小学生心理健康与社会支持调查

目的了解小学生心理健康与社会支持情况,为有效提高小学生心理健康水平提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对调查对象进行问卷调查。结果 31.10%的调查对象自我意识水平在正常范围,49.70%自我意识水平过高,19.20%自我意识水平过低。自我意识量表总分均值和全国常模差异没有统计学意义。农村调查样本的客观支持及社会支持总分显著低于城市;在小学生社会支持系统中,父母影响占31.62%,老师影响占15.31%,家人影响合计占54.26%。结论小学生自我评价过高即自负,这种心理对孩子的成长极为不利,应予重视;小学生社会支持系统中,父母影响最大。     

The apoptotic and autophagic properties of two natural occurring prodrugs,hyperoside and hypoxoside,against pancreatic cancer cell lines

Pancreatic cancer is only the 12th most common cancer, but the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. This is due to late prognosis, poor response to chemotherapy and early metastases. Natural prodrugs may play an important role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The main aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of five natural prodrugs, namely harpagoside, hyperoside, hypoxoside, oleuropein and polydatin, by investigating apoptosis and autophagy as possible mechanism/s of action. Hypoxoside and hyperoside have shown selective cytotoxicity at IC50 values of ∼25 and 50 μM against INS-1 and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells, respectively. Hypoxoside and hyperoside induced G2/M phase arrest and caspase-3 activation in INS-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, respectively. Hoechst/phalloidin staining confirmed morphological changes, including condensed chromatin multinucleation, membrane blebbing and loss of cytoskeletal arrangement in INS-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. Acridine orange staining was absent in INS-1 (hypoxoside) and MIA PaCa-2 (hyperoside) treated cells, whereas LC3B expression was not significantly increased. INS-1 and MIA PaCa-2 treated cells favour the cell death pathway, apoptosis, over the cell survival pathway, autophagy.     

Novel dual-site fluorescent probe for monitoring cysteine and sulfite in living cells

Fluorescent probes have been considered to be efficient tools for the visualization of physiological and pathological processes. Herein, a dual-site fluorescence probe denoted as LC-1 was developed for the detection of cysteine (Cys) and its metabolite SO₃²⁻. The probe was shown to be highly sensitive to Cys and SO₃²⁻ with a turn-on mode fluorescence signal through two emission channels under excitations at wavelengths of 320 nm and 440 nm. Notably, the LC-1 probe was also observed to be satisfactorily sensitive to Cys and SO₃²⁻ in the presence of other amino acids and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, LC-1 was shown to have low cytotoxicity and was successfully applied for imaging the metabolism of Cys in living cells.

A dual-site fluorescence probe LC-1 was developed for the detection of Cys and SO₃²⁻.     

Adsorption of aniline from aqueous solution using graphene oxide-modified attapulgite composites

Adsorption is an efficient treatment method for aniline removal in water treatment. In this work, the composites of graphene oxide-modified attapulgite were prepared and used firstly to remove aniline from wastewater. The composites were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The effects of initial concentration, time, temperature and pH value on adsorption of aniline on graphene oxide-modified attapulgite are investigated. pH and temperature are found to have a significant influence on the adsorption amount. The experimental results showed that graphene oxide-modified attapulgite possesses strong adsorption ability for aniline with hydrogen bond interaction. The saturated adsorption amount could reach up to 90 mg g⁻¹ at pH = 2–4. The Langmuir isotherm is found to describe well the equilibrium adsorption data. Finally, graphene oxide-modified attapulgite is also observed to possess excellent reusability.

Adsorption is an efficient treatment method for aniline removal in water treatment.     

马齿苋鲜品凝胶剂制备及其对小鼠湿疹的初步作用

目的 制备马齿苋鲜品凝胶并考察其对小鼠急性湿疹的治疗效果。方法 采用正交试验设计,以卡波姆-940、丙二醇的浓度及pH值为考察因素,以卡波姆凝胶剂基质考察评分标准评分,筛选优化处方,制备马齿苋鲜品凝胶。观察马齿苋鲜品凝胶的抑菌作用,及其对小鼠急性湿疹的治疗效果。结果 经优化,马齿苋凝胶处方为卡波姆-940 0.7%,丙二醇10%,pH 6.5。抑菌结果显示,马齿苋鲜品凝胶对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌均有抑制作用。对小鼠急性湿疹的治疗结果显示,马齿苋鲜品凝胶可抑制湿疹皮肤组织的炎症反应,显示出较好的治疗效果。结论 通过正交试验筛选出优化处方,并观察到马齿苋鲜品凝胶对小鼠急性湿疹有治疗作用。     

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶激活剂的研究进展

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)在真核细胞的能量感受与调节中起关键作用,被AMP等其他因素激活后具有加速分解代谢、降低合成代谢的功能,从而稳定人体糖代谢与脂代谢。AMPK激活剂在2型糖尿病等代谢异常的动物模型中体现出较好的治疗效果。对近年来AMPK激活剂的研究进展进行综述,期望对该类药物的研发提供参考。     

Effect of primary care-level chronic disease management policy on self-management of patients with hypertension and diabetes in Korea

AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of introducing a regional chronic disease management project on the self-management of patients with hypertension and diabetes.MethodsThis study included 174,546 patients. The relationship between introducing chronic disease management in a region and the self-awareness of disease status was analyzed using a generalized estimating equation model. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of policy adoption on medication adherence and risk-reduction behavior in patients with hypertension and diabetes. Finally, we used a difference-in-differences model to assess the net effectiveness of policies.ResultsOverall, regions with policies implemented showed more condition awareness and drug adherence than those without; however, this was only significant in regions where patients and physicians were incentivized. Risk-reduction behavior for patients with diabetes was higher in regions with policies implemented than in those without. The policy had a net effect of significantly and non-significantly increasing disease awareness and medication adherence, respectively.ConclusionChronic disease management policies at the primary care level that incentivized both patients and physicians improved patient self-management. However, the effects on patients with diabetes and hypertension differed. Future studies should account for additional patient outcomes, including long-term impact assessments and clinical outcomes.     

