下颈椎经关节螺钉钉棒系统固定的生物力学研究

目的：比较下颈椎三柱损伤后单独经关节螺钉固定（TAS）、经关节钉棒系统同定（TRS）和侧块螺钉钉棒系统固定（LRS）的三维稳定性。方法：12具新鲜颈椎标本．制成C4／5、C5／6节段三柱损伤模型，分别进行单独经关节螺钉（TAS组）、经关节螺钉钉棒系统（TRS组）和侧块螺钉钉棒系统（LRS组）三种方法固定，在非限制性和非破坏性的实验条件下测试其前屈、后伸、左右侧弯和轴向旋转运动状态的稳定性。结果：TAS组和TRS组在各方向的运动范同（ROM）和中性区（NZ）的均数均显著小于完整标本组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；LRS组在前屈、后伸、侧弯运动中的ROM和NZ与完整标本组比较有显著降低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；LRS组在旋转运动中的ROM和NZ与完整标本组比较有不同程度的降低，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。TAS、TRS在各个方向稳定性明显优于LRS组（P〈0．05）。TRS在前屈运动中的ROM和NZ与TAS组比较有所减小，但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；在后伸、侧弯和旋转运动中，TRS组稳定性明显优于TAS组，有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：在下颈椎三柱损伤选择经关节固定技术时以钉棒形式同定稳定性更好。     

Anatomic comparison of transarticular screws with lateral mass screws in cervical vertebrae

Objective:To compare the potential incidence of nerve root (ventral and dorsal ramus) injury caused by cervical transarticular screws and Roy-Camille lateral mass screws. Methods:Insertion techniques with Klekamp transarticular screws and Roy-Camille lateral mass screws were respectively performed in this study. Each technique involved four specimens and 40 screws, which were inserted from C3 to C7. And 20-mm-long screws were used to overpenetrate the ventral cortex. The anterolateral aspect of the cervical spine was carefully dissected to allow observation of the screw-ramus relationship. Results : The overall percentage of nerve invasion was significantly lower with Klekamp (45 %) technique than with Roy-Camille (85%) technique (P<0.05). The largest percentage of nerve invasion for Klekamp transarticular screws was found at the dorsal ramus (25%), followed by the ventral ramus (15%) and the bifurcation of the ventral dorsal ramus (5 %). The largest percentage of nerve invasion for Roy-Camille lateral mass screws was found at the ventral ramus (80 %). Conclusion : The potential risk of nerve root invasion is lower with Klekamp transarticular screws than with Roy-Camille lateral mass screws.     

下颈椎经关节螺钉联合侧块或椎弓根螺钉固定的效果

Objective To discuss the effect of transarticular screws combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws through posterior approach in the lower cervical spine. Methods From February 2003 to October 2007, 22 patients were treated using transarticular screws internal fixation combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws in Axis plating system and Vertex system. There were cervical fracture and dislocation in 13 patients, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 4, cervical canal stenosis associated with dentoid process fracture in 1, and cervical disc herniation associated with cervical stenosis in 4 patients. Lamina or facet bone grafting were used to achieve a long-term stability, with decompression and anterior approach or not. The starting point for screw insertion was located 1 mm medial to the midpoint of the lateral mass and the direction of the screw was 40° caudally in the sagittal plane and 20° laterally in the axial plane. Results All screws insertion was successful. A total of 45 transarticular screws were inserted, with 2 in C4,5, 39 in C5,6 and 4 in C6,7. A total of 12 lateral mass screws were inserted, with 6 in C3 and 6 in C4. A total of 41 pedicle screws were inserted, with 4 in C2, 2 in C3 and 6 in C4, 21 in C7 and 8 in T1. There was no complication related to screw insertion, such as injury to the vertebral artery, nerve roots or spine cord. The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 3 years and 8 months (mean 17 months). All cases got bone fusion. Only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all pa-tients. In the follow-up period, only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all patients. Conclusion The combined use of transarticular screws and lateral mass screws or pedicle screws fixation in the lower cervical spine can enlarge the advantages of strong stability,relatively simple, and reduce operating risk when performed appropriately.     

经枢椎椎板关节突关节螺钉固定的解剖学研究

枢椎承上启下,在解剖学上异于其他颈椎,具有更厚的椎板[1].目前临床常用的楸椎固定技术包括枢椎椎弓根螺钉、侧块螺钉、经C1,2关节螺钉.某些患者由于枢椎横突孔过大、枢椎峡部过小、短颈后凸畸形、单侧椎动脉畸形等解剖因素,使以上技术无法使用[2].     

