吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗运动相关障碍及可能机制

本文综述了重复经颅磁刺激治疗运动障碍相关疾病的疗效和可能机制。     

高频重复经颅磁刺激对健康被试者情绪词注意的影响

目的:观察左侧背外侧前额叶高频重复经颅磁刺激对健康志愿者情绪信息注意特点的影响。方法:实验于2005-10/12在北京大学精神卫生研究所完成。招募北京大学精神卫生研究所及北京大学医学部的33名健康被试者,在完成一般情况问卷、焦虑特质-状态量表、情绪词线索-靶子测验后,接受20Hz重复经颅磁刺激左侧背外侧前额叶,5min后完成情绪词线索-靶子测验情绪词注意实验采用线索提示范式,以情绪词为线索,所采用情绪词选自中国科学院心理所开发的标准化情绪词系统,包括正性情绪词、中性词、负性情绪词各20个,各种情绪词的维度都进行了匹配。靶子为直径3mm的黑色圆点或者同样大小的三角形,被试需要对靶子做出分类反应:靶子为圆形时,被试按下游戏杆右侧的1号键,靶子为三角形时,则按右侧的2号键。线索和靶子呈现在距离中央注视点(白色 )左右各2cm的2个白色方框内,方框高5.3cm,宽3cm。实验在微机上完成,被试距显示屏50cm。实验设计为3×2被试内实验设计,第1个因素为线索即情绪词极性(正性、中性、负性);第2个因素为靶子出现的空间位置是否被提示,可将空间位置分为提示位置(线索有效位置)和非提示位置(线索无效位置)线索-靶子呈现时间为300ms,线索和靶子出现在同一侧的为有效线索,否则为无效线索。比较重复经颅磁刺激前后健康被试的情绪词注意实验结果。结果:纳入正常被试33人,有2人重复经颅磁刺激后未完成情绪词注意实验,最终进入结果分析31人。①健康被试接受重复经颅磁刺激前的情绪词注意测验多因素方差分析结果:线索的有效性这一因素(线索化)对反应时影响显著[F(1,30)=11.5,P=0.001],而情绪词的极性(正性、负性、中性)对有效和无效线索位置的反应时没有影响。②与重复经颅磁刺激前比较,重复经颅磁刺激后3种极性词语的有效线索位置,对靶子的平均反应时降低(刺激前,中性:729.79±105.23;正性:737.16±104.73;负性:728.92±107.26;刺激后:中性:674.07±86.22;正性:689.88±88.47;负性:679.03±82.77)。其中,中性以及负性情绪词线索下平均反应时减少差异具有显著性(中性:t=2.309,P=0.024;负性:t=2.073,P=0.042;正性:t=1.945,P=0.056)。③在无效线索化位置,各种极性的情绪词线索条件下,重复经颅磁刺激前后平均反应时没有差异。结论:20Hz重复经颅磁刺激左侧背外侧前额叶提高了健康被试的注意定向,而对注意滞留没有影响;20Hz重复经颅磁刺激没有造成健康被试对情绪词的注意偏向。     

吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.     

吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.     

吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.     

吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.     

“686项目”示范市(州)2011年抗精神病药物采购数据的地区分析

目的:了解"686项目"示范市(州)2011年抗精神病药物采购种类及费用在各地配置使用情况,比较抗精神病药物使用的地域性差异。方法:对2011年"686项目"示范市(州)药品采购资料,分析东部、中部、西部和东北四大地区抗精神病药物使用情况。结果:西部地区抗精神病药物采购经费(596.35万元)明显高于东部(476.88万元)、中部(287.46万元)及东北地区(299.06万元)。东北地区长效抗精神病药物费用支出占总费用的比例(30.35%),明显高于东部(5.82%)、中部(2.19%)及西部(4.04%)。结论:本项目中抗精神病药物选用偏好上存在地域差异。     

重复性成套神经心理状态测验在北京地区正常人群中的应用

目的:使用重复性成套神经心理状态测验(The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status,RBANS)中文版作为测查工具,对北京地区代表性正常人进行测量,并分析主要人口学因素对测量结果的影响。方法:依据北京地区人口学统计资料,分层选取城镇社区/乡村村庄作为抽样点,分别从6个年龄组(18~29、30~39、40~49、50~59、60~69、70~79岁)各抽取代表性被试60名,进行RBANS中文版的测量,获得各分测验原始分,经过数学变换转换为5大因子量表分及全量表分(使用100±15表示)。使用多因素方差分析考察性别、年龄、受教育程度对测量结果的影响。结果:(1)被试RBANS各量表分在不同年龄组间分布等齐[如,全量表分:30~39岁组(100.8±15.3),60~69岁组(100.1±15.3)];(2)除线条定位得分男性高于女性[(15.4±3.3)vs.(13.6±3.9),P0.001]外,其他分测验原始分和所有量表分性别差异均无统计学意义;(3)除图画命名、语义流畅性分测验外,其他分测验原始分均随年龄的增大而下降[如,"编码"分测验:6个年龄组(从小到大)原始分分别为54、46、38、33、25、17分,均P0.001];(4)所有量表分随受教育程度的上升而升高(如,全量表分:初中97分,高中102分,P=0.008)。结论:获取了重复性成套神经心理状态测验(RBANS)中文版北京样本数据,数据表明性别、年龄、受教育程度中,后二者对RBANS得分有明显影响。     

吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.