腹腔镜微创技术施行直肠癌腹会阴联合切除手术的体会

目的:总结腹腔镜微创技术施行腹会阴联合切除术(abdom inal pelvic resection,APR)治疗低位直肠癌的手术体会。方法:2003年1月至2006年12月,我院为17例低位直肠癌患者行腹腔镜微创APR根治术。其中男10例,女7例,45~82岁,平均72岁。腹部手术在腹腔镜下完成,会阴部手术按常规手术进行。结果:17例中14例(82.4%)采用完全腹腔镜术式,3例(17.6%)采用腹腔镜辅助术式。手术中均未行盆底腹膜关闭和结肠造口旁间隙关闭。平均手术时间为(166.2±42.7)m in,全组无手术死亡病例。术后早期并发症有会阴部切口感染2例(11.8%),不全性肠梗阻1例(5.9%)。术后随访2~48个月,平均26个月,最长无瘤生存期48个月,造口旁疝1例(5.9%),远处转移1例(5.9%),无局部复发,无戳口和切口肿瘤种植以及肠梗阻发生。结论:腹腔镜微创技术用于APR手术具有患者创伤小的优势;术中造成的系膜裂孔和盆底腹膜均无缝合关闭的必要,但结肠造口必须严密缝合腹膜防止造口旁疝形成;会阴部手术必须严格无菌操作预防感染。腹腔镜微创技术是APR手术的较好方式。     

80岁以上高龄结直肠癌患者接受腹腔镜辅助根治手术的围手术期安全性观察

目的:通过比较高龄结直肠癌患者接受腹腔镜辅助根治性手术与传统开腹根治性手术的围手术期情况,了解腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治手术对高龄结直肠癌患者的治疗安全性。方法:2006年1月至2008年6月,69例大于等于80岁的结直肠癌患者接受限期性根治手术,其中26例接受腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术(腹腔镜组),男13例,女13例,平均(83.91±3.02)岁(80～90岁);43例接受传统开腹结直肠癌根治术(开腹组),男29例,女14例,平均(83.70±3.43)岁(80～91岁)。回顾性分析比较两组患者的术前评估(ASA评分)、术前合并症情况、手术病理分级(Dukes分期)、术中及术后血气分析变化、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、住院天数及并发症等围手术期情况。结果:手术前,两组间的ASA评分无显著差异(Ⅰ级5:8,Ⅱ级19:32,Ⅲ级2:3,P>0.05),伴随的合并症发生率无显著差异(19/26,73.1%vs.26/43,60.5%,P>0.05)。腹腔镜组术中未出现高碳酸血症。术后24h与72h出现血气分析异常,分别为5人及2人,与开腹组的18人和7人相比,有显著性差异(P<0.05);腹腔镜组恢复排气时间显著短于开腹组[(2.27±0.46)dvs.(3.68±0.58)d](P<0.05);术后住院天数显著低于开腹组[(14.55±7.21)dvs.(22.16±18.99)d](P<0.05);术后并发症发生率显著低于开腹组(6/26,23.1%vs.18/43,41.9%,P<0.05);两组手术死亡率方面无显著差异,其中腹腔镜组死亡率3.85%,开腹组手术死亡率4.65%(P>0.05)。结论:80岁以上高龄结直肠癌患者选择腹腔镜辅助根治术比传统开腹手术具有术后康复快、并发症少等优势,同时腹腔镜手术不会增加术后死亡率。因此,腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术对于高龄结直肠癌患者具有良好的手术安全性。     

创伤性双侧跨横窦硬脑膜外血肿11例报道

目的 总结创伤性双侧跨横窦硬脑膜外血肿(EDH)的临床特点和早期诊治方法.方法 对11例双侧跨横窦EDH的临床特点、影像学检查结果、治疗方法和结果进行回顾性总结.结果 11例中,2例伤后首次CT确诊,9例表现为进展性,经再次CT扫描确诊.手术治疗10例,保守治疗1例.10例发现枕骨跨横窦骨折.静脉性出血4例,静脉性和动脉性出血6例,不能确认1例.根据GOS评分,出院时恢复良好9例、中残1例、死亡1例.结论 创伤性双侧跨横窦硬脑膜外血肿多表现为进展性,以动静脉混合性出血为主.早期确诊和处理可获得良好疗效.     

颅内动脉粥样硬化相关急性基底动脉闭塞血管内治疗疗效分析

目的 评估血管内治疗颅内动脉粥样硬化相关急性基底动脉闭塞(ICAD-related ABAO)的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2016年10月—2020年11月于上海市浦东新区人民医院和上海交通大学附属仁济医院接受血管内治疗的急性基底动脉闭塞患者的临床资料,根据基底动脉闭塞病因,将患者分为ICAD-related ABAO组和基底动脉栓塞(Embolic ABAO)组,比较两组患者基线特征、手术细节和临床预后指标。结果 共纳入患者72例,其中ICAD-related ABAO组31例,Embolic ABAO组41例。两组在人口学特征和卒中风险因素方面存在明显差异。ICAD-related ABAO血管闭塞位置多见于基底动脉中段和近端,而Embolic ABAO多位于基底动脉远端。ICAD-related ABAO组患者从发病到动脉穿刺以及手术中位时间更长(409.0 min vs 272.0 min,P=0.015; 60.0 min vs 43.0 min,P=0.010)。在血管成功再通(mTICI≧2b)率方面,两组相当(100.0%vs 100.0%)。ICAD-relat...     

