α7-胆碱能受体基因,感觉门控P50与精神分裂症

对α7—胆碱能受体基因，感觉门控P50缺陷与精神分裂症关系的分子生物学研究现状作一综述。     

精神分裂症与KCNN3基因1137～1140缺失移码突变传递不平衡研究

目的 探讨KCNN3基因1137～1140的4个碱基缺失所致移码突变与精神分裂症的关系。方法 95个核心家系共289名家庭成员，包含107例精神分裂症患者纳入本研究。精神分裂症采用CCMD-Ⅱ-R诊断标准。KCNN3基因1137～1140的4个碱基缺失基因型检测使用PCR技术和限制性内切酶DdeI消化方法。精神分裂症与KCNN3基因1137～1140缺失4个碱基的关联分析采用基于单倍型的单倍型相对风险率和传递／不平衡检验。结果 患者组与正常父母组比较，KCNN3基因1137～1140的4个碱基缺失的基因型频数和等位基因频率分布差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0．253，P〉0．05和χ^2＝0．010，P〉0．05）。基于单倍型的单倍型相对风险分析发现父母传递与不传递给患者的KCNN3基因等位基因之间差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0．042，P〉0．05）。传递不平衡检验结果发现KCNN3基因等位基因传递不存在连锁不平衡（χ^2=3．000，P＝0．0833）。结论 本组研究对象中，KCNN3基因第1外显子1137～1140的4个碱基缺失的发生率少；分析结果提示KCNN3基因第1外显子1137～1140的4个碱基缺失的等位基因与精神分裂症无关联。     

输液过程中的药物过敏性休克的急救护理体会

目的探讨输液过程中的药物过敏性休克急救护理措施。方法68例患者均经输液治疗后发生药物过敏性休克反应,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,内容包括使用药物、急救护理措施、抢救结果等。结果68例患者主要因抗生素输液给药所致过敏性休克,所占比例高达72．06％;经对症急救护理后,死亡率仅为2．94％,有效率高达97．06％,对比结果差异具有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论抗生素是导致过敏性休克的主要药物类型,经及时正确的对症急救护理后,此类患者大多病情好转或痊愈出院,提示医护人员应增强输液所致过敏性休克急救意识,及时做好抢救护理准备工作。     

母鼠孕前慢性应激对成年雄性子代行为学和脑区单胺递质的影响

Objective To examine the effects of maternal rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress before pregnancy on the behaviors and brain monamine of their adult male offspring.Methods Sixteen SD rats were divided into chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) group and controls.CUS rats were exposed to 21 days chronic unpredictable stressors ,and the controls were stress-free.Ten days after the last stressor, all the female rats were caged with sexually experienced males of the same strain.Then we performed the following experiments on the two months male progeny, sucrose consumption measuring anhedonia, Morris water maze measuring cognitive function and high performance liquid chromatography detecting the contents of monoamine.Results The sucrose consumption showed that both sucrose intake and sucrose consumption percentage of the control progeny were higher than those of the CUS progeny ( sucrose consumption: ( 10.23 ± 4.12 ) g vs ( 6.48 ± 3.19 ) g; sucrose consumption percentage: ( 85.43 ± 20.15 ) % vs (60.98 ± 24.65 ) % ) (P ＜ 0.05 ).The number of times crossing the removed hidden platform in the CUS progeny ( 1.64 ± 1.69) was significantly fewer than that in the control progeny (4.17±2.29 ) in Morris water maze (P ＜ 0.05 ).The contents of serotonin in the hypothalamus of CUS progeny ( ( 500.17 ± 80.94 ) ng/g tissue) was lower than that of the control progeny ( ( 569.63 ± 50.91 ) ng/g tissue) (P ＜0.05) ,while the norepinephrine in the hippocampus of CUS progeny( (2315.01 ± 1397.12) ng/g tissue) was higher than that of the control progeny( (907.56 ± 207.27) ng/g tissue) (P＜0.05) by high performance liquid chromatography.Conclusions Depression or stressful events before pregnancy of dams result in anhedonia, decreased spatial memory and abnormalities in brain monoamine of their adult male progeny.     

