之后逐渐下降。结论KA致痫大鼠癫痫发作后,海马组织MAPKs的活性产生变化,其信号通路可能参与癫痫发作后海马组织的病理生理反应过程。