青少年抑郁情绪和违纪行为的共存——孰因孰果?

目的:采用交叉滞后模型探讨青少年抑郁情绪和违纪行为共存的机制.方法:886名青春早期(11-13岁)和580名青春中期(14-16岁)的青少年参加了三轮追踪测量,其中男生的比例分别为50％和46.2％.采用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)和行为问题问卷(YSR)来测量青少年的抑郁情绪和违纪行为.结果:对于男生来说,在青春发展早期,违纪行为显著预测抑郁情绪的产生,支持失败模型理论;在青春发展中期,抑郁情绪显著预测违纪行为的产生,支持释放模型理论.对于女生来说,违纪行为和抑郁情绪相互影响,不存在发展阶段的差异.结论:抑郁情绪和违纪行为的关系存在性别差异.     

基于战略坐标和共现网络的肝脏分割研究可视化分析

目的：使用知识图谱的方法分析医学影像领域肝脏分割研究的知识基础、研究热点。方法：以 Web of Science 核心数据集为来源,将“肝脏”“医学影像”“CT”“MRI”“PET”“超声”等作为主题词,“分割”作为题目关键词进行检索,使用Bicomb 2.0对引文、关键词等数据进行清洗和频次统计,使用gCLUTO 1.0构建高频引文、高频关键词双聚类图,使用Excel构建高频引文、高频关键词战略坐标图,使用Ucinet 6构建高频引文、高频关键词共现网络图。结果：共检索到825篇文献,自2007年开始载文量逐年快速增长。高频引文双聚类分析发现5类基础知识,高频关键词双聚类分析发现6个研究热点。结论：肝脏自动分割仍处于初始阶段,虽然形成了一些主题和分割方法,并不断引入新的分割方法,但这些算法各有优势及局限,需要根据具体情况选择、设计和组合形成合适的分割算法。     

阿尔茨海默病“证—方—药”规律的共现聚类分析

目的通过分析已发表的中药治疗阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)的随机对照临床试验数据,探讨AD中医诊疗中的核心"方证""药证"规律。方法检索中文文献数据库包括中文科技期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方学术期刊全文数据库(WanFang Data)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM),英文文献数据库包括PubMed和EMBASE。检索中药治疗AD的随机对照试验,提取证候、证素、方剂、中药等中医药信息,使用COOC软件进行邻接表统计以获得出现频次,并进行上述各类提取信息的共现矩阵构建和聚类分析,二模共现得出AD关键病机(证候、证素)和方药(方剂、中药)的映射关系。结果 AD高频证候为"肾精不足""肝肾亏虚""痰浊蒙窍";高频证素为"肾虚""痰浊""血瘀";高频方剂为"通窍活血汤""补肾益智汤""六味地黄丸";高频中药为"菖蒲""熟地黄""川芎"。共现规律分析显示"肾虚—痰浊—血瘀"是主要共现证素,"菖蒲—远志"是主要二元共现中药,"山萸肉—熟地黄—茯苓"为主要的三元共现中药。证候方药二模共现分析提示"痰浊蒙窍—洗心汤",以及"肾虚—熟地黄"是AD治疗的核心方证、药证规律。结论 AD的中药治疗当以补肾为基本原则,随证辅以化痰开窍、活血化瘀。     

Pathological worry, anxiety disorders and the impact of co-occurrence with depressive and other anxiety disorders

The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) was administered to 123 outpatients with principal diagnoses of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder with agoraphobia, and panic disorder without agoraphobia (PD) to examine the specificity of pathological worry for GAD. The mean PSWQ scores in patients with GAD and SAD were significantly higher than the mean PSWQ scores in patients with PD, while not differing significantly in the subgroups without any co-occurring depressive or anxiety disorders. Patients with any co-occurring depressive or anxiety disorder scored significantly higher on the PSWQ. In a logistic regression analysis, high PSWQ scores independently predicted only GAD and SAD diagnoses. The study suggests that pathological worry is specific not only for GAD, and indicates that a significant relationship exists between pathological worry, GAD and SAD, and that depressive and anxiety disorders co-occurrence increases levels of pathological worry in patients with anxiety disorders.     

A Case of Digital Myxoid Cyst Coexisting with Epidermal Inclusion Cyst

A 62-year-old male developed a solitary asymptomatic nodule on the lateral aspect of the distal interphalangeal joint of the right great toe. Histopathologic findings demonstrated a myxoid cyst with a concomitant epidermal inclusion cyst. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of concurrent occurrence of digital myxoid cyst and epidermal inclusion cyst. Although the exact mechanism for developing a digital myxoid cyst and an epidermal inclusion cyst simultaneously at the same site is not explained, trauma might be a possible cause.     

