基于UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap高分辨质谱的葛根芩连汤的化学成分分析

目的基于超高效液相色谱-离子阱-静电场轨道阱质谱(UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS)的分析方法鉴定葛根芩连汤中化学成分。方法采用色谱柱Dikma Endeavorsil C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A)-乙腈(B),体积流量0.3 mL/min,梯度洗脱。质谱采用ESI源,正负离子模式分别采集一级、二级质谱数据。结果通过对照品指认、软件预测分析,结合文献报道,从葛根芩连汤中鉴定出67个化合物,包括黄酮类36个、生物碱类12个、三萜类及三萜皂苷类4个及其他15个。结论利用UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS系统阐明葛根芩连汤中化学成分,并初步归纳其各类主要化学成分的质谱裂解特点,为葛根芩根芩连汤的质量控制和作用机制研究提供了参考依据。     

The opposing effects of the flavonoids isoquercitrin and sissotrin, isolated from Pterospartum tridentatum, on oral glucose tolerance in rats

The effect of an aqueous extract of Pterospartum tridentatum on the blood glucose levels of normal Wistar rats was investigated in a situation of oral glucose challenge. The extract at 300 mg/kg showed an antihyperglycaemic effect in the first 30 min after glucose challenge but then the blood glucose levels rose above those of the control group, indicating the presence of compounds with different effects on glucose tolerance. Nine compounds of isoflavone and flavonol skeletons were identified in the extract by HPLC-ESI-MS(n), four of them being identified for the first time in this species. The isoflavone sissotrin and the flavonol derivative, isoquercitrin, were selected for the oral glucose tolerance test. Isoquercitrin (100 mg/kg) showed time-dependent antihyperglycaemic activity by delaying the post-oral glucose load glycaemic peak at 30 min, as did the sodium-dependent glucose transporter inhibitor phloridzin (100 mg/kg). In contrast, sissotrin (100 mg/kg) showed an opposite effect, impairing glucose tolerance. In conclusion, these preliminary results indicate that the effect of the extract on blood glucose may be either antihyperglycaemic or hyperglycaemic. Additionally, as far as is known, these are the first in vivo results on the acute antihyperglycaemic potential of isoquercitrin.     

内蒙银背风毛菊的研究

目的：对银背风毛菊(Saussmea nivea Turcz)全草化学成分进行研究、方法：用硅胶色谱技术对化合物进行分离，用化学及光谱方法对化合物结构进行鉴定。结果：从银背风毛葡全草的乙醇提取物中分离得到5个化合物．经化学方法及光谱技术(UV，IR，^1HNMR，^13CNMR)分别鉴定其为：山奈素(kaempferol Ⅰ)，槲皮素(quercetinl Ⅱ)，α-树脂醇(α-amyrin Ⅲ),α-香树酯醇乙酸酸（α-amyrin acetate Ⅳ)，胡萝卜苷（daucosterol Ⅴ)。结论：化合物Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ，Ⅴ系首次从该植物中得到。     

复方脑得生中总黄酮纯化工艺研究

目的研究复方脑得生中总黄酮的最佳纯化工艺。方法采用正交设计和单因素试验法，以总黄酮的洗脱率和含量为指标，考察利用D-101树脂富集、纯化复方脑得生中总黄酮的工艺条件及参数。结果优选纯化工艺为：上样溶液浓度0．1g／mL，流速2aV／h，树脂径高比1：7；吸附后，先用5BV的水洗脱，再用5BV40％乙醇洗脱。所得提取物中总黄酮的含量为80．57％，总黄酮转移率达83．76％。结论优选纯化工艺得到的总黄酮含量高，工艺简单，适宜工业化生产。     

灯盏细辛黄酮类成分对压力诱导的视网膜神经节细胞凋亡的影响

目的考察灯盏细辛中黄酮类成分(总黄酮、灯盏花素)对体外高压诱导的视网膜神经节细胞(retinal gan-glion cells,RGCs)凋亡的影响,探讨其视神经保护作用的物质基础。方法采用胰酶消化法将24只出生2~3d的SD(Sprague-Dawley)乳鼠视网膜制成细胞悬液,接种于经多聚鸟氨酸(HA)和层粘连蛋白(LN)包被的盖玻片中。培养72h后,将覆有细胞的血盖片转入加压装置中,加入黄酮类成分,继续培养48h,采用Fas蛋白免疫组化染色法及原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记(Tunel-POD)法进行检测,每天观察细胞形态,同时对部分细胞行NSE染色检查。结果细胞生长良好,NSE染色表明,85%以上的细胞为RGCs。给药组的Fas蛋白阳性表达指数和凋亡指数均明显低于模型组(P<0.05~0.01)。结论黄酮类成分均能对抗压力诱导的RGCs凋亡,为灯盏细辛视神经保护的有效组分。     

