X-刀治疗靶点定位精确度分析

目的 :研究SRS2 0 0X 刀治疗系统治疗靶点定位的精确度。方法 :应用人体头颅模型内特定标记物测定CT定位的精度 ,用胶片法测定二次等中心系统精度和总的治疗精度。结果 :BRW头环CT定位精度为 0 .65mm ,最大误差为 1 .0 9mm ;SRS2 0 0二次等中心系统误差为 0 .1 9mm ;总治疗误差理论计算值为0 .68mm ,胶片法检测值为 1 .43mm。结论 :X 刀治疗系统精确度已达到放射外科质量控制要求。     

人脑胶质瘤CXCL12基因的甲基化分析研究

Objective To detect the methylation status of CXCL12 gene and the mRNA expression of CXCL12, CXCR4 and DNA methyhransferases (DNMTs) in glioma, and to analyze the methylation regulation and mechanism of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis in the malignant progress of glioma. Methods The mRNA expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B was detected by the semi - quantitative RT - PCR and real - time PCR in 76 gliomas and 10 normal brain tissues. The methylation status of CXCL12 in glioma was also studied by the methylation specific PCR. Results ( 1 ) The mRNA expression of CXCR4 in glioma increased with WHO grades. (2) Methylation of CXCL12 was detected in 34. 2% ( 26/76 ) of gliomas, but the methylation rate decreased with WHO grades. ( 3 ) Epigenetic inactivation of CXCL12 mainly happened in low- grade gliomas, and the CXCL12 mRNA levels were closely related to its methylation status. (4) The expression levels of these three DNMT genes were significantly higher in the CXCL12 - methylated gliomas than in the CXCL12 - unmethylated ones. Conclusion The CXCR4 gene may be a marker of aggressive biological behavior of glioma. The CXCL12 promoter hypermethylation is detected mainly in low - grade gliomas. And the methylaiton of CXCL12 gene cause the down - regulation of its mRNA levels in low - grade gliomas. The high expressions of DNMT1、DNMT3A and DNMT3B may be the potential mechanism of CXCL12 methylation.     

颅脑术后表皮葡萄球菌性脑膜炎的临床分析

目的 分析颅脑术后表皮葡萄球菌性脑膜炎的临床表现、危险因素、细菌耐药性特点,探讨预防措施及治疗方法.方法 回顾性收集1999年8月至2007年8月山东大学齐鲁医院神经外科颅脑术后脑脊液培养证实表皮葡萄球菌生长患者的资料进行统计学分析.结果 6887例颅脑手术患者,术后发生表皮葡萄球菌感染27例,男16例,女11例;年龄2~72岁,平均37.5岁.颅内肿瘤手术4660例,术后感染10例;脑外伤手术787例,术后感染5例;颅内置管性手术577例,术后感染10例(脑室体外引流和脑脊液分流,其中2例为合并脑肿瘤患者);颅内其他手术863例,术后感染4例,其发生率分别为0.21%、0.64%、1.73%、0.46%.置管性手术组与其他手术组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌总体检出率为70.4%,未有耐万古霉素菌株出现.结论 表皮葡萄球菌是颅脑术后颅内感染的主要病原菌,且耐药性逐年增强.其感染好发于颅内置管性手术及污染手术,万古霉素是治疗的首选药物.术前预防性用药疗效不确切,严格无菌术是重要预防措施.     

腰蛛网膜下腔持续引流治疗术后颅内感染的探讨

目的 探讨颅脑手术后颅内感染的治疗方法。方法 对腰蛛网膜下腔持续引流治疗术后颅内感染患者45例进行临床分析。结果 平置管4d体温降至正常，脑脊液白细胞计数下降，引流5-10d，所有患者均治愈。结论 应用腰蛛网膜下腔持续引流能明显提高术后颅内感染的疗效。     

神经外科患者并发肺栓塞19例报告

神经外科患者并发肺栓塞常常预后凶险。在我院1994年至2000年收治的6022例神经外科患者中并发有肺栓塞者共19例,现报道如下。 一、对象和方法 1.临床资料:19例并发肺栓塞患者占同期神经外科住院患者的0.32％;年龄38-72岁,平均年龄（53±11）岁。肺栓塞发生后的临床表现:呼吸困难或气短15例,咯血7例,晕厥或突发意识障碍加重4例。体温高于38℃者14例。呼吸（19±5）次·min-1,心率（105±26）次·min-1。血压升高8例,占42.1％,降低1例。5例出现紫绀。5例发病前患有静脉炎,8例发病前患有静脉栓塞。听诊:肺部闻及湿罗音10例,肺动脉瓣区第二心音亢进7例。 2.实验室检查:动脉血气分析:PaO2（10.1±0.1）kPa,其中PaO2≤8 kPa14例。PaCO2正常5例,降低7例,升高7例。9例出现Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭,5例出现Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭。血常规:白细胞均不同程度升高。红细胞压积9例高于正常值。血生化:13例有电解质紊乱,血糖升高11例。心电图:电轴显著右偏4例,出现肺性P波2例。X线检查:13例患者进行了胸部X线检查,其中7例出现浸润性阴影,4例出现局部肺纹理减少。     

