芬太尼硬膜外注射对剖宫产新生儿脐血血气的影响

目的 观察芬太尼硬膜外注射对剖宫产新生儿脐带血血气的变化。方法 按芬太尼用量0、50、100μg分为A、B、C3组进行局麻剖宫产，测定胎儿娩出时脐带动、静脉血的血气。结果 A、B、C3组血气差异无显著性。结论 50～100μg芬太尼麻醉实施剖宫产可提高麻醉质量、保证产妇和胎儿的安全。     

局麻药的脊髓神经毒性

由于蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉后发生马尾综合征等神经毒性的报道逐渐增多,局麻药对脊髓神经的毒性也引起广泛关注.本文就局麻药脊髓神经毒性的临床表现、损伤部位、相关因素、发生机制做一简要综述.     

浅静脉全麻复合髂腹股沟神经阻滞用于小儿疝修补术临床观察

2～5岁小儿腹股沟斜疝是小儿外科常见的病种之一。小儿疝修补术也成为小儿常见的手术之一，由于这个年龄段的小儿体重较大，尚不能配合麻醉医师及手术医师进行麻醉及手术。单纯静脉麻醉需要用较大剂量的静脉全麻药才能使小儿达到充分的镇静、止痛作用。由于这种手术时间较短，大剂量应用全麻药既不安全，又易发生患儿术后苏醒延迟，现已少用。近年来我们采用浅静脉全麻复合腹股沟神经阻滞用于小儿疝修补手术，取得良好效果。现总结如下。     

磷酸肌酸钠复合氨甲环酸对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者心肌和血液保护作用的研究

Objective To investigate whether the supplement of creatine phosphate sodium and tranexamic acid to cardioplegic solutions can improve myocardial protection and blood conservation in off-pump coronary artery bypass graft(OPCABG).Methods 280 patients undergoing OPCABG were randomly assigned to experimental group (CP with TA group, n=70 ) , creatine phosphate sodium group (CP group, n=70), tranexamic acid group (TA group, n=70) and control group (n=70). Before BACG,creatine phosphate sodium ( 100 mg/kg) combined with tranexamic acid (30 mg/kg), creatine phosphate sodium ( 100 mg/kg),tranexamic acid (30 mg/kg), and equal volume of normal saline were given intravenously in each group respectively. Venous blood samples were taken preoperatively, and at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, 7 d postoperatively to analyze creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), troponin (cTnI) ; Meanwhile, the amount of cumulative chest fluid drainage and inotropic agent and blood transfused were also recorded. Results The plasma concentrations of CK-MB in experimental group at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h postoperatively (15±6), (14±5), (16±10), (15±6) and (13±6) U/ml and the plasma concentrations of cTnI(235±1.53), (2.72±1.46), (2.64±1.32),(1.16±0.76) and (0.48±0.24) mg/L were significantly lower than those in group CP, group TA and control group (P＜0.05). The amount of postoperative cumulative chest fluid at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h were (246±56), (420±82), (680±114), (725±126) and (730±130) ml drainage and blood transfuison in experimental group (5/70) were also significantly lower than those in other groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion For patients undergoing OPCABG, creatine phosphate sodium combined with tranexamic acid plays an important role in myocardial protection and blood conservation without increasing the surgical mortality and the incidence of postoperative complications.     

大剂量磷酸肌酸钠预先给药对心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨大剂量磷酸肌酸钠预先给药对心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 择期拟行二尖瓣-主动脉瓣置换术患者246例,年龄42～71岁,体重45～80 kg,随机分为2组:对照组(NS组,n=122)和磷酸肌酸钠预先给药组(CP组,n=124).CP组切皮时开始中心静脉输注磷酸肌酸钠10g(溶于100ml生理盐水),输注时间60 min,NS组静脉输注等容量生理盐水,分别于麻醉前、术后第1天和第5天采集颈内静脉血样,检测血清磷酸肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶同工酶的活性,测定心肌肌钙蛋白I浓度,观察心律失常、心肌梗塞的发生情况及自动复跳情况,记录使用正性肌力药多巴胺(≥5 μg·kg-1·min-1)和肾上腺素的患者例数及左室射血分数.结果 与NS组比较,CP组术后第1天和第5天血清磷酸肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶同工酶的活性及心肌肌钙蛋白I浓度降低,使用多巴胺和肾上腺素的患者例数减少,术后心律失常和心肌梗塞的发生率降低,自动复跳率及左室射血分数升高(P<0.05).结论 大剂量磷酸肌酸钠(10 g)预先给药可减轻二尖瓣-主动脉瓣置换术患者的心肌缺血再灌注损伤,改善心脏功能.     

大剂量磷酸肌酸钠预先给药对心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of high-dose creatine phosphate (CP) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. Methods Two hundred and forty-six ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients aged 42-71 yr weighing 45-80 kg undergoing mitral-aortic valve replacement were randomly assigned into 2 groups: control group ( n = 122) and CP group ( n = 124). CP 10 g in 100 ml normal saline (NS) was infused over 60 min starting from the beginning of operation in group CP. In control group NS 100 ml was infused instead of CP. Blood samples were collected before anesthesia and on 1st and 5th postoperative day for determination of serum CK, CK-MB and LDH activity and cTnI concentration. The number of patients receiving dopamine and adrenaline at the time of return of spontaneous heart beat and 12, 24 and 48 h after operation was recorded. The incidence of arrhythmia (auricular fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmia), myocardial infarct and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were also compared between the 2 groups. Results Serum CK, CK-MB and LDH activity and cTnI concentration on 1st and 5th postoperative day, the doses of dopamine and adrenalin, the incidence of arrhythmia and myocardial infarct were significantly lower in group CP than in control group. The postoperative LVEF and the incidence of spontaneous recovery of spontaneous heart-beat were significantly higher in group CP than in control group. Conclusion Pretreatment with high dose CP can protect myocardium against I/R injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB.     

联合颈丛臂丛用于锁骨手术的观察

锁骨骨折是骨科较多见的骨折之一。近年来，我们采用联合颈丛臂丛神经阻滞作为锁骨骨折内固定手术的麻醉方法，效果良好。现将60例联合颈丛臂丛应用于锁骨骨折内固定病例总结如下。