干预性措施对上海和青岛郊区已婚育龄妇女节育状况的影响

对上海和青岛郊区已婚育龄妇女节育状况的调查发现,25岁以下的已婚妇女避孕现用率最低,有孩子的妇女现用率高.研究还发现给予宣教和引进新避孕方法进行干预后.避孕现用率比干预前提高(OR=1.4～1,5),干预后使用皮下埋植剂和新型IUD(T型)的妇女增多,提示干预性措施是有效果的.     

芙蓉Cu200C宫内节育器系统评估

目的：系统评估芙蓉（FR）Cu200C IUD的安全性、有效性和可接受性。方法：通过电子和手工检索查阅1988年4月～2006年5月国内外发表的相关文献，按照循证医学的原则进行筛选和评估。结果：共检索到22篇相关文献，按标准纳入5篇。纳入文献的结果显示。置器后1年，FRCu200C IUD的累积妊娠率略高于母体乐（ML）Cu375 IUD，因症取出率也趋向高于MLCu375 IUD；FRCu200C IUD的经量增多发生率低于MLCu375 IUD；置器后1、2、5年FRCu200C IUD的累积续用率均趋向低于MLCu375 IUD。结论：FRCu200C IUD的临床效果，尤其是有效性，接近或略差于MLCu375 IUD。建议在推广使用FRCu200C IUD前，对其开展多中心随机对照临床研究，进一步证实其安全性、有效性和可接受性；建议由非FRCu200C IUD研制单位主持临床试验，观察年限应≥5年。     

Choice and Changes of Contraceptive Methods after Primiparous Delivery in Shanghai

Totally,3 701 primiparous women in Shanghai were followed up for 15 months after delivery to assess their initial and subsequent changes in choice of contraceptive methods.Results showed that 15 months after delivery,95.46% of women had already used a contraceptive method.The leading first choice of contraceptive methodsamong urban women was the condom(50.72%) or IUD(29.09%),while the leading first choice among rural women was IUD(56.65%)or the condom(30.60%).Within 15 months after delivery,women whose first choice had been the condom tended to switch usually to an IUD.But fewer women whose first method was an IUD switched to other methods.At the 15th month follow-up,94.54% of women were all using a method,with 60.76% of urban women and 71.07% of rural women using IUDs.Multinominal logistic regression analysis suggests that women‘s characteristics influence the choice of methods.Urban, well-educated women were more likely to choose condom and rhythm,and less likely to choose OC.Older women tended to use condom and rhythm more often than younger women.Breast feeding women were less likely to use OC.Women who received recommendations regarding postpartum contraception from family planning workers were more likely to use IUD.It was concluded that family planning workers should increase women‘‘s awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of different methods,dispel myths and rumors about some methods and improve women‘‘s knowledge of informed choice.     

孕妇血清中HBV—DNA与乙型肝炎疫苗阻断母婴传播HBV的效果

血清ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ双阳性母亲的新生儿分别于出生时、１月龄、６月龄各接种１剂２０μｇ乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗后，随访２ａ。随机抽取母婴乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）传播阻断成功的６４例、失败的２９例，用斑点杂交测定孕妇临产时血清ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ水平。结果表明，疫苗阻断母婴传播成功组孕妇血清ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ水平明显低于失败组，提示孕妇血清ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ水平高可能是疫苗阻断母婴传播失败原因之一。     

分析避孕效果的几种统计学方法

<正> 一、引言分析宫内及节育器避孕效果最简单的方法为指数方法,它假设因种种原因退出试验的终止率不随时间而改变,即为恒率。如:一个妇女自放器后在某个月脱落的机遇,不因月份变化而变化。当然,恒率的假设需要实际数据进行证实。为了避免这种恒率假设,Tietze 和potter 把生命表分析改变为按月计算。他们提出的方法便于估计宫内节育器使用一定时间后(一年或二年)各种终止原因的比例。为了比较不同宫内节育器的避孕效果,Pool 提出了对这些比例作大样本标准误估计计算。Tietze 提出了简化估计方法,且在实际应用中最为常用。Tietze-Potter-Pool 提出的生命表是蒋氏(蒋庆明)的精确生命表分析方法的近似。以上方法有关标准误是以大样本为基础的。这里的样本数是指各种原因的终止数,并非指参加试验的妇女数。因各种原因的终止数不足够大的话,可能产生明显的误差。长时间观察后,这种误差可能会消逝。另一个次要的问题是:这些方法在确定的时间区间内(通常为一个月)假设率不变,这需要由实际数据作进一步证实。     

