冠状病毒感染对心血管系统的损伤及可能机制

冠状病毒(coronavirus,CoVs)感染主要累及肺部,但对心血管系统损伤作用也不容忽视。CoVs感染引起的心脏损伤并非罕见,其发生与病情的严重程度密切相关。本文首先从CoVs引起心血管损伤的证据入手,进一步探讨了CoVs对心肌的直接损伤,以及肾素血管紧张素(RAS)系统激活和细胞因子风暴与炎症反应对心血管损伤的可能作用机制。相关心血管损伤的可能机制包括,(1)病毒直接作用:CoVs在心肌细胞复制,损伤心肌;(2)RAS系统激活:感染CoVs后,心脏血管紧张素转化酶2(angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,ACE2)的表达下调,激活RAS系统,使得血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)收缩血管功能增强,Ang1-7保护心脏效应减弱;(3)诱发细胞因子风暴:循环细胞因子和全身炎症反应引起心脏损伤;(4)其他:包括低氧血症和儿茶酚胺心脏毒性。本文就相关内容作一综述,为后续的详尽机制和治疗策略研究提供思路。     

健中愈疡片治疗脾虚型胃溃疡的临床与实验研究

目的:用临床观察及动物实验研究健中愈疡片治疗脾气虚型胃溃疡的效果及机理。方法:临床观察从症状、体征、症候疗效方面观察健中愈疡片治疗脾气虚型胃溃疡的效果,动物实验从精神、活动、食欲、皮毛及肠胀气等方面观察健中愈疡片对脾虚证的改善情况。结果:健中愈疡片组治疗后,患者胃脘疼痛、嗳气泛酸、腹胀痞满、纳呆食少、大便稀溏、体倦乏力等症状的改善与治疗前比较具有极显著性差异(P<0.01),效果优于胃舒平片组和法莫替丁胶囊组(P<0.05)。健中愈疡片组治疗后,大鼠精神转好,食欲增加,被毛转光泽,体重增加,肠胀气明显好转,与模型组比较具有极显著的差异(P<0.01)。结论:健中愈疡片正是从改善脾气虚证入手来促进脾气虚型胃溃疡患者的溃疡愈合速度和愈合质量,改善其各种临床症状,从而达到治疗目的。     

尼莫地平对阿尔茨海默病大鼠脑组织NO、NOS含量及行为学的影响

目的：探讨尼莫地平对阿尔茨海默病（AD）大鼠脑组织一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）浓度及行为学改变的影响。方法：SD大鼠30只，随机分为空白对照组,AD模型组和尼莫地平组，采用大鼠脑组织立体定位微量注射技术，尼莫地平组和AD模型组用鹅膏蕈氨酸（IBO）1μl(5μg)损毁大鼠双侧迈内特基底核（nbM）建立AD动物模型，空白对照组以0.1mol/L pH7.4PB液代替IBO。尼莫地平组给予尼莫地平0.5mg/kg，空白对照组和AD模型组以生理盐水代替尼莫地平，连续灌胃60d，每d2次，每次2ml。做迷宫试验及跳台试验测学习记忆能力，然后将大鼠断头处死，分离海马及大脑皮质，分别检测NO,NOS含量。结果：AD模型组较空白对照组学习记忆能力显著降低，海马及大脑皮质NO,NOS含量显著升高，尼莫地平较AD模型组学习记忆能力显著升高，海马及大脑皮质NO、NOS含量显著降低。结论：用IBO损毁大鼠双侧nbM可建立AD动物模型，尼莫地平可显著改变AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力，降低海马及大脑皮质NO、NOS含量。     

Assessment of global and regional left ventricular twist and displacement in anterior myocardial infarction using 2-dimensional strain imaging

The recent development of 2-dimensional strain (2D strain) imaging can provide a powerful alternative for assessing left ventricular (LV) torsion. This study was conducted to evaluate the global and regional left ventricular twist by 2D strain in patients with anterior wall myocardial infarction (AMI). A total of 55 AMI patients were divided into two groups according to their ejection fraction (EF) values (group A: LVEF ⩾ 50%; group B: LVEF < 50%), and 35 normal people served as the control group. Using 2-dimensional strain software, global and regional LV rotation and displacement were obtained at two planes. Compared with the control group, patients of group A showed reduced peak LV twist of the anterior and anterior-septal wall (9.26±1.89 vs 10.74±2.67; 9.71±1.71 vs 11.36±2.29, both P < 0.05), but the radial displacement and global twist were maintained (P > 0.05). Differently, regional and global LV twist and radial displacement in patients of group B deceased significantly, especially in the anterior and anterior-septal wall, as compared with patients in the control or group A (both P < 0.05). Moreover, a strong correlation was noted between peak twist and radial displacement; the twist-displacement loop was markedly distorted in patients of group B. This study demonstrated that 2D strain has a potential ability for quantification of left ventricular global and segment twist and radial displacement in patients with coronary artery disease.     