脑室-腹腔分流术中分流管腹腔端无需特殊处理

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of peritoneal catheter of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (V- P shunt) prospectively, and to determine simple, effective disposal method of peritoneal catheter. Method From Jan 2007 to Oct 2010, consecutive 40 patients with hydrocephalus were treated by V - P shunt. All patients were operated through puncture of frontal horn of lateral ventricle. And 4 cm straight abdominal incision under xiphoid was made and after shunt system had been connected well, the abdominal catheter was put into peritoneal cavity through 3 mm incision of peritoneum. Head CT scans were regularly made at the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after shunt to determine the intracranial state for all patients, and abdominal X - ray plain films were also obtained to confirm the position of peritoneal catheters at the same time. All the clinical data and results of follow - up were reviewed.Results Dynamic head CT scans showed good results of V - P shunt after surgery in all cases. And abdominal X-ray plain films at the 1st day after operation showed peritoneal catheter was located in pelvic cavity in 31 cases and lower abdominal cavity in 5 cases. At the 3rd day and 7th day after operation, the numbers of peritoneal catheter located in pelvic cavity were 35 and 39 respectively. Among these patients, a large acute subdural hematoma occurred on the same side of V - P shunt at the 5th day after operation. This patient was discharged with GCS 6 as his family refused decompressive craniectomy. The remaining 39 patients were discharged with average hospital - stay time of 11 ± 4 days after shunt. On follow - up, 1patient developed peritoneal infection one year later. After the infection was controlled, he was changed to ventriculo -atrial (V -A) shunt. There was no shunt -related complication occurred on the others during 1 -24 month follow - up periods. Conclusion V - P shunt through small straight incision under xiphoid could reduce surgical injury, shorten the operating time and obtain good Results. Dynamic observation of the location of peritoneal catheter by abdominal X - ray plain film is a simple and practical method. The peritoneal catheter will located in pelvic cavity at the 1st day after shunt in vast majority. There is no special management for peritoneal catheter in V - P shunt in required.     

颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤手术治疗分析

目的 探讨颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤（OSAs）的手术治疗方法及其疗效。方法 回顾性分析2005年8月至2015年12月年收治的88例OSAs的临床资料。88例共109枚动脉瘤。无眼部症状的48例69枚小型动脉瘤中，支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞49枚，单纯弹簧圈栓塞20枚；无眼部症状的17例单发大型或巨大动脉瘤中，球囊辅助栓塞2例，支架辅助栓塞13例，球囊联合支架辅助栓塞2例；合并视力障碍的23例（均为单发动脉瘤，小型动脉瘤12枚，大型或巨大型动脉瘤11枚），12例栓塞，11例行动脉瘤夹闭术。结果 栓塞治疗的98枚动脉瘤术后即刻造影示，致密栓塞87枚，瘤颈部分显影11枚。88例术后平均随访18个月，术后6个月DSA或CTA随访，致密栓塞的47枚小型动脉瘤中，复发2枚（4.2%）；17例大型或巨大型动脉瘤中，复发5例（29.4%）。合并视力障碍的23例中，术后眼部症状改善13例（栓塞6例，夹闭7例），未见明显变化6例（栓塞3例，夹闭3例），加重4例（栓塞3例，夹闭1例）。结论 血管内栓塞治疗OSAs微创、安全、有效，但对改善视力障碍而言，夹闭术可能优于栓塞术。     

高龄患者腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术的安全性观察

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术对高龄结直肠癌患者治疗的安全性。方法2006年1月至2009年12月,84例年龄≥80岁的结直肠癌患者接受限期性根治手术,其中36例接受腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术（腹腔镜组）,男17例,女19例,年龄80～90岁,平均年龄（83．61±3．22）岁;48例接受传统开腹结直肠癌根治术（开腹组）,男29例,女19例,年龄80～91岁,平均年龄（83．17±3．13）岁。回顾性分析两组患者的术前评估（ASA评分）、术前合并症情况、手术病理分期（Dukes分期）、术中及术后血气分析变化、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院时间以及术后并发症等围手术期情况。结果手术前,腹腔镜组ASA评分Ⅰ级10例、Ⅱ级23例、Ⅲ级3例,开腹组分别为12例、32例、4例,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。腹腔镜组术中无一例出现高二氧化碳血症,术后24h、72h出现血气分析异常的患者分别为6例、4例,与开腹组中的31例和10例相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;腹腔镜组恢复排气时间（2．11±0．26）d,显著短于开腹组（3．88±0．28）d（P〈0．05）;腹腔镜组的术后住院时间（12．55±6．29）d显著少于开腹组（24．3I±12．79）d（P〈0．05）;腹腔镜组的术后并发症发生率为25．0％,显著低于开腹组43．8％（P〈0．05）;腹腔镜组死亡率为2．78％,开腹组为4．16％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论80岁以上高龄结直肠癌患者选择腹腔镜辅助根治手术比传统开腹手术具有术后恢复快及术后并发症少的优势,同时腹腔镜手术不会增加术后死亡率。因此,腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治手术方式对于高龄结直肠癌患者具有良好的手术安全性。     

