电视辅助胸腔镜下解剖性肺切除治疗I期肺癌的临床效果

目的 探讨电视辅助胸腔镜下解剖性肺切除治疗Ⅰ期肺癌的临床效果。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,选取2015年5月至2017年1月广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的I期肺癌患者84例,按照手术方法不同将患者分为两组:观察组和对照组,每组各42例。观察组患者实施电视辅助胸腔镜下解剖性肺切除术治疗,对照组患者给予传统开胸肺叶切除术治疗。比较两组患者的住院时间、切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、1年和3年生存情况及生活质量评分(SF-36生活量表)变化。结果 观察组患者的住院时间短于对照组(6. 13±1. 46 vs. 10. 39±2. 41 d),切口长度小于对照组(4. 38±1. 09 vs. 11. 84±3. 25 cm),术中出血量少于对照组(284. 62±54. 21 vs. 397. 57±61. 49 ml),差异均具有统计学意义(P <0. 05);而两组手术时间比较(165. 28±33. 24 vs. 156. 39±30. 92 min),差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。观察组患者的1、3年生存率[97. 62%(41/42)、90. 48%(38/42)]均高于对照组[88. 10%(37/42)、76. 19%(32/42)],但差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。观察组患者的各项生活质量评分[精神健康(75. 42±6. 87 vs 61. 30±4. 15分)、情感职能(81. 38±7. 15 vs. 73. 49±5. 76分)、社会功能(82. 67±5. 78 vs. 75. 42±4. 35分)、一般健康状况(79. 49±6. 17 vs.70. 31±5. 04分)、精力(84. 37±5. 45 vs. 74. 13±6. 07分)、生理职能(86. 52±6. 88 vs. 76. 93±6. 42分)、躯体疼痛(83. 46±7. 49 vs. 74. 33±5. 79分)、生理功能(70. 39±4. 31 vs. 61. 38±3. 56分)]均高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论 与传统开胸肺叶切除术相比,电视辅助胸腔镜下解剖性肺切除治疗I期肺癌手术损伤更小、短期生存率更高,且有助于提高患者术后生活质量水平,这对改善患者预后有重要意义,值得临床推广应用。     

心包内处理肺血管及心房部分切除治疗中心型肺癌

１９８７年５月至１９９３年１２月对１６例较晚期肺癌采用心包内处理肺血管及心房部分切除的方法作了全肺切除术，肿瘤均为中心型。ＣＴ扫描显示隆突下或主肺动脉窗淋巴结肿大者占５０％，术中见肺动脉，肺静脉均受累者８例，肺静脉受累者６例，２例作左心室部分切除，１５例恢复良好，１例术中大出血致心脏停搏，复苏后并发脑水肿昏迷死亡。我们认为，心包内处理肺血管全肺切除提高了手术切除率，且手术过程较安全可靠，作者对这种     

全肺切除术治疗肺癌的临床分析

目的 :探讨全肺切除术和经心包内处理血管的全肺切除术治疗肺癌的效果。方法 :对 74例Ⅱb～Ⅲb期肺癌患者行全肺切除术 ,其中 32例在肺癌的全肺切除术中进行了心包内处理血管 ,其余 4 2例行标准全肺切除术。结果 :心包内处理血管组与标准切除组术后各有 1例并发脓胸 ,其中心包内处理血管组的并发脓胸者死亡。术后两组分别随访 2 2例和 31例 ,5年生存率分别为 18.1%和 16 .1%。经心包内处理血管的全肺切除与标准全肺切除术患者 5年生存率和术后并发症发生率差异均无显著性 (P =1.0 0 0和P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :全肺切除术中力争达到根治 ,经心包内处理血管技术的应用 ,对于提高患者的生存率、改善晚期肺癌的生活质量是有价值的     

Factors affecting early and long-term outcomes after completion pneumonectomy

Objective: To identify factors that affect operative mortality and morbidity and long-term survival after completion pneumonectomy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of consecutive patients who underwent completion pneumonectomy at our cardiothoracic surgery department from January 1996 to December 2005. Results: We identified 69 patients, who accounted for 17.8% of all pneumonectomies during the study period; 22 had benign disease and 47 malignant disease (second primary lung cancer, n = 19; local recurrence, n = 17; or metastasis, n = 11). There were 50 males and 19 females with a mean age of 60 years (range, 29–80 years). Postoperative mortality was 12% and postoperative morbidity 41%. Factors associated with postoperative mortality included obesity (p = 0.005), coronary artery disease (p = 0.03), removal of the right lung (p = 0.02), advanced age (p = 0.02), and renal failure (p < 0.0001). Preoperative renal failure was the only significant risk factor for mortality by multivariate analysis (p = 0.036). Bronchopleural fistula developed in seven patients (10%), with risk factors being removal of the right lung (p = 0.04) and mechanical stump closure (p = 0.03). Overall survival was 65% after 3 years and 46% after 5 years. Long-term survival was not affected by the reason for completion pneumonectomy. Conclusion: Although long-term survival was acceptable, postoperative mortality and morbidity rates remained high, confirming the reputation of completion pneumonectomy as a challenging procedure. Significant comorbidities and removal of the right lung were the main risk factors for postoperative mortality. Improved patient selection and better management of preoperative renal failure may improve the postoperative outcomes of this procedure, which offers a chance for prolonged survival.     

