Association of PD-L1 gene rs4143815 C>G polymorphism and human cancer susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1) mediated immune escape play important roles in the development of cancer. The gene polymorphism of PD-L1, in particular rs4143815 C?>?G, has been associated with the cancer risks, but with conflicting results. Therefore, this meta-analysis was aimed to assess the association between rs4143815 C?>?G and cancer susceptibility. A systematic literature search was performed to select the studies and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the strength of association. Eleven eligible studies containing 3711 cases and 3704 controls were enrolled in the meta-analysis. The results suggested that there is a strong association between rs4143815 C?>?G and the cancer risks (G vs. C: OR?=?1.386, 95% CI: 1.132–1.696, p?=?0.002; GG vs. CG?+?CC: OR?=?1.843 95% CI: 1.300–2.613, p?=?0.002; GG?+?CG vs. CC: OR?=?1.280, 95% CI: 1.040–1.576, p?=?0.020). Subgroup analysis based on cancer type suggested that PD-L1 rs4143815 C?>?G might increase the susceptibility to gastric cancer (G vs. C: OR?=?1.842, 95% CI: 1.403–2.418, p?<?0.001) and bladder cancer (G vs. C: OR?=?2.015, 95% CI: 1.556–2.608, p?<?0.001), and genotype GG carriers of PD-L1 rs4143815 C?>?G might have higher risks of HCC (GG vs. CG?+?CC: OR?=?2.226 95% CI: 1.562–3.172, p?<?0.001). PD-L1 rs4143815 C?>?G might confer an increased cancer risk, indicating this SNP may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer and might be used as a potential biomarker to predict the susceptibility to cancer.     

基于电刺激的外层型人工视网膜的研究进展

外层型视网膜假体采用了MEMS技术,通过植入到视网膜相应部位的电极来刺激神经节细胞,并且能够在大脑皮层视觉区域引起对应的特征电位反应,最终部分恢复生物体的视觉.这种外层型视网膜植入装置可分为眼外和眼内部分.后者功能相对重要,设计也较为复杂.它是由包含MPDA和微电极的刺激芯片及附属装置组成.本篇文章主体包括四部分:首先是视网膜假体的概况;其次是视网膜生理基础和视网膜假体理论的简介;在第三部分,为设计理念和MPDA的制造过程;最后,是对难题的讨论和未来发展的展望.     

价值流应用于我国公立医院流程优化的文献分析

目的分析价值流在我国公立医院流程优化方面的应用情况,为医院管理者提供参考。方法以“价值流”“Value Stream Mapping”为检索词,搜索中国知网、万方数据库、维普中文期刊全文数据库以及PubMed数据库,收集2010年1月-2021年3月价值流应用于我国公立医院流程优化的相关文献,按照纳入排除标准确定文献后进行文献计量学分析。结果共纳入13篇文献。纳入文献发表时间主要为2015年-2020年,主要地区为广东省。涉及科室有儿科、放射科、手术室、妇科、出入院办理中心、神经科、门诊和检验科,涉及优化绩效指标共6项,涉及辅助工具使用的研究共10项,涉及政策策略可归纳为9种。结论通过价值流能实现流程优化。高层管理者参与对价值流优化有着关键作用。多工具配合使用能够提高价值流改善效率。未来应更多关注医务人员满意度与成本控制。     

脂糖舒对正常和糖尿病小鼠胃肠推进运动的影响

目的：探讨脂糖舒对正常小鼠和糖尿病小鼠胃肠推进运动功能的影响及其作用机制。方法：采用正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠整体胃排空试验和小肠推进试验,测定脂糖舒对两种不同状况下小鼠胃内残留率和小肠推进率,并将这些指标分别与乙酰胆碱、新斯的明和阿托品三药物比较。结果：脂糖舒除对正常小鼠胃排空无明显影响外（P＞0.05）,对糖尿病小鼠的胃排空和对正常小鼠及糖尿病小鼠的小肠推进都有明显促进作用（P＜0.01）。结论：脂糖舒有一定的胃肠推进运动作用,其作用机制似乙酰胆碱或新斯的明。     

脂糖舒对大鼠离体小肠运动的影响

观察纯中药复方脂糖舒对小肠运动的影响。方法：大鼠随机分组,采用离休肠平滑肌实验装置,应用三种不同浓度脂糖舒（０．２０％、０．６０％、１．２０％）,观察其对离体十二指肠和回肠自发运动的作用及高浓度脂糖舒（１．２０％）对乙酰胆碱、氯化钡、肾上腺素的拮抗作用。结果：各浓度脂糖舒对十二指肠自发运动均有抑制作用,且随剂量增大而增强;高浓度脂糖舒对乙酰胆碱、氯化钡、紧不素有拮抗作用,对乙酰胆碱的拮抗作用最明显     

