儿童晚期前臂缺血性挛缩47例早期治疗体会

目的讨论手术治疗儿童晚期前臂缺血性挛缩的疗效。方法收集本院采用指浅屈肌、腕伸肌、掌长肌重建儿童晚期前臂缺血性挛缩肢体功能47例,轻度6例、中度41例、重度0例。结果随防l～3年,依本院自定标准优23例;良14例;差10例。优良率78.7%。结论指浅屈肌、腕伸肌、掌长肌重建儿童晚期前臂缺血性挛缩肢体功能,效果好,疗效满意。     

梅毒螺旋体性骨髓炎误诊二例

【例 1】　男 ,3 6岁。 3个月前出现久站或行走时小腿疼痛 ,劳累后加重 ,渐出现一窦道流黄色脓液。在某医院摄X线片后诊断为慢性硬化性骨髓炎 ,给予间断抗感染、局部换药等治疗 1个月无效 ,转我院。查体 :肩胛部、背部及四肢伸侧可见多个直径 2mm左右铜红色结节 ,质硬 ,呈集簇状排列 ,表面可见痂皮 ,分布不对称。右小腿中下段肿胀 ,前内侧有一窦道 ,有黄色脓液溢出 ,触压痛明显 ,周围皮肤不红。X线片示 :右胫骨骨皮质增生 ,表面高低不平呈花边状。血清快速血浆反应素 (RPR)试验及梅毒螺旋体血凝试验 (TPHA)均阳性。追问病史 ,有不洁性生…     

儿童膝关节滑膜结核19例误诊原因分析

儿童膝关节滑膜结核病程缓慢、症状多不典型 ,易误诊误治。我院 1992年 2月～ 2 0 0 3年 2月收治儿童膝关节滑膜结核 4 4例 ,其中 19例误诊 ,误诊率4 3 18%。现分析报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 19例中 ,男 12例 ,女 7例 ;年龄3～ 14岁 ,平均 7 8岁。膝关节病变均     

双胫骨远端急性血源性骨髓炎1例报告

患者 ,维吾尔族 ,男性 ,5 4岁。高热、双小腿剧痛、红肿、活动受限 15 d。 2 6 d前 ,曾在某医院诊断为“双侧刻苦桃体炎”,给予抗菌素治疗 4 d,症状消失。查体 :双小腿中下段肿胀 ,皮肤发红 ,皮温高 ,触压痛阳性 ,双侧大隐静脉扭曲扩张。白细胞计数 2 .1× 10 9/ L。 X线片示 :双胫骨远端松质骨呈虫蛀样散在骨破坏 (见图 1)。双小腿胫前穿刺抽出混浊样血性液体 ,涂片检查有脓细胞 ,细菌培养为链球菌。诊断 :双胫骨远端急性血源性骨髓炎 ,双下肢单纯性大隐静脉曲张。入院后急诊行 :胫骨远端急性骨髓炎骨开窗减压引流术。术中见胫骨远端骨膜…     

腕关节镜下带线锚钉固定舟月关节脱位1例

舟月关节脱位是严重的腕部爆裂损伤所致,约占腕部损伤的7％[1],其中97％为背侧脱位[2].它与许多涉及三角纤维软骨复合体和舟月(scapholunate,SL)韧带的损伤有关.手术治疗效果好于康复理疗、闭合复位外固定[3-5],但手术入路和方式的选择存在很大争议.到目前为止,推荐开放式重建或修复,这可以改善疼痛和握力...     

颈椎布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎合并硬膜外脓肿的手术治疗

目的探讨颈椎布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎合并硬膜外脓肿的诊断及外科治疗。方法 2012年1月—2015年4月,本院采用前路一期病灶清除植骨融合内固定术治疗12例颈椎布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎合并硬膜外脓肿患者。病变侵犯节段:C3/C4 1例,C4/C5 2例,C5/C6 6例,C6/C7 3例。术前神经功能美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)分级:B级1例,C级2例,D级7例,E级2例。术前日本骨科学会(JOA)评分为(9.83±4.45)分。术前红细胞沉降率(ESR)为(34.67±18.25)mm/h。术前所有患者规范抗感染治疗1周,术后继续抗感染治疗6~12个月。观察患者术后疗效及植骨融合情况。结果所有手术均顺利完成,无感染播散。随访12~30个月,平均16.6个月,切口均一期愈合。术后1年随访时,B级和C级各1例患者恢复至D级,余C级1例和D级7例患者恢复至E级。术后1年随访时JOA评分改善至(15.50±2.02)分,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3个月ESR为(7.58±5.32)mm/h,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时,所有患者均获得植骨融合,无内固定相关并发症发生,无布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎复发。结论颈椎布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎合并硬膜外脓肿较为少见,容易误诊,对可疑病例应进行血清学排查。在规范抗感染治疗的基础上,行前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术可获得良好的临床疗效。     

上胸椎结核后路病灶清除融合固定术

[目的]介绍一期后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗上胸椎结核的手术技术及初步临床疗效。[方法] 8例上胸椎结核患者接受上述手术治疗。后正中切口显露至双侧肋横突关节及肋骨,切除椎体破坏较严重一侧横突、肋骨及肋横突关节,充分显露病椎、引流椎旁脓肿,刮匙彻底清除死骨及肉芽组织。置入椎弓钉,椎管减压后矫正后凸畸形,取自体髂骨、肋骨或填充自体骨的钛笼重建椎体间骨缺损。[结果] 8例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间平均（262.5±43.3） min,术中出血量平均（625.0±333.8） ml,术后引流量平均（285.0±118.1） ml。与术前相比,末次随访时VAS评分[(4.8±0.9),(0.6±0.7), P<0.001]、ODI评分[(43.3±14.7)%,(7.6±5.6)%, P<0.001],ESR [(39.1±13.5) mm/h,(9.8±5.4) mm/h, P<0.001]、CRP [(25.0±14.3) mg/L,(4.7±2.6) mg/L,P<0.001]均显著改善。患者神经功能显著改善,后凸矫形率达（71.5±7.3）%。[结论]单纯一期...     

