基于腹部CT图像的肝脏三维建模研究

针对临床手术预演过程中基于腹部CT图像的肝脏三维建模需要手动修改,耗时巨大,且精度无法保证等问题,分析了传统建模方法的不足,结合灰度分离算法利用处理后的肝脏特征序列进行三维重建的系统,借助于Matlab提取并生成肝脏特征序列,导入Mimics后无需进行阈值分割和手动修改,选择所有灰度值不为0的区域即可直接计算出三维模型,可将三维模型打印出肝脏实体,从而解决了肝脏三维建模的效率和精度等问题。最后,以两位病人的腹部CT图像进行试验,均成功提取了肝脏边缘特征并建立了肝脏三维模型。     

肝移植供肝的保存

保持供体器官离体后的活力,对于移植后器官迅速恢复功能和存活是十分重要的.迄今为止,肝移植供肝的静态低温保存仍是普遍采用的方法.虽然这种方法简单而且有效,但是随着供体老年化、边缘化和心跳停止供肝数量的增加,导致供肝的质量日益恶化,静态低温保存能否继续保持供肝活力令人怀疑.本综述介绍供肝保存及器官保存液的发展历史及最新进展,包括低温机器灌注.尽管低温机器灌注可能优于静态低温保存,但是供肝仍然存在低温相关损伤.因此,最近已有科研机构开始重视常温机器灌注的研究,并有望成为肝脏移植保存的新方法.     

隔离灌注治疗肝癌药物选择现状与展望

肝脏隔离灌注(isolated hepatic perfusion,IHP)是将肝脏血液循环和体循环完全隔离,用全身无法耐受的药物剂量对肝脏肿瘤进行灌注化疗的方法.近年临床研究肝脏隔离灌注化疗药物主要使用马法兰或马法兰联合肿瘤坏死因子(tumor nicrosis factor-αTNF-α)及联合高温等,初步结果显示IHP较之传统疗法对不能切除的肝癌疗效有所提高.本文就目前肝脏隔离灌注中药物选择的现状及今后发展等进行综述.     

基于区域增长和统一化水平集CT分割重建在肝动脉变异中的应用

目的探讨基于区域增长和统一化水平集的半自动肝脏及其管道CT分割重建方法的可行性,评价该三维重建技术在诊断肝动脉变异中的准确性。方法选取拟行肝切除术的患者300例,术前均接受腹部增强CT检查,应用区域增长和统一化水平集的半自动肝脏及其管道分割重建方法构建3D肝动脉重建模型,并根据Michels分型标准进行分型。所有患者均接受手术治疗,记录术中肝动脉变异情况以及手术、病理和术后资料,并比较模型的可靠性。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,且无术中及术后死亡病例。在所有患者中,最常见的肝动脉分型为Ⅰ型（76.6%）,Ⅲ型（7.3%）、Ⅴ型（4%）、Ⅵ型（4%）、Ⅱ型（2.6%）、Ⅸ型（2.6%）、Ⅳ型（0.6%）,无Ⅶ型、Ⅷ型、Ⅹ型肝动脉分型患者,其他类型占比为2%。通过与术中实际情况进行对照发现,区域增长和统一化水平集的半自动肝脏及其管道分割重建方法构建的3D肝动脉重建模型准确率为100%。结论通过螺旋CT检查并应用区域增长和统一化水平集的半自动肝脏及其管道分割重建方法构建3D肝动脉重建模型,能对肝动脉进行准确分型,而了解异常的肝动脉分型无论对于外科手术和介入性肝脏手术都起到了重要的作用。     