产次递进比总和生育率

产次递进比总和生育率上海计划生育科学研究所高尔生，方可娟人们一直在研究量测育龄妇女生育水平的理想指标。出生率（ＣＮＲ＝Ｂ／Ｐ）是广为应用的人口学指标，简单易算，但分母为年平均人口数，包含了无生育能力的老人和孩子，故不能作为生育水平的量测指标。育龄妇女...     

Analysis of Infertility Rate among Firstly Married Chinese Women During 1976-1985

Data of “China Two-per-thousand Fertility and Contraception Survey‘, a project organized by the State Family Planning Commission in 1988, were applied to analyze the infertility rates in Chinese married women and its probable affectingfactors,The average infertility rate in firstly married Chinese women in 1976-1985 was 6.89%.The rates were gradually declining while calendar years in which Chinese women got married were close to 1985. Approximately 11.32percent of the women who were married in 1976 experienced infertility, whereas 3.89 percent of those did in 1985. The infertility rates in the women whose age of getting married were youhger than 20 years or elder than 29 years were apparently higher than those of the 20s. The rates were gradually going up while the age at women‘s menarche was increasing. The infertility rates were relatively lower in the developed economic regions of the eastern provinces and the metropolises in contrast to the western mountainous regions. The married women in rural area had slightly higher infertility rate than those in urban area. The infertility rates in women who used contraceptives before or immediately after their marriage showed no significant difference to those of nonuser.     

新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫失败同孕妇血清乙型肝炎病毒DNA含量的关系

以ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性孕妇作为研究对象，用病例。对照研究方法，比较婴儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫失败和婴儿疫苗免疫成功两组孕妇分娩时血清乙型肝炎病毒ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ含量，进一步用定群方法研究母亲ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ含量与其婴儿免疫后ＨＢｓＡｇ持续携带率的关系，证实孕妇血清ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ高含量是婴儿免疫失败的主要原因。根据孕妇血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ含量可预测婴儿常规疫苗免疫失败的危险度。为改进乙型肝炎免疫减少免疫失败比例提供指针。     

肾综合征出血热Ⅰ型灭活疫苗接种组和对照组定群血清流行病学研究

为比较肾综合征出血热Ⅰ型灭活疫苗接种组和对照组免疫后 4年的抗体水平 ,1997年 11月～ 1998年 7月在浙江省建德市肾综合征出血热Ⅰ型灭活疫苗随机对照试验现场 ,分别采集接种组和对照组双份血清 2 95人和 2 68人 ,检测血清中间接荧光抗体。按血清间接荧光抗体阳性或阴性来比较接种组和对照组的抗体水平 ,均未见接种组和对照组有显著差异。接种组同对照组免疫后 4年抗体水平无显著性差异 ,未见肾综合征出血热Ⅰ型灭活疫苗增强接种人群发生隐性感染。     

三种国产宫内节育器临床多中心比较性研究——(十年随访总结)

不锈钢金属单环(金单)是目前我国普遍使用的宫内节育器(IUD),七十年代根据子宫形态设计的硅橡胶VCu200至今在全国已推广使用约二十多年,八十年代初,国外使用的TCu220c,我国引进生产线并使用多年。一九八三年国家计划生育委员会组织了全国十三省市共23个单位参加的多中心前瞻性临床研究,其一年、二年、三年和五年的资料已陆续发表。为了研究分析三种IUD远期使用效果,我们对其九省市17个临床单位继续进