Salidroside enhances the anti-cancerous effect of imatinib on human acute monocytic leukemia via the induction of autophagy-related apoptosis through AMPK activation

As the typical tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib has been the first-line antineoplastic agent for both chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, a large number of patients are still resistant to the benefits of imatinib, and they have a dissatisfactory prognosis. Salidroside, a compound that is extracted from natural plants, has been reported to have an excellent anticancer effect and few side effects. In the present study, we have developed a new combination therapy strategy of salidroside and imatinib for combating the growth of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As demonstrated by the anti-proliferation assay, salidroside exhibited excellent cytotoxicity against myeloid leukemia cells. Moreover, cells treated by the combination therapy of salidroside and imatinib displayed a clear lower growth rate than cells only treated by imatinib, indicating that salidroside has a positive effect on enhancing the cytotoxicity of imatinib against leukemia cells. Subsequently, the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results revealed that autophagy marker proteins in leukemia cells, including LC3, p62, and Beclin1, displayed a significant expression change after treating them with salidroside plus imatinib, with the levels of LC3 and Beclin1 dramatically increasing while the expression of p62 was significantly decreased. Moreover, an obvious down-regulation of p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR expression levels in leukemia cells after treatment with salidroside plus imatinib suggested that the PI3K/mTOR pathway plays an important role in the process of cell apoptosis induced by salidroside or imatinib. Further studies showed that pre-incubating the cells with an autophagy inhibitor dramatically inhibited the ability of imatinib to induce autophagy, but did not inhibit the ability of salidroside. The underlying causes were subsequently explored and the results showed that silencing AMPKα1, the most important regulator of autophagy, dramatically attenuates the ability of salidroside to induce cell apoptosis. These results together indicated that salidroside enhances the cytotoxicity of imatinib on acute monocytic leukemia via the induction of autophagy-related apoptosis through AMPK activation. The unique advantages of combination therapy were further confirmed by in vivo experiments, with the tumor-bearing cells treated with salidroside plus imatinib achieving the best anti-tumor effect.

As the typical tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib has been the first-line antineoplastic agent for both chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.     

Single stage surgery for contouring the prominent mandibular angle with a broad chin deformity: En-bloc Mandibular Angle-Body-Chin Curved Ostectomy (MABCCO) and Outer Cortex Grinding (OCG)

BackgroundVarious surgical options are reported to address the Asian 'squared face', characterized by a prominent mandibular angle (PMA) associated with an oversized chin deformity; but shortcomings lie in the requirement of multi-stage procedures with the risk of further revision surgery. We have developed a single-stage “Mandibular Angle-Body-Chin Curved Ostectomy (MABCCO) and Outer Cortex Grinding (OCG)” surgical technique to shorten the period of the surgical treatment and minimize the inherent surgical risks in the multi-staged procedures.MethodsA retrospective study involving patients (n = 36) presented with prominent mandibular angle and an oversized chin who underwent the operation described from 2010 to 2012 with at least 12 months of follow-up. The surgical and aesthetic outcomes were evaluated through clinical assessment, photography, imaging analysis including preoperative and post-operative patient satisfaction rates.ResultsAll the patients were satisfied with the improvement in their appearance following surgery; specifically the 'smoothness' of the mandibular inferior border with no 'second mandibular angle'. The width of the mandible was reduced with G–G distance reduced from 119.9 mm ± 3.9–109.7 mm ± 3.5 (p < 0.05). A significant preoperative and post-operative gonial angle (G-A) was found at the left (110.7° ± 9.6 vs 139.9° ± 11.5, p < 0.05) and right side of mandible (111.3° ± 10.7 vs 140.7° ± 11.8, p < 0.05). There was no iatrogenic inferior alveolar nerve or mental nerve injury and a stable aesthetic outcome beyond the first year.ConclusionWe demonstrated favourable surgical and aesthetic outcomes with our single-stage en-bloc curved osteotomy surgical technique to reshape the prominent mandibular angle with a broad chin deformity with no increased in surgical risks but a high satisfaction rate and stable outcomes.     

5种杀虫剂对家蝇的抗性测定研究

目的为有效控制家蝇的危害，了解家蝇对5种常用卫生杀虫剂的抗性现状。方法采用点滴法，检测家蝇现场品系对敌敌畏、三氯杀虫酯、氯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯对5种杀虫剂的抗药性水平。结果家蝇对5种常用卫生杀虫剂的抗性水平均不同：家蝇对三氯杀虫酯和氯菊酯的抗性属低抗水平，LD50分别为2．9176、0．0134μg／只，溴氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯属中抗水平，LD50分别为0．0295、0．0039μg/只，敌敌畏属高抗水平，LD50为0．1311μg／只。结论家蝇的现场品系对5种杀虫剂存在不同程度的抗性，对敌敌畏与部分拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生了明显的抗性，而对三氯杀虫酯和氯菊酯相对敏感，应通过交替、轮换和复配使用杀虫剂控制和延缓抗药性发展。