肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能分级在成人心脏术后肾功能衰竭的应用

Objective To evaluate the ability of the RIFLE classification to predict hospital mortality in adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods From October Ist 2006 to December 31st 2006, five hundred and nine adult patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve operation were enrolled in this study. Renal function was assessed daily according to the RIFLE classification, meanwhile, APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score were also evaluated, as well as the maximum scores were recorded. Results Mean duration of ventilation support was 18(14 - 19) hours, the time of ICU stay was 1.4 ± 1.0 days, and the time of postoperative hospital stay was 12. 0(10.0- 15.0) days. 167 patients (32. 8%) incurred postoperative ARF according to the RIFLE classification. The overall mortality was 4. 3% (22/502). A significant increase (P < 0. 01) was observed for mortality based on RIFLE classification. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the RIFLE classification had more powerful discrimination power [0. 933, (95% CI 0. 872 -0. 995) ,P <0. 001]. Conclusions ARF is one of the major complications in postcardiotomy patients. Analytical data suggested the good discriminative power of the RIFLE classification for predicting inpatient mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF, and the RIFLE classification is simple and practically performed. According to the RIFLE classification, patients with RIFLE class I or class F incur a significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality compared with those who never develop ARF.     

外阴及阴道恶性原发性黑色素瘤9例临床分析

恶性黑色素瘤的分布较广泛,可分布于全身皮肤、眼、粘膜表面及神经系统。原发于女性生殖器的恶性黑色素瘤以外阴部多见,而原发于阴道及宫颈者罕见。为进一步了解女性生殖器恶性黑色素瘤的发病情况,探讨其发病、治疗、预后情况,本文对我院26年来收治的原发于外阴及阴道的恶性黑色素瘤共9例进行回顾性分析,本组病例均经病理确诊。临床资料本组发病年龄38～70岁,平均年龄为51.9岁,接近文献报道外阴平均年龄为54岁、阴道为53岁的数值。9例中发生于外阴者为8例（其中阴蒂部位者3例、尿道口受侵1例）,发生于阴道者1例。9例病人首次来院就诊前有3例…     

血液回收技术对婴幼儿心脏外科术后临床结果的影响

目的评价心脏矫治术期间使用血液回收(CS)技术处理回输术中出血及体外循环(CPB)管路余血对心脏外科患儿节约用血的意义和对临床结果的影响。方法根据术中是否使用CS,将100例在CPB下行先天性心脏病矫治术的患儿随机分为两组:洗血球组(CS组,n=50)和对照组(CON组,n=50)。记录两组患儿围术期红细胞比容(Hct),术后输入洗涤红细胞(RBCs)、血浆及血小板量,术后肝肾功能,术后24 h胸腔引流量,升压药使用时间和机械通气时间、ICU时间和住院时间,并进行统计学分析。结果两组患儿均痊愈出院。术后输入库血量及术后输血率CS组均明显低于CON组(P<0.05)。术后升压药使用时间CS组明显低于CON组(P<0.05)。两组患儿其余指标及术后恢复情况无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论对先天性心脏病婴幼儿手术期间使用CS处理术中出血和CPB管路余血可以明显减少术后输血量以及输血患儿的比率,达到节约用血的目的。     

二尖瓣替换术后房颤转复为窦性心律的临床分析

在风湿性心脏病二尖瓣病变中，慢性心房纤颤（简称房颤）是一种常见的并发症。房颤会给病人带来许多问题，如左房血栓形成、体循环栓塞、心房扩大和心输出量减少等并发症，从而增加了死亡率，影响了生活质量的提高。因此，人们一直采用各种方法使之转复为窦性心律。风湿性心脏病二尖瓣替换术同时给予电除颤，可使部分病人恢复窦性心律。本组对89例患风湿性心脏病二尖瓣替换术后房颤转复情况进行了回顾性研究，根据手术后病人出院时的心律情况将病人分为两组，A组为出院时仍为房颤者，B组为出院时为窦性心律者。分析结果表明，风湿性心脏病二尖瓣替换术后，解除了机械梗阻，部分术前伴有房颤的病人术后可以转复为窦性心律，但能维持至1个月以上者较少，仅占手术病人的15．7％。病人手术时的年龄、房颤病史长短及左房径对房颤转复情况有显著影响，且可以预见其短期效果，根据本组病例分析的结果表明，年龄小于40岁、房颤病史不超过一年、左房径小于55mm的病人，窦性心律可维持在1个月以上。     

妊娠合并主动脉疾病患者围术期管理的临床分析

目的:研究合并主动脉疾病的孕产妇在围术期给予兼顾各主要系统功能和孕产妇需求特点的重症集束化治疗,观察治疗效果。方法:收集2012年12月1日至2018年8月31日,北京安贞医院心脏大血管外科收治合并主动脉疾病并行手术治疗的孕产妇,术后返回心外科监护室(ICU)的18例患者,术后给予集束化治疗。包括:①循环系统:维持心排、调整血管张力、根据容量状态失液成分调整补液速度与种类;②呼吸系统:抗炎性反应、减少肺间质渗出、循环平稳后翻身体疗、中低水平肺复张、拔管后氧合指数PaO2/FiO2<200者行无创正压通气至少6 h;③生殖系统:产妇予催产素、管理宫腔水囊、回奶等治疗,孕妇有分娩先兆与妇产科配合决定分娩方式等;④其他出凝血与神经、内分泌系统治疗;维护肝肾功能,急性肾损伤(AKI)尽早行连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT);加强心理护理与ICU早期康复。结果:处理后与入ICU时(0 h)比较:①心率24 h时上升,48 h之后下降;平均动脉压(MAP)24 h时上升,48 h之后下降;乳酸:24 h时较0 h时有明显升高(P<0.05),之后下降,出ICU时明显减低(P<0.05);②呼吸频率无显著性差异;与0 h时比较PaO2/FiO224 h时下降[(235.6±45.7)vs.(167.3±27.5),P<0.05],48 h仍有降低[(235.6±45.7)vs.(186.6±23.2),P<0.05],72 h时无明显差异;③主要合并症:谵妄3例(16.7%),切口愈合不良3例(16.7%),二次气管插管2例(11.1%),肺部感染2例(11.1%),急性呼吸窘迫综合症1例(5.6%);④住院时间(15.0±4.4)d,ICU时间(5.6±2.5)d。结论:主动脉疾病围术期孕产妇呼吸系统及循环系统不稳定于术后24 h时高发,积极集束化处理可有效改善,各系统并发症发生率较高,需注意谵妄发生率及切口愈合情况,综合制定围术期管理方案。     

