冠状动脉性心脏病的抗栓和溶栓治疗——《美国胸科医师学会循证临床指南》摘译

2008年公布的<抗栓与溶栓治疗:美国胸科医师学会(ACCP)循证临床指南>(第8版)对血栓栓塞性疾病的相关文献进行了全面的评论性综述,对得到的临床证据进行分级,对抗栓和溶栓治疗的临床实践具有重要的指导意义.相对于以前的版本,第8版增加了非美国作者的比例,从而使得整个指南的适用范围更广.该指南证据分级取决于两个因素:一是收益与风险、负担、花费之间的权衡,二是评估这些收益和风险的可信程度.本文选取指南中与冠状动脉性心脏病治疗相关的部分进行解读,针对非ST段抬高性急性冠脉综合征、急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死和慢性冠状动脉疾病的初级和二级预防等3个方面总结和归纳了指南中的推荐方案.     

抗淋巴细胞免疫球蛋白(猪)联合环孢素治疗重型再生障碍性贫血

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of porcine anti-human lymphocyte globulin (P-ALG)plus cyclosporine A (CsA) therapy for severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Methods Forty-eight SAA patients (31 males, 17 females) including 17 very severe aplastic anemias (vSAA)were treated with ALG plus CsA between 1999 to 2009 in our hospital and the outcomes were analyzed retrospectively for early mortality, response rate and quality, survival rate, toxicity and complications. Results The median age was 28 (13 -64) years. The interval from diagnosis to treatment was 45 days. The median neutrophil count at diagnosis was 0. 178 × 109/L. Overall response was 83.3% (54.2% complete, 29.2% partial) with a median time of 90 (23 -380) days. 10.4% died of infection within 30 days mainly of fungi infection. Only 1 patient relapsed 2 years after treatment. No clonal disease was found. The 1.5-year survival rate was 87.5%. vSAAs had less response, higher early mortality and less survival (64.7%, 29.4% and 51.8%, respectively) compared to that of SAA (93.5% ,0, 100%, respectively, P ＜ 0. 05). Grouped patients with different age, gender, intervals between diagnosis and treatment and pre-existing infections had similar response. The main side effects were fever and skin rash (52.1%), serum sickness(16. 7%), impaired liver function(60.4%)and hemorrhage(2.1%). No treatment-related mortality was found. Conclusion P-ALG plus CsA is an ideal and well tolerated treatment for SAA but not for vSAA.     

抗淋巴细胞免疫球蛋白(猪)联合环孢素治疗重型再生障碍性贫血

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of porcine anti-human lymphocyte globulin (P-ALG)plus cyclosporine A (CsA) therapy for severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Methods Forty-eight SAA patients (31 males, 17 females) including 17 very severe aplastic anemias (vSAA)were treated with ALG plus CsA between 1999 to 2009 in our hospital and the outcomes were analyzed retrospectively for early mortality, response rate and quality, survival rate, toxicity and complications. Results The median age was 28 (13 -64) years. The interval from diagnosis to treatment was 45 days. The median neutrophil count at diagnosis was 0. 178 × 109/L. Overall response was 83.3% (54.2% complete, 29.2% partial) with a median time of 90 (23 -380) days. 10.4% died of infection within 30 days mainly of fungi infection. Only 1 patient relapsed 2 years after treatment. No clonal disease was found. The 1.5-year survival rate was 87.5%. vSAAs had less response, higher early mortality and less survival (64.7%, 29.4% and 51.8%, respectively) compared to that of SAA (93.5% ,0, 100%, respectively, P ＜ 0. 05). Grouped patients with different age, gender, intervals between diagnosis and treatment and pre-existing infections had similar response. The main side effects were fever and skin rash (52.1%), serum sickness(16. 7%), impaired liver function(60.4%)and hemorrhage(2.1%). No treatment-related mortality was found. Conclusion P-ALG plus CsA is an ideal and well tolerated treatment for SAA but not for vSAA.