三氧化二砷对逆行隔离灌注大鼠肝脏毒性的观察

Objective To study As2O3toxicity on rat liver in a retrograde isolated hepatic perfusion model. Methods In this study 104 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 300 and 400 g were used. Eight male SD rats were used for preoperatively normal control and the remaining rats were randomly divided into 4 subgroups receiving As2O3at dosage of 0 mg/kg,0.75 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg respectively. Modified RIHP was used in which As2O3was infused through hepatic artery. Ringer's lactate was retrogradly infused through hepatic veins and the portal vein was used as the outflow tract. Hepatic function, pathology and liver enzymes were assessed at different time points. As2O3concentration was monitered during the perfusion in rats of subgroup C. Results Serum ALT and AST rose to the peak on the first day, returning to normal after 3 or 7 days in all four subgroups. There was no difference between the peak levels of serum ALT and AST between subgroup A and B. Differences in serum ALT、AST level between subgroup A and C, A and D, B and C, B and D, C and D were all statistically significant (FALT=40.811,P<0.01;FAST= 48.212,P <0.01). On day 7, ALT and AST in subgroup D were still statistically higher when compared with that of other subgroups and normal control (FALT=13.928, P<0.01;FAST=17.942, P<0.01), and the hepatic pathology showed necrosis of the hepatocyte. The peak levels of As2O3were 13.21±0.82(μg/ ml) and 0.09±0.008 (μg/ml)in rats liver and systemic circulation in subgroup C during isolated perfuision. There were significant differences between the peak levels of concentration of As2O3in rats liver and systemic circulation (t=35.758,P<0.01). Conclusions The hepatic toxicity is reversible caused by As2O3when given at a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg of As2O3in a murine model of RIHP.     

HTK液逆行灌注可减轻肝脏隔离化疗对大鼠的损伤

目的:建立大鼠肝脏隔离灌注化疗模型;探讨在大剂量化疗药物肝脏隔离灌注过程中,HTK液经肝静脉逆行灌注对肝脏的保护及减少全身泄漏作用。方法:将75只体重300～350g的雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,每组25只;手术建立大鼠隔离灌注化疗模型。A组经肝动脉灌注含30mg/L三氧化二砷的林格液,门静脉灌注林格液,肝静脉为流出道。B组经肝静脉灌注林格液,门静脉为流出道,余同A组。C组经肝静脉灌注4℃组氨酸-色氨酸-酮戊二酸(Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarat,HTK)液,余同B组。各组于术后1、2、3、7d各随机处死大鼠5只,进行血清肝功能及肝组织病理学检查。A组和B组大鼠术中检测体循环和肝循环中的血药浓度。结果:各组动物血清ALT和AST峰值均出现在术后第1天,其后开始下降,至术后7d恢复正常。术后第1、2、3d,3组间的血清ALT、AST均数均有显著性差异(P0.05);光镜下观察肝组织,进一步证实了上述结果。A组与B组间体循环血药浓度差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而两组间的肝循环血药浓度相类似;表明逆行隔离灌注的体循环泄漏率较顺行隔离灌注组为低。结论:低温HTK液逆行灌注可显著减轻肝脏隔离化疗对大鼠的损伤,提高手术的安全性。     

腹腔镜下门静脉流域性肝切除在原发性肝癌治疗中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜下门静脉流域性肝切除治疗原发性肝癌的可行性。方法回顾宁波市第一医院2021年1月1日至2022年5月31日行腹腔镜下流域性肝切除的120例肝癌患者（流域组）以及2018年1月1日至2020年12月31日行腹腔镜下非解剖性肝切除的192例肝癌患者的临床资料（非解剖组）。并通过倾向性得分匹配进行1∶1匹配,比较两组患者匹配后包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后血清白蛋白、AST、ALT、TBil水平,术后引流管留置时间、并发症发生率及住院时间。结果经倾向性得分匹配后,流域组与非解剖组各纳入40例患者,且匹配后两组患者临床资料比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。流域组手术时间长于非解剖组,术中出血量少于非解剖组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;流域组术后血清白蛋白水平明显高于非解剖组,AST、ALT水平均低于非解剖组,术后引流管留置时间少于非解剖组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。两组患者术后并发症发生率及住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论门静脉流域性肝切除治疗原发性肝癌安全性与非解剖性肝切除相当,术后肝功能恢复优于非解剖性肝切除,值得临床推广。     