慢性应激对大鼠海马CA1区长时程增强的影响及苯妥英钠的效应

目的　探讨慢性应激对海马功能的影响及苯妥英钠对它们的效应。方法　采用离体海马脑片结合电生理的方法 ,观察慢性应激对大鼠海马CA1区长时程增强 (LTP)的作用及苯妥英钠的效应。应用群体峰电位 (PS)的幅值和场兴奋性突触后电位 (fEP SP)的斜率作为观测LTP指标。在CA3区Schaffer侧支上施加高频刺激 (HFS) ,观察CA1区PS幅值和EPSP斜率在HFS前后的变化。结果　HFS后对照组和应激加苯妥英钠组LTP形成率、PS幅值和EPSP斜率变化的幅度均明显高于应激组和应激加生理盐水组 (P <0 0 5 )。对照组和应激加苯妥英钠组上述三个指标比较则无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　慢性应激抑制海马CA1区LTP的形成 ,而苯妥英钠使应激海马LTP的形成保持在正常状态     

母鼠孕前慢性应激对成年雄性子代行为学和脑区单胺递质的影响

Objective To examine the effects of maternal rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress before pregnancy on the behaviors and brain monamine of their adult male offspring.Methods Sixteen SD rats were divided into chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) group and controls.CUS rats were exposed to 21 days chronic unpredictable stressors ,and the controls were stress-free.Ten days after the last stressor, all the female rats were caged with sexually experienced males of the same strain.Then we performed the following experiments on the two months male progeny, sucrose consumption measuring anhedonia, Morris water maze measuring cognitive function and high performance liquid chromatography detecting the contents of monoamine.Results The sucrose consumption showed that both sucrose intake and sucrose consumption percentage of the control progeny were higher than those of the CUS progeny ( sucrose consumption: ( 10.23 ± 4.12 ) g vs ( 6.48 ± 3.19 ) g; sucrose consumption percentage: ( 85.43 ± 20.15 ) % vs (60.98 ± 24.65 ) % ) (P ＜ 0.05 ).The number of times crossing the removed hidden platform in the CUS progeny ( 1.64 ± 1.69) was significantly fewer than that in the control progeny (4.17±2.29 ) in Morris water maze (P ＜ 0.05 ).The contents of serotonin in the hypothalamus of CUS progeny ( ( 500.17 ± 80.94 ) ng/g tissue) was lower than that of the control progeny ( ( 569.63 ± 50.91 ) ng/g tissue) (P ＜0.05) ,while the norepinephrine in the hippocampus of CUS progeny( (2315.01 ± 1397.12) ng/g tissue) was higher than that of the control progeny( (907.56 ± 207.27) ng/g tissue) (P＜0.05) by high performance liquid chromatography.Conclusions Depression or stressful events before pregnancy of dams result in anhedonia, decreased spatial memory and abnormalities in brain monoamine of their adult male progeny.     

