高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对患者硬膜外复合全麻诱导期肺循环的影响

Objective To observe the effect of pulmonary circulation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 during induction period from epidural block combined with general anesthesia. Methods Twenty-six hepatobiliary surgical patients with ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ, aged 32 y-59 y, weighing 54 kg-73 kg, were randomized into 2 groups(n=13): hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 group(HS)and complex acetic acid Ringer's solution (RL). Above-mentioned solutions were infused 7 ml/kg respectively before induction. The pulmonary circulation hemodynamic parameters such as pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP), pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (PADP), mean pulmonary artery pressure(MPAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure(PAWP), pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR) and right ventricular stroke work(RVSW) were recorded at base value(T0), 10 min after infusion(T1), 5 min after induction(T2), 5 rain after intubation(T3), 10 rain after intubation(T4)and 20 min after intubation(T5). Results PASP、PADP、MPAP、PAWP and CVP were significantly higher in group HS at T, than the values at T0 (P<0.05); PVR in group HS was obviously lower from T1 to T5 than the value at To (P<0.05 or P<0.01); RVSW was significantly higher in two groups at T1 than base value (P<0.05), but that in group HS was lower than base value (P<0.05 or P<0.01); HR obviously decreased in two groups from T2 to T5 as compared with the value at T0 (P<0.05); MAP was lower from T3 to T5 than the value at To (P<0.05 or P<0.01). PVR was obviously lower in group HS from T1 to T5 than that in group RL (P<0.05 or P<0.01); MAP obviously increased from T2 to T5 in group HS as compared with the value in group RL(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 can obviously reduce PVR during induction pe-riod from epidural block combined with general anesthesia. In all, there is no effect on pulmonary circulation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4.     

针灸预处理对心脏手术患者预后影响的Meta分析

 目的 采用Meta分析的方法评价针灸预处理对心脏手术患者预后的影响。方法 系统检索PubMed,Cochrane Library, Web of Science,EMBASE,中国期刊全文数据库,万方数据库,中文科技期刊全文数据库中关于针灸预处理对心脏手术患者预后影响的文献,利用RevMan 5.3软件对符合要求的纳入研究结果进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入13个随机对照试验研究,979例Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,针灸预处理可显著缩短心脏术后患者机械通气时间[MD=1.73, 95% CI (1.41, 2.05), P< 0.00001],减少体外循环后患者ICU停留时间[MD=9.01, 95% CI (2.87, 15.14), P= 0.004]和住院时间[MD=2.00, 95% CI (1.01, 2.98), P< 0.0001],减少心脏手术患者术后3 d认知功能障碍发生率[RR=0.24, 95% CI (0.12, 0.48), P< 0.0001]和术后24 h恶心呕吐的发生率[RR=0.52, 95% CI (0.36, 0.74), P= 0.0003],减轻患者术后疼痛评分[MD=0.39, 95% CI (0.19,0.58), P< 0.0001]。结论 针灸预处理可改善心脏手术患者预后,减少术后不良反应的发生。     

中央脊髓综合征的手术治疗

背景：中央脊髓综合征是常见的不完全性颈脊髓损伤,目前关于其手术与非手术处理的利与弊仍是脊柱外科争论的焦点。目的：探讨中央脊髓综合征的手术治疗效果及预后。方法：回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年6月采用手术治疗的34例中央脊髓综合征患者的临床资料,男24例,女10例;年龄39~76岁,平均53.6岁;前路手术26例,后路手术8例。采用日本骨科协会（JOA）评分标准对患者神经功能进行评定,记录所有患者术前、术后6个月及末次随访的JOA评分,评估手术疗效并分析其预后情况。结果：34例患者全部获得随访,随访时间为6~23个月,平均（14.5±3.8）个月。术前JOA评分平均为（8.8±1.8）分,术后6个月提高至（13.9±2.1）分,末次随访为（14.6±1.5）分。术后6个月及末次随访时的评分改善率分别为（66.1±21.6）%和（73.6±15.2）%。术后1例发生脑脊液漏,1例发生硬膜外血肿,无一例发生椎动脉损伤、切口感染、内固定物失败等并发症。结论：手术解除椎管内的压迫是治疗中央脊髓综合征的有效方法。对于诊断明确的中央脊髓综合征,在全身情况允许的条件下,宜早期根据椎管内脊髓损伤的节段、压迫来源及程度等选择相应的手术方案,以改善脊髓内血供,减少脊髓继发性损害,促进神经功能的改善和恢复。     

基于网络药理学研究桃红四物汤干预腰椎间盘突出症的机制

目的 构建桃红四物汤干预腰椎间盘突出症的“药物- 靶基因- 疾病”预测模型,探究桃红四物汤治疗腰椎间盘突出症的核心靶点及作用通路。方法 〖JP3〗通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台收集桃红四物汤中有效的化学成分及靶点信息,运用UniProt蛋白质数据库实现基因靶点名称规范化;从GeneCards、疗效靶点数据库、人类孟德尔遗传在线、DRUGBANK数据库中查找腰椎间盘突出症的靶点。构建“成分- 靶点- 疾病”网络,并对蛋白相互作用（protein- protein interaction,PPI）网络进行可视化分析,分析排名前20个靶点的生物过程、分子功能、细胞组成和京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）中信号通路。结果 筛选出69个桃红四物汤的有效化学成分,235个潜在基因靶点,其中与腰椎间盘突出症共同的基因靶点有82个。PPI网络分析显示,肿瘤坏死因子（tumor necrosis factor,TNF）、表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor,EGF)、表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）、激活蛋白1（activator protein 1,JUN)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶（serine/threonine- protein kinase 1,AKT1）是桃红四物汤干预腰椎间盘突出症的核心靶点。基因本体论的富集分析结果显示,桃红四物汤干预腰椎间盘突出症的过程涉及对DNA结合转录因子活性的调节、细胞对生物刺激的反应、氧化应激反应以及对脂多糖、细菌来源分子的调节;KEGG的通路富集分析结果显示,丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen- activated protein kinase,MAPK）通路、晚期糖基化终末产物（advanced glycation end product,AGE)- AGE受体（receptor for AGE,RAGE）通路、TNF通路的差异蛋白表达水平较高。结论 桃红四物汤可能是通过抗炎、提高免疫、调控激素、延缓细胞凋亡等作用多靶点、多通路调控腰椎间盘突出症。     