脑胶质瘤细胞核DNA含量的流式细胞术分析

目的:通过对脑胶质瘤细胞核DNA含量及细胞周期的分析,探讨DNA含量及细胞增殖特性与脑胶质瘤临床病理特征及预后等方面的关系。方法:将手术切除的新鲜脑胶质瘤组织制备成单细胞悬液并进行短期体外培养,然后采用流式细胞术测定瘤细胞的DNA指数(DNA index,DI)、细胞周期分布及细胞分裂增殖指数(proliferation index,PI)等指标。结果:①脑胶质瘤Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间的DNA异倍体率无显著差异,但与其它各组之间有显著差异;②对照组的DI值与脑胶质瘤Ⅰ级之间无显著差异(P>0.05),但与其它各组之间有显著差异(P<0.01);③对照组的S期与胶质瘤Ⅰ、Ⅱ期之间无显著差异(P>0.05),但与Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间有显著差异(P<0.01);④对照组的PI值与肿瘤各组之间均有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:脑胶质瘤细胞核DNA的流式细胞术分析能较准确地判定肿瘤的恶性程度,对脑胶质瘤病人的诊断、术后辅助治疗及预后判断均有重要意义。     

开颅术后血浆NO含量的变化与脑血管痉挛发生的相关研究

一、资料与方法颅内动脉瘤30例,男15例,女15例。平均年龄49.43±11.03岁。病程为蛛网膜下腔出血后1h至5年。全部病人均全麻下行翼点入路动脉瘤夹闭术。同期收治脑肿瘤病人13例,男5例,女8例。平均年龄45.36±17.24岁。均采取翼点入路脑瘤切除术。健康成人10例,男6例,女4例。平均年龄43±13.2岁。检查方法:术前、术后第3-5天、7-10天分3次行经颅多普勒(TCD)检查。TCD诊断脑血管痉挛的标准:VMCA>120cm/秒,同时满足Lindegard指数>3(Lindegard指数=VMCA/VICA,VMCA为大脑中动脉平均血流速度,VICA为同侧颈内动脉平均血流速度)。术前1d…     

脑组织异位症一例报告

脑组织异位症一例报告王云彦张庆林刘玉光李刚江玉泉顾跃捷鲍修风患儿男，３岁。因四肢抽搐２个月入院。患者抽搐发作由右侧肢体开始，然后扩展为四肢抽搐，发作过程中无意识障碍，能自述将要发作。发作后自述全身不适，无恶心、呕吐或大小便失禁。查体：发育正常，意识清...     

人脑胶质瘤CXCL12基因的甲基化分析研究

Objective To detect the methylation status of CXCL12 gene and the mRNA expression of CXCL12, CXCR4 and DNA methyhransferases (DNMTs) in glioma, and to analyze the methylation regulation and mechanism of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis in the malignant progress of glioma. Methods The mRNA expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B was detected by the semi - quantitative RT - PCR and real - time PCR in 76 gliomas and 10 normal brain tissues. The methylation status of CXCL12 in glioma was also studied by the methylation specific PCR. Results ( 1 ) The mRNA expression of CXCR4 in glioma increased with WHO grades. (2) Methylation of CXCL12 was detected in 34. 2% ( 26/76 ) of gliomas, but the methylation rate decreased with WHO grades. ( 3 ) Epigenetic inactivation of CXCL12 mainly happened in low- grade gliomas, and the CXCL12 mRNA levels were closely related to its methylation status. (4) The expression levels of these three DNMT genes were significantly higher in the CXCL12 - methylated gliomas than in the CXCL12 - unmethylated ones. Conclusion The CXCR4 gene may be a marker of aggressive biological behavior of glioma. The CXCL12 promoter hypermethylation is detected mainly in low - grade gliomas. And the methylaiton of CXCL12 gene cause the down - regulation of its mRNA levels in low - grade gliomas. The high expressions of DNMT1、DNMT3A and DNMT3B may be the potential mechanism of CXCL12 methylation.     

神经导航在经小切口切除颅内表浅肿瘤术中的应用

目的评价神经导航系统在经小切口切除颅内表浅肿瘤中的应用。方法术前对37例病人(导航组)行MRI或CT连续薄层扫描,将影像学资料输入VectorVision2神经导航系统进行三维重建,标记肿瘤后,设计最佳手术入路和头皮切口。术中在导航引导下准确定位并切除肿瘤。以同期30例常规骨瓣开颅手术的大脑半球肿瘤病人(对照组)作为对照。结果导航组均准确全切肿瘤;注册误差0.5～1.6mm,平均(1.12±0.38)mm。导航组平均手术切口长4.9cm,骨瓣面积8.26cm2,出血64.5ml;对照组平均手术切口长13.7cm,骨瓣面积16.34cm2,出血214.1ml。结论与常规手术比较,神经导航引导下经小切口切除颅内表浅肿瘤具有定位准确,创伤小,手术时间短,失血量小及并发症少等优点,值得推广应用。