山药对糖尿病小鼠组织丙二醛含量的影响

目的：观察山药对糖尿病小鼠组织丙二醛（ ＭＤＡ） 含量的影响。方法：采用四氧嘧啶制作糖尿病小鼠模型,并以优降糖作阳性对照,连续２１ 天用不同剂量山药灌胃治疗,比较各组心脏、肝脏、肾脏和胰脏过氧化脂质的终末代谢产物ＭＤＡ 含量。结果：①对照组四器官ＭＤＡ显著高于正常组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１ 或Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） ;②剂量在６ ．００ｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ－ １ 以上山药各治疗组四器官ＭＤＡ显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５ 或Ｐ＜ ０．００１） ;③与优降糖组比,除肝脏ＭＤＡ 较高外（Ｐ＜ ０．００１） ,中、大剂量山药组心、胰、肾组织ＭＤＡ 较低（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５ 或Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） 。结论：山药能明显降低糖尿病小鼠组织内过氧化脂质含量,尤其对心组织作用最强,其次为胰、肾和肝组织,而优降糖对胰组织过氧化脂质无明显影响。     

微创胸腔镜与传统开胸手术治疗肺癌的疗效对比分析

目的观察治疗肺癌的临床效果时,将75例肺癌患者,随机分为观察组行微创胸腔镜手术38例和对照组行传统开胸手术37例。结果观察组术中出血量、术后胸液引流量、术后住院时间较对照组明显减少,差异有统计学意义。两组术中淋巴结清扫数、手术时间和术后胸管引流时间差异无统计学差异。     

The impact of exercise training for chronic heart failure patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and objective:Systematically review the current published literature on the impact of exercise training (ET) in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients who were conducted cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods:PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library of Controlled Trails databases were searched for trials comparing the additional effects of ET in CHF patients after CRT implantation with no exercise or usual care control up until 2020.03.07. We independently screened the literature, extracted data, employed the tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (TESTEX) to evaluate study quality and risk of bias, and performed meta-analysis with Revman 5.3 software.Results:Eight trials were identified for qualitative analysis and 7 randomized controlled trails (RCTs) included 235 participants (120 ET; 115 controls) for quantitative analysis. The results showed that the maximal workload (mean difference [MD] 26.32 W, 95% CI 19.41–33.23; P < .00001, I² = 0%) and the exercise duration (MD 68.95 seconds, 95% CI 15.41–122.48; P = .01, I² = 76%) had significant improvement in the ET group versus control. Subgroup analysis showed that compared with control, the change in peak oxygen uptake (VO₂) (MD 3.05 ml/kg/minute, 95% CI 2.53–3.56; P < .00001, I² = 0%), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (MD 4.97%, 95% CI 1.44–8.49; P = .006, I² = 59%), and health related quality of life (HRQoL) (the change in Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire [MLHFQ]: MD −19.96, 95% CI −21.57 to −18.34; P < .00001, I² = 0%) were significantly improved in the light to moderate intensity training (non-HIT) group, while there seemed no statistical difference of above endpoints in the high intensity training (HIT) group.Conclusion:During the short term (up to 6 months), non-HIT could improve exercise capacity, cardiac function, and HRQoL in CHF patients with CRT. However, due to the small number of participants, a high-quality large-sample multicenter trial is demanded.     

Renal response and its predictive factors of lupus nephritis: a 2-year real-world study of 56 hospital-based patients

Clinical Rheumatology - Our aim was to evaluate the renal response rate of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) undergoing standard treatment during a 2-year follow-up and to investigate its...     

Specific primer amplification of the VP1 region directed by 5′ UTR sequence analysis: Enterovirus testing and identification in clinical samples from hand-foot-and-mouth disease patients

Many genotypes of the enterovirus (EV) pathogens can cause clinical hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD). Therefore, rapid identification and monitoring of HFMD pathogens can be difficult, especially from the original clinical specimens. In this study, both universal pan-enterovirus and EV71/CA16 VP1-specific primer sets were designed and used to examine clinical specimens from HFMD patients. Based on the initial sequence analysis of the 5′-untanslated region (5′-UTR) and VP1 amplification products, additional primers for the VP1 region were redesigned for further genotyping of the remaining small portion non-EV71/non-CA16 specimens. With a known panel, it was possible to identify 15 out of 16 members using 5′-UTR sequence typing and VP1 typing, suggesting good detectability and genotyping of this method. One strain that was not typed by 5′-UTR was shown to be a recombinant virus. When this method was applied to examine clinical specimens from 44 suspected HFMD patients, 41 were detected as EV positive. In only one case, the VP1 sequence could not be identified. Four types of EVs, including CA16 (26/41, 63.4%), EV71-C4 (6/41, 14.6%), CA6 (5/41, 12.2%) and CA10 (3/41, 7.3%), were detected. In conclusion, 5′ UTR amplification sequencing and subsequent VP1 specific primer amplification ensures a high detection rate and good genotyping accuracy in the examination of clinical samples. This detection strategy can be used for routine evaluation and monitoring of HFMD to follow local trends of EV infection.