髌骨转移性透明细胞癌1例报告

正患者,男,59岁,因行走时右侧髌骨下方疼痛1年入院。查体:跛行步态,双下肢基本等长,右膝关节无肿胀,皮温不高、色泽略暗,右膝关节间隙压痛阴性,侧方应力试验阴性,抽屉试验阴性,浮髌试验阴性,髌骨按压试验阳性。右膝关节活动范围:伸0°~屈90°。辅助检查:右膝关节正侧位X线片示:右侧膝关节间隙稍正常,关节面光滑,诸组成骨边缘及髁间隆起略变尖,髌骨内见类圆形低密度影(见图1a,1b)。右侧膝关节磁共振平扫(0.2T)检查所见:髌骨形态欠规整,略呈膨胀性改变,其内见不规则异常     

软骨样脂肪瘤1例

正患者,女,28岁,因右前臂内侧软组织肿物2年入院。患者自述2年前无明显诱因出现右前臂内侧软组织肿物,当时肿物大小约4 cm×3 cm×2 cm,肿物呈进行性生长,且生长较慢。患者未予重视,也未行任何治疗。1个月前因右上肢剧烈活动后,出现肿物部位疼痛,疼痛为隐痛,休息后疼痛稍有缓解。现为进一步治疗,至我院就诊。入院查体:右前臂中1/3内侧处肿胀明显,皮肤无黄染、无瘢痕、肤色正常,右前臂内侧局部可触及肌间软组织包块,大小约5 cm×3 cm×2 cm,质韧,边界清晰,活动度较差,无压痛,桡动脉搏动良好,末梢血运良好,无肢体感觉及运动障碍。辅助检查:术前完善各项常规检查,前臂X线片未见骨质异常。超声提示前臂肌层内可见5.0 cm×2.4 cm低回声肿物,边界清,内部回声欠均     

前交叉韧带单束重建中不同手术入口创建股骨隧道的疗效分析

背景:前交叉韧带(ACL)单束重建中股骨隧道创建的方法较多,但经前内侧入口(AMP)与辅助前内侧入口(AAMP)创建股骨隧道的临床疗效分析较少。目的:比较关节镜下前交叉韧带单束重建中AMP与AAMP创建股骨隧道的疗效差异。方法:回顾性分析2016年7月至2018年5月接受关节镜下自体肌腱单束重建治疗的63例ACL断裂患者的临床资料,经AMP创建股骨隧道的33例为AMP组,男21例,女12例;年龄19~54岁,平均(32.7±18.2)岁。经AAMP创建股骨隧道的30例为AAMP组,男19例,女11例;年龄20~56岁,平均(34.0±17.5)岁。测量两组股骨隧道长度、ACL股骨隧道位置、股骨隧道冠状位倾斜角;Lysholm评分、IKDC评价膝关节功能,Lachman试验及Pivot-shift试验评价膝关节前后及旋转稳定性。结果:随访时间为9~24个月,平均(13.2±5.5)个月。AMP组和AAMP组股骨隧道长度分别是(37.8±3.4)mm和(40.0±3.6)mm(P<0.05)。末次随访时两组股骨隧道冠状位倾斜角比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);股骨隧道位置差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MRI复查均显示重建的ACL完整。末次随访时,Lachman试验AMP组23例阴性、10例阳性,AAMP组24例阴性、6例阳性;Pivot-shift试验AMP组24例阴性、9例阳性,AAMP组25例阴性、5例阳性;两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前及末次随访时两组间Lysholm评分及IKDC评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:关节镜下前交叉韧带单束重建中经AMP与AAMP创建股骨隧道,均能重建ACL股骨止点。经AAMP创建的股骨隧道更长,股骨隧道位置更接近解剖位点,膝关节前后及旋转稳定性更优,建议行ACL单束重建时首选AAMP创建股骨隧道。     

钻孔减压植骨和股方肌骨瓣植入治疗早期成人股骨头坏死的疗效比较

目的比较钻孔减压植骨术和病灶刮除股方肌骨瓣植入术治疗早期成人股骨头坏死（ONFH）的疗效,为临床治疗方案的选择提供参考。方法 54例（61髋）ONFH分别采用病灶刮除股方肌骨瓣植入术（骨瓣植入组,25髋）和钻孔减压植骨术（减压植骨组,36髋）治疗,比较2组手术一般情况、髋关节功能Harris评分、术后临床效果及手术失败率。结果减压植骨组术中出血量更少,切口长度、住院时间、更短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2组术后12个月及末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;但2组术后6个月、12个月、末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。骨瓣植入组临床改善率为69.6%（16/23）,减压植骨组临床改善率为66.7%（24/36）,2组比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.054,P=0.816）。结论采用钻孔减压植骨和病灶刮除股方肌骨瓣植入术治疗早期ONFH的早期随访效果确切,但钻孔减压植骨术创伤更小,住时院时间更短。