bFGF诱导人胚视网膜色素上皮细胞转分化的研究

目的 探讨bFGF体外诱导早期人胚视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞转分化现象及其分子机制,为视网膜发育的进一步基础研究和临床RPE细胞移植奠定基础.方法 取4～6代人胚（6 w～10 w）RPE细胞,bFGF（20 ng/ml）诱导培养（4 d～6 d）后观察RPE细胞形态学的改变,用免疫细胞化学作转分化RPE细胞鉴定.RT-PCR分析转分化RPE细胞小眼畸形基因（MITF）的表达.结果 bFGF诱导培养后的人胚RPE细胞呈现类神经样细胞表型,不仅表达自身上皮细胞标记物角蛋白（Keratin）,同时还表达多种神经视网膜上皮细胞标记物（MAP2、GS、GFAP、Peripherin、Opsin,但不表达NCAM）;用RT-PCR方法没有检测到转分化RPE细胞MITF-A mRNA表达.结论 早期人胚RPE细胞的发育具有一定的可塑性,bFGF可以诱导早期人胚RPE细胞表达多种神经视网膜上皮细胞标记物,可能是通过抑制MITF-A的分子信号通路.     

The effects of inflammatory cytokines on steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in macrophages

Objective: To investigate the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in macrophages and the effects of inflammatory cytokines on StAR expression. Methods: The macrophages isolated from ApoE knockout mice and C57BL/6J mice and RAW264.7 cells (a cell line from mouse macrophage. ATCC Number: TIB-71^TM) were cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum. RAW264.7 cells were treated with different inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ and TGF-β1) and 8-Br-cAMP, a cAMP analog. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were applied to evaluate the effects of inflammatory cytokines on StAR expression. Results: RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated the expression of StAR in the macrophages isolated from ApoE knockout mice, C57BL/6J mice and RAW264.7 cells. Proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ significantly decreased StAR mRNA and protein levels in RAW264.7 cells. The inhibition was dose- and time-dependent. In contrast, anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1 increased StAR mRNA and protein levels. At 1:15 molecular ratio, TGF-β1 blocked the down-regulation of StAR expression mediated by TNF-α. cAMP also induced StAR expression in RAW264.7 cells. When the cells were co-treated with 8-Br-cAMP and TNF-α, 8-Br-cAMP failed to induce StAR expression. Conclusion: Our results provide interesting evidence that inflammatory cytokines regulate StAR expression in macrophages. Received 12 August 2006; returned for revision 28 September 2006; returned for final revision 28 May 2007; accepted by M. Katori 22 June 2007     

Cloning and characterization of a novel gene which encodes a protein interacting with the mitosis-associated kinase-like protein NTKL

NTKL is an evolutionarily conserved kinase-like protein. The cell-cycle-dependent centrosomal localization of NTKL suggested that it was involved in centrosome-related cellular function. The mouse NTKL protein is highly homologous with human NTKL. A novel mouse protein was identified as an NTKL-binding protein (NTKL-BP1) by yeast two-hybrid screening, and the full-length cDNA was amplified based on the result of a sequence data analysis cloning strategy. The full-length cDNA sequence of the NTKL-BP1 gene consists of 2,537 bp, which encode 368 amino acids. A database search revealed that homologues of NTKL-BP1 exist in different organisms, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, Plasmodium falciparum, Geobacter metallireducens, Anopheles gambiae and human. It suggests that NTKL-BP1 is an evolutionarily conserved protein. The expression of NTKL-BP1 was observed in multiple normal mouse tissues. The interaction of the two proteins was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Moreover, immunofluorescent staining indicated that NTKL and NTKL-BP1 were all localized in the cytoplasm.     

基于复杂网络的《新针灸学》与《经络腧穴学》比较分析研究（英文）

提取《新针灸学》《经络腧穴学》中穴位名称、主治病症信息,基于复杂网络建立穴-症网络,分析两者穴位数量、相互关联程度及主治规律变化,借助拓扑学数据解释变化原因,为传统针灸知识体系的结构化、标准化研究提供具体思路和方法。共纳入《新针灸学》386穴、773种症状、形成152163个穴位配伍对,《经络腧穴学》403穴、253种症状、28755个穴位配伍对。两本教材的穴-症网络存在丰富的差异性,其所载的病症结构化程度随医学知识的更新而提升。《新针灸学》模型具有更加典型的小世界效应,或因其以病症为主要分类手段的优势体现。两本教材穴位定位与主治方面发生许多变化,学科发展、时代背景等方面是变化的主要原因。     

血液透析机超滤控制装置临床使用故障特点调研分析

目的:调研血液透析机内部超滤控制装置故障发生情况及特点,分析原因规范其维护保养。方法:对上海市82家血液净化中心(室)的3 664台透析设备超滤故障进行调研,分析故障发生特点,找出超滤故障和超滤偏差发生原因。从执行透析设备自检程序、制定透析设备维护管理制度、掌握超滤控制装置结构部件误差和其他人为因素4个方面制定血液透析机超滤故障解决方案。结果:在82家血液净化中心(室)的3664台透析机中,超滤故障1 692台(次),其中使用年限>5年的"平衡腔+超滤泵"类故障率最高,占比31.21%。血液透析机临床使用管理制度缺失、透析机日常消毒疏忽和专职透析临床工程师配置不足是超滤故障和超滤偏差发生的主要原因。结论:血液净化中心(室)应定期进行透析设备超滤控制装置的维护检查,规范血液透析机使用管理,严格细致的维护保养,配备专职透析临床工程师,保障血液透析机超滤控制装置日常运作的精准性和稳定性,确保透析患者获得最佳透析效果。