三氧化二砷对逆行隔离灌注大鼠肝脏毒性的观察

目的 观察不同剂量三氧化二砷(As2O3)在大鼠逆行隔离灌注(RIHP)模型中对肝脏毒性作用.方法 104只体重300～400 g雄性SD大鼠中8只为术前正常对照组,其余大鼠分A、B、C、D 4组,每组24只.A组灌注不含As2O3的乳酸林格氏液,B、C、D组灌注As2O3的剂量分别为0.75 mg/kg、1.5 mg/kg、3 mg/kg.实验组均采用RIHP,即经肝动脉灌注As2O3溶液,经肝静脉逆行灌注乳酸林格氏液,门静脉为流出道;灌注时间为15 min,速度1 ml/min.对照观察实验组术后1、2、37 d各时点肝酶学变化、肝组织学改变和术后生存情况;检测C组大鼠术中和术后第1天的肝循环和体循环中As2O3浓度.结果 实验组ALT、AST峰值均出现在术后第1天,至术后3～7 d恢复正常.A和B组ALT、AST峰值间差异无统计学意义,A和C,A和D,B和C,B和D、C和D各组间ALT、AST峰值差异均有统计学意义(FALT=40.811,FAST=48.212,均P<0.01).D组术后第7天时仍与术前正常对照组及A、B、C各组间差异均有统计学意义(FALT=13.928,FAST=17.942,均P<0.01),且术后肝组织出现片状坏死等较严重的损害.肝循环和体循环As2O3血药浓度峰值分别为(13.21±0.82)μg/ml和(0.09±0.008)μg/ml,二者比较差异有统计学意义(t=35.758,P<0.01).结论 在人鼠RIHP模型中,当As2O3灌注剂量不超过1.5 mg/kg时肝脏遭受的损害是可逆的.     

三氧化二砷对逆行隔离灌注大鼠肝脏毒性的观察

Objective To study As2O3toxicity on rat liver in a retrograde isolated hepatic perfusion model. Methods In this study 104 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 300 and 400 g were used. Eight male SD rats were used for preoperatively normal control and the remaining rats were randomly divided into 4 subgroups receiving As2O3at dosage of 0 mg/kg,0.75 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg respectively. Modified RIHP was used in which As2O3was infused through hepatic artery. Ringer's lactate was retrogradly infused through hepatic veins and the portal vein was used as the outflow tract. Hepatic function, pathology and liver enzymes were assessed at different time points. As2O3concentration was monitered during the perfusion in rats of subgroup C. Results Serum ALT and AST rose to the peak on the first day, returning to normal after 3 or 7 days in all four subgroups. There was no difference between the peak levels of serum ALT and AST between subgroup A and B. Differences in serum ALT、AST level between subgroup A and C, A and D, B and C, B and D, C and D were all statistically significant (FALT=40.811,P<0.01;FAST= 48.212,P <0.01). On day 7, ALT and AST in subgroup D were still statistically higher when compared with that of other subgroups and normal control (FALT=13.928, P<0.01;FAST=17.942, P<0.01), and the hepatic pathology showed necrosis of the hepatocyte. The peak levels of As2O3were 13.21±0.82(μg/ ml) and 0.09±0.008 (μg/ml)in rats liver and systemic circulation in subgroup C during isolated perfuision. There were significant differences between the peak levels of concentration of As2O3in rats liver and systemic circulation (t=35.758,P<0.01). Conclusions The hepatic toxicity is reversible caused by As2O3when given at a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg of As2O3in a murine model of RIHP.     

三维可视化技术在大肝癌精准化切除中的应用效果观察

目的观察三维可视化技术在大肝癌精准化切除中的应用效果。方法选取拟行根治性肝切除术的大肝癌患者43例。患者术前均接受增强CT检查,应用Arigin三维重建软件构建大肝癌虚拟切除三维可视化模型。比较三维可视化模型与术中实际的肿瘤体积、手术切缘、肿瘤最大径。结果本组患者均顺利完成手术,且无术中及术后死亡病例。三维可视化模型与术中实际的肿瘤体积[（210.9±26.1）mlvs（211.8±26.2）ml]、手术切缘[(9.4±3.8）mmvs（8.5±3.7）mm]、肿瘤最大径[（7.99±0.54）cmvs（7.12±0.58）cm]比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论三维可视化技术有助于大肝癌的精准化切除,能为肿瘤与相邻组织之间的空间关系提供可靠的术前三维视图。