46例首诊伴远处转移鼻咽癌的预后分析

Objective To retrospectively analyze the therapeutic results of patients with initially di-agnosed metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods From January 1995 to December 1998, 46 NPC patients with distant metastases were treated in Fujian provincial cancer hospital. Among these pa-tients, 43 were single site metastasis and 3 were multiple sites metastases;The site of metastasis were 19 pa-tients in the liver, 11 in the bone, 7 in the lung, 1 in the brain, 6 in mediastinal nodes and 6 in axillary lymph nodes. All patients received standard radiotherapy to the primary site and cervical node region with a median dose of 72 Gy. Forty-one patients (89%) received 1-5 cycles chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-flu-orouracil), and 23 (50%) received palliative irradiation to the metastatic site. Results The median surviv-al time was 20 months. The 1-, 2-, 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 66%, 47%, 30% and 19%, respectively. Irradiation to the metastatic sites and KPS were the significant prognostic factors. Pa-tients with palliative irradiation to the metastatic site had longer survival than those without (39 months vs. 13 months, X2=8.63, P=0.012). Patients with good performance status (KPS≥80) had better outcomes thanthose with poor performance status (26 months vs. 12 months, X2= 3.95, P=0.035) . Conclusions Active therapy may prolong the survival of patients with initially diagnosed metastatic NPC, especially for those who have good performance status. Under systematic chemotherapy, radiotherapy to the primary site and supportive care, the palliative irradiation to the metastatic site may also yield a good result.     

一种朊蛋白错误折叠循环扩增方法的建立

目的建立一种类似于PCR的蛋白质扩增方法-蛋白错误折叠循环扩增技术(PMCA),用于朊病毒病脑组织中PrPSc的检测。方法将不同浓度的羊瘙痒因子263K毒株原液与正常仓鼠脑组织匀浆混合,经反复孵育/超声,共10~15个循环。WesternBlot检测扩增产物中蛋白酶K抗性PrPSc信号。结果在本研究试验体系下,263K毒株可以利用仓鼠脑组织为基质在体外迅速复制。所建立的PrPSc-PMCA技术可检测到10-5稀释的毒株原液中的PrPSc。与常规的脑组织免疫印记方法相比,敏感度提高了105~106倍。研究还显示PrPSc还可利用小脑和脑干为基质进行体外扩增复制。结论成功建立了PrPSc-PMCA技术,为朊病毒病的早期诊断和朊病毒生物学特性的研究提供了一种新的手段。     

不同剂量羊瘙痒因子263K颅内感染仓鼠临床终末期脑中GFAP表达的研究

目的 研究不同剂量羊瘙痒因子263 K经颅内注射感染仓鼠后,在发病的终末期星形胶质细胞增生程度是否与注射剂量及潜伏期长短有关.方法 以胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrill aryacidic protein,GFAP)作为星形胶质细胞增生的分子标志物,采用Western Blot和免疫组化方法检测感染仓鼠终末期脑匀浆和脑组织病理切片中的GFAP表达,经定量分析比较各感染剂量组间是否存在差异.结果与正常对照相比,不同剂量感染仓鼠发病终末期脑组织GFAP阳性细胞数量和总GFAP含量均明显升高,但各感染剂量组间无显著差异.结论 不同感染剂量羊瘙痒因子263K经颅内注射感染仓鼠在发病终末期脑中星形胶质细胞的增生程度相似,与感染剂量及潜伏期无关联性.     

46例首诊伴远处转移鼻咽癌的预后分析

Objective To retrospectively analyze the therapeutic results of patients with initially di-agnosed metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods From January 1995 to December 1998, 46 NPC patients with distant metastases were treated in Fujian provincial cancer hospital. Among these pa-tients, 43 were single site metastasis and 3 were multiple sites metastases;The site of metastasis were 19 pa-tients in the liver, 11 in the bone, 7 in the lung, 1 in the brain, 6 in mediastinal nodes and 6 in axillary lymph nodes. All patients received standard radiotherapy to the primary site and cervical node region with a median dose of 72 Gy. Forty-one patients (89%) received 1-5 cycles chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-flu-orouracil), and 23 (50%) received palliative irradiation to the metastatic site. Results The median surviv-al time was 20 months. The 1-, 2-, 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 66%, 47%, 30% and 19%, respectively. Irradiation to the metastatic sites and KPS were the significant prognostic factors. Pa-tients with palliative irradiation to the metastatic site had longer survival than those without (39 months vs. 13 months, X2=8.63, P=0.012). Patients with good performance status (KPS≥80) had better outcomes thanthose with poor performance status (26 months vs. 12 months, X2= 3.95, P=0.035) . Conclusions Active therapy may prolong the survival of patients with initially diagnosed metastatic NPC, especially for those who have good performance status. Under systematic chemotherapy, radiotherapy to the primary site and supportive care, the palliative irradiation to the metastatic site may also yield a good result.     