急性心肌梗死合并二尖瓣反流的外科治疗

目的:初步探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并二尖瓣反流(MR)的外科治疗方法。方法:2008年8月至2011年8月,收治AMI合并MR患者34例。男性25例,女性9例;年龄42～75岁,平均(61.5±10.4)岁。EuroScore评分4～12分,平均5.8分。所有患者均经冠状动脉造影证实,为冠状动脉多支病变无法行介入治疗。心功能平均3.1级(NYHA),心源性休克2例,术前主动脉球囊反搏(IABP)3例。体表超声Doppler检查,根据反流面积及缩流径宽度,将MR分为1+～4+级,其中1+～2+级12例,3+级16例,4+级6例;根据反流部位及室壁运动情况结合冠状动脉造影进行Carpentier二尖瓣反流功能分型:Ⅰ型8例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲb型22例;根据左心室舒张末期径线及射血分数(LVEF),判断心肌梗死对心脏结构造成的损伤程度,34例左心室舒张末径37～70 mm,平均(51±7.8)mm,其中>65 mm 6例。综合MR分型、分级及左心室径线决定是否同期行二尖瓣手术。本组采用以下标准:(1)CarpentierⅠ型患者,如MR达到4+级;(2)Carpentier II型,MR为3+～4+级患者;(3)CarpentierⅢb型、MR为4+级同时左心室舒张末径>65 mm患者,同期矫正二尖瓣反流。余均采用单纯冠状动脉搭桥手术。本组单纯冠状动脉搭桥手术28例,冠状动脉搭桥合并二尖瓣成型或替换6例。随访时间1～36个月,平均(20.5±8)个月。结果:全组死亡2例(5.9%),其中围手术期死亡1例,术后1年死亡1例。搭桥根数平均为2.3根/例。完全再血管化27例(79.1%),不完全血管化7例(21.9%)。心功能分级平均1.06级(NYHA)。二尖瓣反流随访结果:28例单纯冠状动脉搭桥组,12例MR完全消失或微量,13例MR为3+级患者手术后减少为微量到少量,MR矫正成功率为89.3%;3例MR无改善或恶化,均为不完全血管化患者。冠状动脉搭桥合并二尖瓣成型或替换组,围手术期死亡1例,1例术后为MR 2+级,4例MR消失。结论:通过综合分析MR分型、分级及左心室舒张末期径线,决定对于急性心肌梗死合并二尖瓣反流的患者是否同期矫正二尖瓣反流,可获得满意的临床疗效。完全再血管化是手术的关键。体外循环辅助下不停跳搭桥,是心肌损伤最小化的前提下,保证完全再血管化的重要手段。     

应用体外膜式人工肺氧合治疗体外循环脱机困难38例的临床经验

目的:总结心脏外科术后脱离体外循环机困难的患者接受体外膜式氧合(ECMO)治疗的临床经验。方法:2004年9月至2010年12月北京安贞医院共38例患者行ECMO治疗,男性29例,女性9例,年龄6个月～74岁,ECMO辅助时间6～280 h,平均65 h。结果:ECMO成功脱机20例(52.6%),其中14例(36.8%)痊愈,6例脱机后死亡;18例未能脱机均死亡。结论:ECMO对于体外循环脱机困难患者是一种有效的辅助措施,及早应用并积极防治ECMO并发症可提高院内生存率。     

体外循环动脉微栓过滤器性能离体实验研究

目的:通过离体实验评价成人型动脉滤器(QUART)、米道斯动脉滤器(MEDOS)和宁波动脉微栓滤器的跨滤器压差和气泡去除能力。方法:分别选用QUART、MEDOS和宁波3种动脉过滤器各15个,依次为QG组、MG组和NG组,连接模拟体外循环管路,使用1 000 mL0.9%氯化钠预充环路,并在管路上连接Stockert气泡捕捉器。同时在动脉滤器的入口端、出口端和排气管处连接电子测压仪,使用管钳维持动脉滤器出口处压力为80 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),测定动脉滤器入口端、出口端和排气管处的压力。在流量为5.0 L/min时,于动脉滤器入口处每隔1 min加入10 mL空气,最多不超过80mL。结果:预充后NG组中9个(9/15,60.0%)动脉微栓滤器发出报警音,明显高于QG组和MG组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);首次倒排时,QG、MG和NG组分别有1/15(6.7%)、13/15(86.7%)和15/15(100.0%)发出报警音,QG组明显低于MG组和NG组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着主泵流量的增加,3种动脉滤器入口端压力、出口端压力及压差均逐渐升高。相同流量下,3种动脉滤器入口端压力、出口端压力和压差差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);流量为5 L/min,3组动脉滤器分别加入气体至80 mL时均未发出报警音。结论:使用动脉滤器时,排气需要2遍以上,才能安全使用。正常转机流量下,3种动脉滤器跨滤器压差基本相同。3种动脉滤器均有较强的气泡隔离能力。