裂叶苣荬菜的化学成分研究

从菊科裂叶苣荬菜的干燥全草中分得2个黄酮化合物,经理化常数测定及光谱分析鉴定为洋芹素和木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖甙。     

山楂叶总黄酮含量测定及抗氧化活性研究

目的:评价山西晋南地区采集的山楂叶中总黄酮的含量及体外抗氧化活性。方法:采用显色法测定总黄酮含量;通过对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydra-zyl, DPPH)、2,2-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2′-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]diammonium salt, ABTS)和羟自由基的清除能力评价体外抗氧化活性。结果:山楂叶总黄酮含量为(79.06±2.05)mg/g。总黄酮对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除半数抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC₅₀)分别为(91.63±1.75)和(64.34±4.53)μg/mL,与抗坏血酸相比,相对抗氧化活性(relative antioxidant activity, RAA)分别为40.71%和76.64%;对羟自由基清除率较低,三者均低于同质量浓度下的抗坏血酸。结论:山西晋南地区采集的山楂叶总黄酮含量较高,有较高的抗氧化活性,可...     

The inhibitory effects of isoflavonoids and resveratrol on oxdized low-density lipoprotein uptake in macrophage cell line J774.1

The interaction between oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and macrophages are known to be important in the development of arteriosclerosis. Macrophages take up oxidized LDL, becoming foam cells, which contribute to the thickening of the blood vessel wall. The antioxidant properties of polyphenols found in vegetables and other foods have been shown to have a protective effect against arteriosclerosis. To elucidate the effect of flavonoids from fruits, vegetables and cereals on oxidized LDL uptake in macrophages, the inhibitory activity of various flavonoids on DiI-ac-LDL uptake reaction in mouse macrophage cell line J774.1 was measured. We found significant uptake of DiI-ac-LDL, but not DiI-LDL, into the J774.1 cells. In addition, polyinosin and dextran sulphate inhibited uptake, but apigenin, kaempferol, and naringenin, did not. Isoflavones and resveratrol significantly inhibit uptake of DiI-ac-LDL into macrophages, and have a protective effect against arteriosclerosis.     

EF延缓HPAT轴衰老的基因表达谱研究

目的：淫羊藿总黄酮(EF)延缓下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺-胸腺(HPAT)轴衰老的分子机制。方法：利用基因芯片技术，分别检测淫羊藿总黄酮组、右归饮组、桃红四物汤组、老年大鼠对照组及青年大鼠对照组下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺、脾脏淋巴细胞的基因表达谱。结果：老年大鼠和青年大鼠相比，HPAT轴多种神经递质、激素、细胞因子或其受体表达下调；EF组HPAT轴多种神经递质、激素、细胞因子或其受体表达上调；右归饮组及桃红四物汤组未见广泛的调节作用。结论：老年大鼠HPAT轴与生长、发育、衰老相关的基因表达以衰退的表现为主；EF能上调神经递质受体的表达并通过NEI网络的下行通路激活神经内分泌和免疫系统；通过下调促凋亡、抗增殖基因，上调抗凋亡、促增殖基因的表达，重塑淋巴细胞基因表达的平衡，延缓免疫衰老。     

Dietary Factors and Prostate Cancer Development,Progression, and Reduction

Due to the constantly increasing number of cases, prostate cancer has become one of the most important health problems of modern societies. This review presents the current knowledge regarding the role of nutrients and foodstuff consumption in the etiology and development of prostate malignancies, including the potential mechanisms of action. The results of several in vivo and in vitro laboratory experiments as well as those reported by the clinical and epidemiological research studies carried out around the world were analyzed. The outcomes of these studies clearly show the influence of both nutrients and food products on the etiology and prevention of prostate cancer. Consumption of certain nutrients (saturated and trans fatty acids) and food products (e.g., processed meat products) leads to the disruption of prostate hormonal regulation, induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and alteration of growth factor signaling and lipid metabolism, which all contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. On the other hand, a high consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, and whole grain products exerts protective and/or therapeutic effects. Special bioactive functions are assigned to compounds such as flavonoids, stilbenes, and lycopene. Since the influence of nutrients and dietary pattern is a modifiable risk factor in the development and prevention of prostate cancer, awareness of the beneficial and harmful effects of individual food ingredients is of great importance in the global strategy against prostate cancer.