母鼠孕前慢性应激对成年雄性子代行为学和脑区单胺递质的影响

目的 研究母鼠孕前慢性应激对成年雄性子代行为学和脑内单胺类神经递质的影响.方法 16只成年雌性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组和慢性不可预见性应激组(CUS),CUS组大鼠每天接受一种应激,共21d,正常对照组不接受任何应激.应激结束后10 d,2组大鼠均与同种SD雄性大鼠合笼,以成年2月龄雄性子代作为研究对象.用糖水消耗实验测量快感缺失,Morris水迷宫检测空间记忆能力,高效液相色谱法测量海马、下丘脑和前额皮质单胺递质的含量.结果 糖水消耗实验示正常对照组子代的糖水消耗量和糖水消耗百分比均显著高于CUS组子代[糖水消耗量:(10.23±4.12)g,(6.48±3.19)g;糖水消耗百分比:(85.43±20.15)%,(60.98±24.65)%](P＜0.05).Morris水迷宫检测示2组的逃避潜伏期无差异,但空间探索测试中正常对照组子代[(4.17±2.29)次]穿越平台的次数明显多CUS组子代[(1.64±1.69)次](P＜0.05).CUS组子代[(500.17±80.94)ng/g脑组织]下丘脑5-羟色胺的含量低于正常对照组子代[(569.63±50.91)ng/g脑组织](P＜0.05),而CUS组子代[(2315.01±1397.12)ng/g脑组织]海马去甲肾上腺素的含量却要高于正常对照组子代[(907.56±207.27)ng/g脑组织](P＜0.05).结论 母鼠孕前慢性应激或抑郁会造成成年雄性子代的快感缺失和空间记忆力下降,以及脑内单胺类神经递质异常.     

慢性应激对大鼠行为和体重的影响

目的　观察慢性应激对大鼠行为和体重的影响。方法　采用慢性强迫游泳模型 ,应用行为追踪仪观察大鼠的活动量 ,以电子动物称监测大鼠体重变化。结果　应激组大鼠活动量明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,排便、排尿增加 ,修饰频繁。应激组大鼠体重增长明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　慢性强迫游泳使大鼠活动量增多 ,抑制体重增长。     

生命早期应激小鼠成年后免疫功能的改变

目的 观察生命早期应激对小鼠成年后免疫功能的影响.方法 生命早期应激采用新生鼠母爱剥夺和孤养两种方式,分别在小鼠1,2和3月龄检测外周血白细胞比例、刀豆蛋白A(Con A)和脂多糖(LPS)诱导的脾淋巴细胞转化以及外周血清对正常小鼠类别细胞增殖的影响.结果 生命早期母爱剥夺小鼠成年后外周血中性粒细胞比例由(17.94±1.24)%,(17.33±1.80)%和(21.25±2.82)%分别升高至1,2,3月末的(27.17±3.19)%,(29.75±2.76)%和(28.33±3.12)%;淋巴细胞比例降低.由(79.06±1.18)%,(77.83±3.05)%和(72.46±4.45)%分别降低至1,2,3月末的(69.72±4.97)%,(64.00±3.9)%,(66.74±2.67)%.Con A和LPS诱导的脾淋T和B巴细胞转化增强,外周血清对正常淋巴细胞增殖具有显著的抑制作用.结论 生命早期应激可导致小鼠成年后细胞性免疫功能亢进.     

慢性不可预见性应激和氟西汀治疗对雌鼠类抑郁样和焦虑样行为的影响

目的：研究慢性不可预见性应激（CUS）和氟西汀（Flu）治疗对雌鼠类抑郁样和焦虑样行为的影响。方法：成年雌性SD大鼠随机分为NS组、Flu组、CUS＋NS组和CUS＋Flu组,每组6只。CUS＋NS和CUS＋Flu组每日CUS前30 min分别注射2.5 mL/kg NS或10 mg/kg Flu;NS和Flu组仅给予相同剂量的NS或Flu。最后一次应激注射后第2 d用糖水消耗实验和强迫游泳评估类抑郁行为,开场试验评估类焦虑行为。结果：糖水消耗实验示糖水消耗百分比无组间差异,但CUS＋NS组糖水消耗量明显低于其它3组;强迫游泳示CUS＋NS组的不动时间显著长于其它各组,而NS、Flu和CUS＋Flu组间无统计学意义;开场实验示CUS和CUS＋Flu组中央/总路程低于NS和Flu组（P〈0.05）,CUS＋NS组的中央活动时间少于Flu组,CUS＋Flu组的中央活动时间少于NS和Flu组。结论：CUS大鼠具有类抑郁样行为,同时伴类焦虑样行为,Flu治疗可以逆转类抑郁样行为,但对类焦虑样行为无效;Flu对正常大鼠无情绪改变作用。