Clinical Characteristics,Treatments, and Concurrent Mutations in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With NF1 Mutations

ObjectivesMetastatic non–small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) is characterized by complex genomic alterations. NF1 mutations may confer distinct clinical characteristics within NSCLC, and real-world evidence on concurrent mutations, treatment patterns, and health outcomes is lacking.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study was performed in patients with mNSCLC treated in the Flatiron Health network who underwent the FoundationOne tumor-sequencing. Anticancer therapies, concurrent mutations, real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed.ResultsOf the 1663 patients, 103 patients were identified with NF1 mutation. Concurrent mutations with Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (16.5%) and epidermal growth factor receptor fusion (6.8%) were the most frequent. In patients with NF1 mutation only (n = 57), 42% were women, 86% patients had smoking history, and 70% had non-squamous cell carcinoma type. Most (51%) of the patients with NF1 mutations received a single line of therapy versus other mutations and the overall treated population (44%). Platinum-based chemotherapy was the predominant first-line therapy, with programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand-1 inhibitors as subsequent lines of therapy. The NF1 mutation only group had numerically the shortest median rwPFS (82 days) than other mutation groups. Median OS for the NF1 mutation group in first, second, and third lines of therapy was 321, 498, and 210 days, respectively.ConclusionsNF1 mutations confer distinct clinical characteristics in patients with mNSCLC. These patients may have different trajectories for progression and survival than seen for other mutations, experience less systemic therapy after first-line therapy, and may have shorter survival.     

The ingredient co-occurrence network of packaged foods distributed in the United States

This work presents a novel, comprehensive ingredient co-occurrence network of foods in the United States from the Open Food Database. This network, which contains over 69,000 ingredients and 2 million ingredient co-occurrence relationships, provides a glimpse into the current use of common ingredients for food production and distribution in the United States. Understanding food intake behaviors from this data-driven perspective opens up new avenues for precision health and wellness, for example, in studies of obesity, eating disorders, food allergies, and nursing mothers. The results describe a co-occurrence network with a highly connected core of ingredients found in food distributed in the United States, including salt (4.86% of ingredients), sugar (3.63%), water (3.58%). Further analysis of the most densely connected core of ingredients reveals a majority are added nutrients (niacin, riboflavin) or derived from corn, soy, and wheat. Our results suggest a preference for a small group of ingredients that are used frequently in packaged foods and highlight semantic challenges for aggregating ingredients from food products in a systematic way. This novel approach to analysis of data from freely available food databases can be used to enhance existing methods for modeling food composition at the ingredient level.     

基于SPSS的共现聚类分析参数选择的实例研究

以OHSUMED语料库内提供的明确相关提问对为金标准和研究材料,借助BICOMB软件生成主题词-来源文献矩阵和共词矩阵,并获得各种系数的相似（相异）矩阵,对比分析目前国内基于SPSS共现聚类分析过程中主题词-来源文献矩阵与共现矩阵、各种相似性参数和各种类间距离计算方法的聚类效果。结果表明：主题词-来源文献矩阵聚类结果优于共词矩阵,在聚类分析中应优先选择。共词矩阵选择相似系数时应结合实际矩阵数据性质,并注意聚类方法原理上的正确性。     

Understanding the relationship between co-occurring PTSD and MDD: symptom severity and affect

How to best understand theoretically the nature of the relationship between co-occurring PTSD and MDD (PTSD + MDD) is unclear. In a sample of 173 individuals with chronic PTSD, we examined whether the data were more consistent with current co-occurring MDD as a separate construct or as a marker of posttraumatic stress severity, and whether the relationship between PTSD and MDD is a function of shared symptom clusters and affect components. Results showed that the more severe depressive symptoms found in PTSD + MDD as compared to PTSD remained after controlling for PTSD symptom severity. Additionally, depressive symptom severity significantly predicted co-occurring MDD even when controlling for PTSD severity. In comparison to PTSD, PTSD + MDD had elevated dysphoria and re-experiencing – but not avoidance and hyperarousal – PTSD symptom cluster scores, higher levels of negative affect, and lower levels of positive affect. These findings provide support for PTSD and MDD as two distinct constructs with overlapping distress components.