单心室患者辅助循环设备的研究与应用进展

单心室由于其特殊的病理生理特点,一直是心脏外科治疗的难点之一,其术后低心排血量引起的心力衰竭是影响其生存率的重要问题之一。机械辅助支持(mechanical circulatory support,MCS)是治疗心力衰竭的有效手段,可以帮助患者渡过单心室术后短期低心排血量恢复,也可以进行长期辅助循环治疗慢性心力衰竭或过渡到心脏移植,有效挽救患者生命,但单心室辅助循环的成功率明显低于双心室的心力衰竭患者。我们总结了现在可用于单心室辅助循环支持的MCS装置和其单心室辅助的临床效果,并介绍针对功能性单心室特点正在研发或实验阶段的各种单心室辅助循环设备。     

保留桡骨茎突带桡动脉茎突支桡骨骨瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合

腕舟骨骨折是常见的骨折,由于其特殊的血供特点及解剖位置,骨不愈合的发生率为5％～10％,治疗较困难[1-2].2007年2月至2010年8月,我院采用带桡动脉茎突支桡骨骨瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合19例,疗效满意.资料与方法本组男12例,女7例.年龄21 ～ 45岁.病程8个月～12年.骨折部位:舟骨腰部骨折17例、近侧t/3骨折2例,其中3例近端缺血性坏死.临床表现:腕关节酸疼,持物时明显,握力下降,鼻烟窝区压痛.X线片显示:骨折线清晰,骨折断端硬化,断端骨吸收.近折端呈囊性变3例.     

将人工智能引入网络药理学学科建设北大核心CSCD

网络药理学的提出是药理学的一大进步,它标志着药理学的研究从传统的一药一靶,一钥匙一锁的研究思想走向了系统化的研究模式[1]。在过去十年的网络药理学研究中,网络及网络科学中的多种度量指标成为了药理研究中的描述和研究工具,为药物新用途发现及药物治疗理论的完善提供了全新视角。     

斜外侧入路与微创经椎间孔入路椎间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病临床疗效的Meta分析

【摘要】 目的：系统评价斜外侧入路椎间融合术（oblique lumbar interbody fusion,OLIF）与微创经椎间孔入路椎间融合术（minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,MIS-TLIF）治疗腰椎退行性疾病（lumbar degenerative disease,LDD）的临床疗效。方法：系统检索中国知网（CNKI）、维普（VIP）、万方数据（WANFANG DATA）、中国生物医学文献服务系统（SinoMed）、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science等中英文数据库中关于OLIF与MIS-TLIF治疗LDD的临床对比研究文献,检索时限为自数据库建库至2021年12月,采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（Newcastle-Ottawa scale,NOS）对纳入的研究进行质量评价。提取手术时间、出血量、下地时间、住院时间、疼痛视觉模拟（visual analog scale,VAS）评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）、椎间隙高度（disc height,DH）、腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis angle,LLA）、并发症发生率、融合率等指标,应用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入16篇文献,均为队列研究,NOS评价均为中高质量。共有1220例患者,其中OLIF组572例,MIS-TLIF组648例。Meta分析结果显示,OLIF组手术时间（MD=-26.00,95％CI：-38.69～-13.32,P＜0.0001）和住院时间（MD=-2.81,95％CI：-3.71～-1.92,P＜0.00001）更短,下地时间更早（MD=-0.54,95％CI：-0.70～-0.37,P＜0.00001）,术中出血量（MD=-44.04,95％CI：-46.97～-41.12,P＜0.00001）更少,VAS评分（MD=-0.37,95％CI：-0.67～-0.06,P=0.02）、ODI（MD=-4.48,95％CI：-8.75～-0.20,P=0.04）、DH（MD=1.08,95％CI：0.73～1.43,P＜0.00001）、LLA（MD=3.00,95％CI：1.61～4.38,P＜0.0001）的改善均优于MIS-TLIF组。两组并发症发生率（OR=1.38,95％CI：0.96～2.00, P=0.09）、融合率（OR=2.13,95％CI：0.91～4.97,P=0.08）无显著性差异。结论：相较于MIS-TLIF,OLIF治疗LDD手术时间、住院时间、下地时间较短,术中出血量较少,缓解疼痛和功能障碍、改善椎间隙高度和腰椎前凸角更优;而并发症发生率和融合率则无明显差异。     

医院管理审计刍谈

医院管理审计是医院内部审计人员对医院内部的各种管理活动或资金状况、盈利能力及组织结构等独立的、客观的、综合的、建设性的、面向未来的检查、评价或分项研究,以帮助医院管理当局改进决策、提高获利能力和经营能力[1].