Right pneumonectomy syndrome: Report of two cases

We report herein the cases of two infants who developed right pneumonectomy syndrome, both of whom were born with gross C-type esophageal atresia (EA/TEF), and a hypoplastic right lung arising from the lower esophagus, being a bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (BPFM). Appropriate and well-timed treatments for a variety of sequelae primarily caused by the mediastinal shift must be considered after right pneumonectomy in early childhood.     

Role of the lung macrophages in regulation of the quantity of alveolar surfactant

Fixation of the rat lung by perfusion through the pulmonary artery prevents the flushing of the macrophages into the lumen of the alveoli and maintains their natural distribution in the hypophase of the alveolar extracellular lining, beneath the film of surfactant. Surfactant synthesis is intensified in the large, alveolocytes of the remaining lung 5–7 days after left-sided pneumonectomy, the quantily of tubular myelin in the hypophase of the hypertrophied alveoli is increased, and the surface tension of the lung washings falls. The number of alveolar macrophages is more than doubled in this period. The alveolar macrophages utilize the excess of surfactant (tubular myelin) in the hypertrophied lungs and so participate in the regulation of the surface tension of the alveoli.Laboratory of Geographic Pathology of the Baikal-Amur Railroad Zone, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 12, pp. 646–650, December, 1977.     

106例肺切除术分析

1982年3月～1994年12月,我们为各类肺部疾病进行肺切除术106例。术中、术后发生并发症23例次占21．6％,术后30日内死亡2例占1．8％．文内着重对支气管胸膜瘘、血胸、肺血管损伤大出血、癌栓脱入对侧肺支气管、肺静脉癌栓脱入股动脉及心跳聚停等并发症的防治及紧急处理进行了讨论。此外,作者认为,肺叶切除术目前在大多数病例仍是肺癌外科的“标准术式”,但在心肺功能允许并由于技术或肿瘤学原因非行全肺切除术才能达到根治性切除时,就要果断地行全肺切除,心包外处理肺血管有困难时,要毫不迟疑地采取心包内途径。     

肺癌合并中重度COPD的外科治疗

为探讨肺癌合并中 -重度COPD手术前后肺功能的变化与处理措施。 14例患者 ,经综合治疗肺功能改善后行肺叶切除术 6例 ,肺段切除术 5例 ,肺楔形切除加肺减容术 3例。术后 9例给予机械辅助通气 ,15d后定期复查肺功能 ,围手术期针对性给予抗感染、化痰、解痉、平喘、吸氧及呼吸物理学治疗。结果 :术前肺功能经治疗MVV(L)由3 6 18± 3 74增至 40 76± 4 67,FEV1 0 (L)由 0 89± 0 11增至 1 0 4± 0 13 ,P均 <0 0 1,FVC(L)由 1 44± 0 2 1增至 1 65± 0 2 8,P <0 0 5。术后 1例死亡 ,手术成活率为 92 86% ( 13 /14 )。术后 15d肺功能复查 ,MVV下降至 3 5 3 4± 3 98,FEV1 0 降至 0 82± 0 10 ,P均 <0 0 1;FVC降至 1 3 9± 0 2 0 ,P <0 0 5。 3 0d时MVV为 3 7 0 1± 4 2 4、FEV1 0 为 0 93±0 13、FVC为 1 43± 0 2 2 ,P均 <0 0 5 ;均低于术前水平。恢复至 3个月时 3项指标分别为 42 0 8± 3 62、1 12± 0 13和1 63± 0 2 7,P均 >0 0 5 ;均已达术前水平。 6个月后MVV和FEV1 0 各为 5 90± 4 12和 1 2 1± 0 19,P <0 0 5 ;较术前有所改善 ,而FVC为 1 76± 0 2 8,较术前差异无统计学意义 ,P >0 0 5。     

心包内全肺及部分左心房切除治疗Ⅲ期肺癌53例

为了探讨心包内全肺及部分左心房切除治疗Ⅲ期肺癌的疗效和价值,1988年2月～2001年12月对53例Ⅲ期肺癌行心包内全肺切除32例,合并部分左心房切除治疗17例,剖胸探查或单纯心包开窗4例。手术并发症发生率为17.0%(9/53),死亡2例(3.8%),随访率为96.1%,术后1、3和5年生存率分别为73.6%(39/53)、34.0%(18/53)和20.8%(11/53),其中2例生存超过7年。初步研究结果提示,Ⅲ期肺癌采用扩大切除能提高根治性手术切除率,延长患者生存期,改善生活质量,在临床上有应用价值。     

一侧全肺切除术后病人生命质量及影响因素分析

目的探讨一侧全肺切除术后病人生命质量（QOL）状况及影响因素。方法对一侧全肺切除术后6～18个月的病人，采用SF-36量表辅以自制量表进行随访，采用多元逐步回归分析法对随访结果进行统计分析。结果生命质量的各维度领域受疾病的良恶性（包括肺癌分期及类型）、术后咳嗽、疼痛等症状及术后放化疗等因素的影响最大。结论一侧全肺切除术后病人生命质量下降。术后进行呼吸功能锻炼，对术后症状和放、化疗副作用进行治疗及心理干预可以提高病人的生命质量。