Effects of α1-adrenergic receptor on the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cells

Objective To investigate the correlation between α1-adrenergic receptor and the pathological behavior of cholangiocarcinoma, and the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939. Methods Thirty-six samples of cholangiocarcinoma were resected in Southwest Hospital from August 2002 to March 2008. The expression of α1-adrenergic receptor in the 36 samples of cholangiocarcinoma tissue and 4 samples of normal bile duct tissue were detected by SABC technique. The proliferation of cholangio-carcinoma cell line QBC939 was detected after processing the cells with NE, phentolamine and prazosin. All the data were analyzed by chi-square test. Results The high positive expression rate of α1-adrenergic receptor was 68% (17/25) in patients with lymph node metastasis, which was significantly higher than 9% (1/11) in patients without lymph node metastasis (χ2=10.604, P<0.05). The high positive expression rate of α1-adrenergic receptor was 85% (11/13) in patients with middle and low positioned cholangiocarcinoma, which was significantly higher than 30% (7/23) in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (χ2=9.753, P<0.05). NE promoted the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939 by stimulating the expression of α1-adrenergic receptor, and in a concentration-dependent manner. The proliferative effect was weakened as time passed by, and it was eliminated by phentolamine and prazosin. Conclusions The expression of α1-adrenergic receptor is diverse due to lymph node metastasis and the location of the tumor, α1-adrenergic receptor with high expression may play an important role in the proliferation and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术四孔对抗牵引技术(附32583例报告)

目的：总结带有普遍性、实用性的胆管并发症预防的系统策略和LC四孔对抗牵引技术治疗不复杂胆囊情况。方法：本组32583例，采用胆囊提钳与吸引器对抗牵引，沿胆囊分离。终止于小网膜孔；“三管-孔-脏器”牵引显露，Colat’s三角区后外侧面入路，胆囊壶腹下方“推、梳”胆囊管内侧的疏散软组织区，沿胆囊管内缘分离出胆囊管。施夹切断完成胆囊顺性切除。根据胆囊条件和术者的技能选用LC三、二孔技术7951例、逆行胆囊切除术628例。结果本组在Colat’s三角区内，发现通向胆囊的异常较粗的管道198例，暂不处理胆囊管，紧贴胆囊壁继续解剖这些异常管道的远端，186例异常动脉和静脉呈树枝样分布于胆囊壁，5例从胆囊壁推开，7例难于解剖者中转开腹，来自胆囊底、体部肝床的异常管道218例，中转开腹363例．胆管损伤、胆漏30例，术中发现胆总管继发结石306例。结论：本组从“三管-孔-脏器”显露、Colat’s三角区“后侧入路”、宁伤胆不伤管的手术原则三个方面研究预防胆管损伤、胆漏并发症的策略，开展LC四孔对抗牵引技术较安全。     

“一勾到底法”在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中预防并发症的应用体会(附173771例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中应用电剥离钩"一勾到底法"的应用价值。方法:回顾分析1992年2月至2012年2月为173 771例患者行LC的临床资料,其中133 606例术中采用以电剥离钩为主的"一勾到底法"(观察组),应用"勾、打、压、推、撕、割、挑"操作技巧。同期为40 165例患者行常规LC(对照组),观察"一勾到底法"在减少手术并发症、缩短手术时间等方面的效果。结果:观察组36例(0.0269%)发生手术并发症,175例(0.131%)中转开腹,无一例死亡;胆囊分离切除时间一般为5 min,术后住院3～5 d。对照组60例(0.149%)发生并发症,431例(1.073%)中转开腹,3例死亡。两组患者并发症发生率、中转开腹率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:LC术中应用"一勾到底法"可明显减少手术并发症,缩短手术时间、麻醉时间,减少出血量,减轻患者痛苦,术后康复快,在胆囊切除与胆道外科领域充分发挥了微创手术的优势,值得推广。     

静滴硝酸异山梨酯对心绞痛患者血液动力学影响及临床价值

研究选择冠心病稳定型心绞痛患者２６例，分别以８０μｇ／ｍｉｎ和１６０μｇ／ｍｉｎ的剂量静脉滴注硝酸异山梨酯（ＩＳＤＮ）３０分钟，经左心导管测定血液动力学参数。结果显示８０μｇ／ｍｉｎ组用药前后（１５分钟）仅左室舒张末压明显下降，而１６０μｇ／ｍｉｎ较大剂量组除发现左室舒张末压显著降低外，主动脉收缩压、主动脉平均压的降低也达到统计学意义，两组治疗前后的心率、主动脉舒张压、左室收缩压最大上升速度均无显著变化，提示１６０μｇ／ｍｉｎ较大剂量静滴ＩＳＤＮ不仅能降低容量负荷，还可使动脉系统压力下降。左心室灌注压升高，左室舒张末压和心容积减少、收缩期射血分布到室壁力量减弱均可降低心肌耗氧量，改善心肌缺血。     

非共面容积旋转调强在食管癌治疗中的应用

目的:研究非共面容积调强（VMAT）在食管癌治疗中的应用前景。方法:选取15例2017年9月至12月间收治的局部晚期胸段食管癌患者,分别设计共面调强、非共面调强和非共面VMAT计划,分析非共面VMAT相对于共面调强和非共面调强靶区和危及器官的剂量分布情况。结果:非共面VMAT、共面调强和非共面调强都可以达到靶区剂量覆盖的要求,但非共面VMAT在适形度指数和均匀性指数上显著优于非共面调强（P<0.05）;在脊髓Dmax上,非共面VMAT均显著优于共面调强和非共面调强（P<0.05）;在肺V5、V20、V30、Dmean上,非共面VMAT也显著优于共面调强（P<0.05）;在心脏的保护上,非共面VMAT在V30、V40上和共面调强、非共面调强之间没有统计学差异。结论:在食管癌放疗中,非共面VMAT有助于提高靶区的适形度指数和均匀性指数,同时降低肺和脊髓的受照射剂量和体积,有助于降低放射性肺炎以及放射性脊髓炎发生的概率。     

新形势下大型医学影像设备维修的初步探讨

对新形势下大型医学影像设备的维修进行初步的探讨。     

医源性输尿管损伤七例临床分析

我院从1981年至1990年共收治医源性输尿管损伤7例。现就其损伤原因、临床诊断、防范措施及处理作－临床分析，并引以为戒。     

美国加州大学医学院住院医师培养情况借鉴

美国在住院医师培养方面取得了巨大的成就，已成为公认的住院医师规范化培养的典范。在我国，探索和尝试新的培养合格临床医生的机制，是关系到我国临床医疗水平的首要环节，也是医学继续教育中的重点和难点。结合我国的具体国情，可借鉴美国住院医师培养的相关经验开展工作，尽快缩短与国外的差距。通过总结我国自己的经验和借鉴他山之石，找出存在的问题，保留行之有效的培养制度，去掉形式化的指标和方法，为我国的住院医师培养探索出切实可行的新途径。