TLC-SERS联用法检测降糖中成药中添加的格列类药品

目的：研究降糖中成药中非法添加格列类药品的表面增强拉曼光谱（ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy , SERS）检测方法。方法利用薄层色谱法将待检成分与中药基质进行简单分离,采用表面增强拉曼光谱技术对薄层板上的微量物质进行检测。通过摸索模拟阳性样品中格列类药品的SERS检测条件,建立可用于降糖中成药中非法添加物的检测方法。结果采用有机溶剂DMF制备所得的银溶胶可以获得较好的格列类药物SERS图谱。结论该研究所建立的TLC与SERS联用方法检测简便、快速、经济,可用于降糖中成药中非法添加格列类药品的快速检测。     

No acute effect of nateglinide on postprandial lipid and lipoprotein responses in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: To study the acute effect of nateglinide, an insulinotropic agent, on the postprandial triglyceride and lipoprotein responses in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Six women and 10 men, with at least one first-degree relative with type 2 diabetes were included (Age: 48 +/- 7 years, BMI: 27.5 +/- 2.8 kg m(-2), P-triglycerides: 1.3 +/- 0.4 mmol L(-1), P-cholesterol: 5.4 +/- 0.6 mmol L(-1), B-glucose: 4.6 +/- 0.3 mmol L(-1)). They each had two 8-h meal tolerance tests with either nateglinide or placebo given 10 min prior to the meals in randomized order. Lipoprotein fractions were separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation. First-phase insulin secretion was assessed by an intravenous glucose tolerance test (300 mg kg(-1) body weight) and insulin sensitivity by a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp (40 mU m(-2) min(-1)). RESULTS: The 1-h insulin levels during the meal tolerance test were significantly higher with nateglinide (577 +/- 81 vs 376 +/- 58 pmol L(-1), p < 0.001), as well as the response during the first two hours (IAUC: 41 243 +/- 5844 vs 29 956 +/- 4662 pmol L(-1) min, p < 0.01). Accordingly, nateglinide lowered the 8-h postprandial glucose response by around 60% compared to placebo (p < 0.001). In contrast, no significant lowering was seen in the excursion of postprandial triglycerides in total plasma or lipoprotein fractions. Consistently, the concentration of exogenous (apoB-48) and endogenous (apoB-100) lipoproteins was not reduced by nateglinide. CONCLUSIONS: Acute administration of nateglinide reduces, as expected, the postprandial glucose concentration, but no reduction in triglyceride or lipoprotein responses are seen in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes.     

新型餐后血糖调节剂——格列奈类药物的研究进展

早期相胰岛素分泌能力的损害是引起2型糖尿病及其并发症的重要因素，格列奈类药物作为一种新型促胰岛素分泌的药物，起效快，作用时间短，较磺酰脲类能更好地控制餐时血糖的增高，降低餐后血糖高峰，与双胍类合用可以发挥协同效应。其安全性良好，极少发生餐后低血糖，并能预防糖尿病的心血管并发症等。本文就早期相胰岛素分泌与糖尿病的关系、格列奈类药物的药理特性及临床应用等作一概述。     

新型餐后血糖调节剂——格列奈类药物的研究进展

早期相胰岛素分泌能力的损害是引起2型糖尿病及其并发症的重要因素，格列奈类药物作为一种新型促胰岛素分泌的药物，起效快，作用时间短，较磺酰脲类能更好地控制餐时血糖的增高，降低餐后血糖高峰，与双胍类合用可以发挥协同效应。其安全性良好，极少发生餐后低血糖，并能预防糖尿病的心血管并发症等。本文就早期相胰岛素分泌与糖尿病的关系、格列奈类药物的药理特性及临床应用等作一概述。     

格列奈类药物的药动学及与其他药物的相互作用

格列奈类药物吸收迅速,t_(1/2)短,单一疗法耐受性良好,不良反应发生率低于磺脲类药物,但与其他药物联用时,可能发生与CYP3A4、CYP2C8及CYP2C9同工酶和有机阴离子转运多肽1B1(OATP1B1)转运体相关的药动学相互作用,从而降低药物疗效或增加低血糖等不良事件的风险。本文就格列奈类药物的药动学性质及与其他药物的药动学相互作用作一综述。