脑室-腹腔分流术中分流管腹腔端无需特殊处理

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of peritoneal catheter of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (V- P shunt) prospectively, and to determine simple, effective disposal method of peritoneal catheter. Method From Jan 2007 to Oct 2010, consecutive 40 patients with hydrocephalus were treated by V - P shunt. All patients were operated through puncture of frontal horn of lateral ventricle. And 4 cm straight abdominal incision under xiphoid was made and after shunt system had been connected well, the abdominal catheter was put into peritoneal cavity through 3 mm incision of peritoneum. Head CT scans were regularly made at the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after shunt to determine the intracranial state for all patients, and abdominal X - ray plain films were also obtained to confirm the position of peritoneal catheters at the same time. All the clinical data and results of follow - up were reviewed.Results Dynamic head CT scans showed good results of V - P shunt after surgery in all cases. And abdominal X-ray plain films at the 1st day after operation showed peritoneal catheter was located in pelvic cavity in 31 cases and lower abdominal cavity in 5 cases. At the 3rd day and 7th day after operation, the numbers of peritoneal catheter located in pelvic cavity were 35 and 39 respectively. Among these patients, a large acute subdural hematoma occurred on the same side of V - P shunt at the 5th day after operation. This patient was discharged with GCS 6 as his family refused decompressive craniectomy. The remaining 39 patients were discharged with average hospital - stay time of 11 ± 4 days after shunt. On follow - up, 1patient developed peritoneal infection one year later. After the infection was controlled, he was changed to ventriculo -atrial (V -A) shunt. There was no shunt -related complication occurred on the others during 1 -24 month follow - up periods. Conclusion V - P shunt through small straight incision under xiphoid could reduce surgical injury, shorten the operating time and obtain good Results. Dynamic observation of the location of peritoneal catheter by abdominal X - ray plain film is a simple and practical method. The peritoneal catheter will located in pelvic cavity at the 1st day after shunt in vast majority. There is no special management for peritoneal catheter in V - P shunt in required.     

鼻咽癌放疗后主动脉弓上动脉狭窄血管内支架置入的疗效分析

目的探讨血管内支架置入治疗鼻咽癌放疗后主动脉弓上动脉狭窄病变的疗效。方法回顾性分析8例鼻咽癌放疗后症状性主动脉弓上动脉中重度狭窄行血管内支架置入术患者的临床资料,观察治疗后脑缺血症状的改善情况。通过颈部血管彩色多普勒血流显像随访。结果 8例患者均经全脑DSA证实,主动脉弓上颅外段共有中重度狭窄动脉24处,其中包括颈内动脉11处,颈总动脉2处,椎动脉10处,锁骨下动脉1处。(1)经血管扩张成形及支架置入后,血管腔残余狭窄率平均20%。术后复查头部CT未见出血。术后定期复查颈部血管彩色多普勒血流显像,显示血管形态良好,血流通畅,未见支架内血栓形成及再狭窄,无过度灌注等不良事件发生。(2)随访1年所有患者无再发脑缺血症状,颈部血管彩色多普勒血流显像未发现明显再狭窄。结论血管内支架置入是鼻咽癌放疗后主动脉弓上动脉狭窄可以选择的治疗方法。     

右正中神经电刺激早期干预对颅脑损伤昏迷患者的临床疗效观察

目的 观察右正中神经电刺激对颅脑损伤早期昏迷患者的临床疗效. 方法 对2005 - 2011年间颅脑损伤昏迷患者(昏迷时间＞2周)按照随机数字表法分为常规治疗组(对照组)和右正中神经电刺激+常规治疗(治疗组),治疗时间＞2周.观察患者对右正中神经电刺激的治疗依从性以及伤后6个月意识恢复情况. 结果 共纳入465例患者,完成治疗疗程437例,其中治疗组221例,对照组216例,治疗期间无电刺激相关并发症出现.脑血流灌注及脑干诱发电位检测提示治疗组出现明显改善.386例患者获得伤后6个月随访,治疗组患者(204例)意识清醒122例,微意识状态46例,植物状态36例;对照组(182例)意识清醒84例,微意识状态40例,植物状态58例.与对照组比较,治疗组患者意识恢复清醒比例明显高于对照组,植物状态比例明显低于对照组,微意识状态比例与对照组比较差异无统计学意义. 结论 右正中神经电刺激是适宜在颅脑损伤早期昏迷阶段应用的昏迷促醒手段.