2020-2022年山东省烟台市蓬莱区犬类致伤监测结果分析

目的了解2020-2022年山东省烟台市蓬莱区犬类致伤病例情况,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法收集2020-2022年在烟台市蓬莱区全国伤害监测哨点医院门诊、急诊就诊,诊断为犬类致伤的首诊病例资料,对犬类致伤流行病学特征、致伤特征等进行统计分析。结果犬类致伤主要集中在6-11月份,每月间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=594.772,P<0.05)。按年龄分析,<20岁年龄段发生犬类致伤最多(871例)。致伤地点以公共居住场所为最多(1628例,占46.93%),致伤性质以锐器伤、咬伤、开放伤为最多(6208例,占95.00%),致伤部位以上肢为最多(1767例,占50.94%)。结论犬类致伤以夏秋季多发,<20岁年龄组犬类伤害发生率较高,致伤地点以公共居住场所和家中为主。     

椎弓根螺钉技术在下颈椎不稳中的安全使用方法

目的探讨颈椎椎弓根技术在下颈椎疾病的安全使用方法。方法回顾性分析2001年10月-2006年3月76例下颈椎疾病行颈椎椎弓根固定患者,其中49例为颈椎骨折脱位, 23例为颈椎病,4例为椎管内肿瘤。患者术前均行X线和CT等检查,术中在C形臂X线监视下置钉,术后行X线和CT检查了解螺钉位置。结果76例螺钉均成功置入,术中无脊髓、椎动脉损伤。术后CT显示,342枚螺钉中有37枚(10.8%)螺钉穿破椎弓根,其中29枚螺钉穿破椎弓根外侧皮质,3枚螺钉穿破椎弓根上侧皮质,5枚螺钉穿破椎弓根下侧皮质。所有患者近期及远期随访未发现与椎弓根螺钉相关的神经血管及内脏器官损伤的并发症。有1枚螺钉断裂,但患者没有明显的临床症状,其余未发现螺钉松动或断钉及颈椎不稳症等。所有患者固定良好,并均已达骨性融合。术后随访脊髓神经功能均有不同程度改善。结论颈椎椎弓根固定提供了三柱的稳定和最坚强的后方固定,为了防止并发症的发生,熟悉颈椎椎弓根的解剖和手术操作技巧以及采用个体化综合置钉是决定手术成功的重要因素。     

硬膜粘连的预防及治疗

椎板切除术后少部分患者症状不能缓解或复发,导致腰椎手术失败综合征FBSS。研究发现,椎板切除术后硬脊膜及神经根的瘢痕粘连是腰椎手术失败综合征的重要原因。20世纪40年代,Key与Ford对椎板切除术后硬膜粘     

下颈椎经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉固定的可行性

目的:探讨下颈椎后路经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉固定的可行性和技术参数,为临床应用提供参考。方法:取20具颈椎标本,仔细解剖颈部的后侧和前侧方,清楚显露颈椎侧块和椎弓根。以侧块外下象限的中心点为进钉点,从C3/4～C6/7直视下经关节突关节置入椎弓根螺钉,通过CT重建,测量经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉内固定进钉角度和钉道长度。结果:经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉均成功置入,螺钉固定方向在矢状面呈尾倾,冠状面呈内倾,理想角度为在矢状面尾倾50.3°±4.9°,在冠状面内倾42.8°±4.0°。螺钉钉道长度为(34.1±1.4)mm,各固定节段间略有不同,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:下颈椎后路经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉固定是可行的,但置钉时要求较高的准确性,可以作为颈椎侧块螺钉和椎弓根螺钉固定的一种补充方法。     

下颈椎经关节螺钉联合侧块或椎弓根螺钉固定的效果

Objective To discuss the effect of transarticular screws combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws through posterior approach in the lower cervical spine. Methods From February 2003 to October 2007, 22 patients were treated using transarticular screws internal fixation combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws in Axis plating system and Vertex system. There were cervical fracture and dislocation in 13 patients, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 4, cervical canal stenosis associated with dentoid process fracture in 1, and cervical disc herniation associated with cervical stenosis in 4 patients. Lamina or facet bone grafting were used to achieve a long-term stability, with decompression and anterior approach or not. The starting point for screw insertion was located 1 mm medial to the midpoint of the lateral mass and the direction of the screw was 40° caudally in the sagittal plane and 20° laterally in the axial plane. Results All screws insertion was successful. A total of 45 transarticular screws were inserted, with 2 in C4,5, 39 in C5,6 and 4 in C6,7. A total of 12 lateral mass screws were inserted, with 6 in C3 and 6 in C4. A total of 41 pedicle screws were inserted, with 4 in C2, 2 in C3 and 6 in C4, 21 in C7 and 8 in T1. There was no complication related to screw insertion, such as injury to the vertebral artery, nerve roots or spine cord. The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 3 years and 8 months (mean 17 months). All cases got bone fusion. Only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all pa-tients. In the follow-up period, only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all patients. Conclusion The combined use of transarticular screws and lateral mass screws or pedicle screws fixation in the lower cervical spine can enlarge the advantages of strong stability,relatively simple, and reduce operating risk when performed appropriately.