寰椎椎板钩联合枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定的力学稳定性评价

目的 评价寰椎椎板钩联合枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定的生物力学稳定性.方法 取6具新鲜尸体颈椎标本置于1.5 N·m载荷下,测量C_(1-2)节段的三维运动范围(ROM).标本按随机顺序,依次行完整状态(完整状态组)、不稳状态(齿状突周围韧带切除,为不稳状态组)、经寰枢关节间隙螺钉联合Gallic内固定(固定A组)、寰椎椎板钩联合枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定(固定B组)、寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定(固定C组)5种状态下的三维ROM值测量.比较各组标本的屈伸、侧屈、旋转ROM值.结果 完整状态组、不稳状态组、固定A、B、C组的平均屈伸ROM值分别为17.78°、30.69°、2.25°、2.93°、2.73°,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=216.69,P=0.000);平均侧屈ROM值分别为9.56°、17.18°、1.91°、2.30°、2.05°,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=122.75,P=0.000);平均旋转ROM值分别为44.19°、57.30°、1.22°、2.88°、2.07°,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=154.54,P=0.000).固定A、B、C组较完整状态组和不稳状态组各个方向的ROM值均明显减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但固定A、B、C组之间符个方向的ROM值比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 寰椎椎板钩联合枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定可提供与经寰枢关节间隙螺钉联合Gallic内固定和寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定相当的力学稳定性.在以上两种方法无法实施时,可作为一种安全的替代.     

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis with cannulated lag screw北大核心

BACKGROUND: The cannulated lag screw technique has many advantages in the treatment of spondylolysis, but there is still the risk of fracture and loosening of the internal fixation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biomechanical stability of cannulated lag screw treatment of spondylolysis by establishing L4-S normal model, spondylolysis model and cannulated lag screw treatment model of spondylolysis through three-dimensional finite element software. METHODS: One male healthy young soldier volunteer was selected. 3D CT scan was performed on the volunteer’s lumbar spine and sacral spine. The imaging data were obtained and saved in Dicom format. CT data were imported into Mimics research 21.0 software to initially establish a geometric model, and deviation analysis was carried out. The obtained model was output in STEP format. Three groups of models of normal L4-S segment, L5 bilateral isthmus and cannulated lag screw in the treatment of spondylolysis were established after imported into Solidworks 21.0 software. They were represented by A, B and C respectively. The biomechanical characteristics of the three groups of models were compared under five motion states, such as axial compression, flexion, extension, left bending, and left rotation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with models A and C, model B had the largest overall maximum displacement under the five working conditions of axial compression, flexion, extension, left bending, and left rotation. However, the overall maximum displacement of models A and C was not significantly different. (2) After removing the internal fixation in the model C, the maximum stress trend was similar to the model A. The stress of the model B was significantly higher than that of the models A and C during left bending and left rotation. (3) The overall maximum rotation angle of the three groups of models showed that the maximum rotation angle of the model B under the five working conditions was significantly larger than that of the models A and C. The models A and C were similar. The range of motion of the L4 vertebral body in the three groups did not change significantly. The range of motion of the L5 vertebral body in the model B was significantly higher than that in the models A and C, and it was more obvious in the left rotation and left bending. (4) These findings indicate that under the condition of physiological movement of the spine, the change trend of cannulated lag screw in the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis model is the same as that of normal model, which obtains good biomechanical stability and retains the normal mechanical characteristics of the spine, but excessive extension and rotation should be avoided immediately after operation. © 2023, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

经寰枢关节间隙螺钉和寰椎椎板钩内固定的力学稳定性

目的评价双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉和寰椎椎板钩内固定的力学稳定性。方法将6具新鲜尸体颈椎标本（包括枕骨基底部和C1-C4颈椎节段）置于1．5Nm载荷下，测量C1，2节段的三维运动范围（range of motion，ROM）。标本依Gallie内固定、双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉和Gallie内固定、双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉内固定、双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉和寰椎椎板钩内固定、双侧寰椎侧块螺钉和枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定的顺序实施固定，每次固定后测量三维运动范围。结果包含经寰枢关节间隙螺钉的内固定组在旋转和侧屈方向上具有最小的ROM，其中双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉和寰椎椎板钩内固定组在屈伸运动方向上也具有最小的ROM。寰椎侧块螺钉和枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定组在旋转方向上ROM大于单纯经寰枢关节间隙螺钉内固定组，但在侧屈和屈伸方向上接近经寰枢关节间隙螺钉，差异无统计学意义；其在侧屈和旋转方向上ROM均小于Gallie内固定组，差异有统计学意义。结论双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉和寰椎椎板钩“三点”内固定具有最强的生物力学稳定性。虽然双侧寰椎侧块螺钉和枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定在生物力学稳定性上不及“三点”内固定，但明显优于Gallie内固定。