Macroporous thin membranes for cell transplant in regenerative medicine

The aim of this paper is to present a method to produce macroporous thin membranes made of poly (ethyl acrylate-co-hydroxyethyl acrylate) copolymer network with varying cross-linking density for cell transplantation and prosthesis fabrication. The manufacture process is based on template techniques and anisotropic pore collapse. Pore collapse was produced by swelling the membrane in acetone and subsequently drying and changing the solvent by water to produce 100 microns thick porous membranes. These very thin membranes are porous enough to hold cells to be transplanted to the organism or to be colonized by ingrowth from neighboring tissues in the organism, and they present sufficient tearing stress to be sutured with surgical thread. The obtained pore morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope, and confocal laser microscopy. Mechanical properties were characterized by stress–strain experiments in tension and tearing strength measurements. Morphology and mechanical properties were related to the different initial thickness of the scaffold and the cross-linking density of the polymer network. Seeding efficiency and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells inside the pore structure were determined at 2 h, 1, 7, 14 and 21 days from seeding.     

美托洛尔用于老年COPD合并冠心病史治疗的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨美托洛尔(β1受体阻滞剂)用于老年COPD合并冠心病史治疗的临床疗效。方法:选取2018年6月—2019年6月在我院接受治疗的60岁以上(包括60岁)COPD合并冠心病史老年患者,分为对照组与观察组。对照组给予接受布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂治疗,观察组在使用布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂治疗的基础上口服琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片治疗,观察对比两组治疗效果。结果:观察组临床治疗效果优于对照组,观察组住院时长以及并发症的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论:老年COPD合并冠心病史接受美托洛尔治疗,可有效缩短住院时长、用药效果明显、有效提升用药安全性,值得临床推广。     

布拉酵母联合小剂量红霉素对功能性消化不良患儿血清胃动素及胃泌素的影响

目的研究布拉酵母联合小剂量红霉素对功能性消化不良患儿血清胃动素、胃泌素的影响。方法以某医院2017年8月—2018年10月收治的90例功能性消化不良患儿为研究对象,采用随机数字法将所有患儿分为对照组(n=45)、观察组(n=45)。对照组应用小剂量红霉素对患儿进行治疗,观察组在小剂量红霉素的基础上联合布拉酵母治疗。结果观察组恶心、呕吐、嗳气、腹胀及疼痛评分[(7.68±1.78)分、(6.42±0.92)分、(8.21±1.25)分、(8.34±1.33)分、(7.24±1.63)分]均低于对照组[(10.34±1.09)分、(9.42±1.18)分、(12.71±1.43)分、(13.70±1.36)分、(15.39±1.56)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后血清胃动素为(281.16±45.81)ng/L、胃泌素为(182.65±16.81)ng/L,高于对照组,总有效率(97.78%)高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论布拉酵母联合小剂量红霉素对功能性消化不良患儿治愈率显著,与其提高患儿胃动素、胃泌素的水平相关。     

顶空气相色谱-质谱法测定布南色林原料药中遗传毒性杂质

目的：建立顶空气相色谱-质谱法测定布南色林原料药中甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯和甲磺酸异丙酯3种遗传毒性杂质含量的方法。方法：采用顶空气相色谱-质谱法，以甲磺酸丁酯为内标，按内标标准曲线法进行甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯和甲磺酸异丙酯的含量测定。色谱条件：DB-WAX毛细管色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）；程序升温，初始柱温为40℃，维持3 min，升温速率为30℃·min^-1，终止温度150℃，保持2 min；进样口温度为110℃；载气（He）流速为0.6 mL·min^-1；进样量为1 mL；进样方式为分流进样，分流比为20：1。质谱条件：电子轰击离子源（EI），扫描方式为选择性离子检测；离子源温度为200℃；接口温度为150℃；电子能量为70 eV；溶剂延迟1 min。结果：3种杂质成分之间的分离度均大于2.0；甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯、甲磺酸异丙酯检测质量浓度线性范围均为0.025~3.0 μg·mL^-1（r ≥ 0.998 5）；精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD<5%；加样回收率分别为93.40%~101.40%（RSD为3.2%，n=9）、92.80%~99.70%（RSD为2.5%，n=9）和96.30%~100.75%（RSD为1.6%，n=9）。结论：该方法简便、准确、灵敏、迅速，可用于布南色林原料药中3种遗传毒性杂质的测定。     

An experimentally supported, mathematical explanation of the gas chromatographic elution behaviour of the long-chain carbon members of the homologous series

By substituting the saturated vapour phase tension of the pure normal hydrocarbons described by the Clausius-Clapeyron law into the accepted expression of the specific retention volume (V_g,T), a theoretically coherent and relatively simple mathematical evidence of the elution behaviour of the homologous members has been deduced. It gives exponential retention time dependence on carbon number for isothermal, and nearly equidistant (i.e., approximately linear retention-time dependence on carbon number) elution for linear temperature programmed gas chromatographic runs. The final equations are in close correlation with the experimental results. Special emphasis is placed on the fact that a good approximation—not strict physical laws—have been found.     

Effects of erythromycin on the propulsive motility of upper gastrointestinal tract in rats

The differences between the postprandial mixing or propulsion and the interdigestive motility of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are already known. Earlier studies showed dose-dependent differences in the effects of erythromycin on interdigestive motility. The various GI side-effects (vomiting, diarrhoea) also suggest that there are different effects of erythromycin on the GI motility. The aim of our study was to examine postprandially the propulsive effects of different doses of erythromycin on the movement of intraluminal contents in the upper GI tract of the rat. The animals were fasted for 24 h before the experiments but water was given freely. The rats received 1.5 ml 1.5% methylcellulose painted with 0.05% phenol-red intragastrically (test solution). Erythromycin(E. lactobionate) was given intravenously at doses of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg 15 min before the administration of a test solution. The animals were sacrificed 20,60 and 120 min after administration of methylcellulose, when the distance between the front of the painted intraluminal contents and the pylorus was measured and expressed as a percentage of the total length of small intestine. The phenol-red content in the stomach and small intestine was measured spectrophotometrically and the gastric emptying was calculated from the ratio of the measured total and intestinal phenol-red content. Our results showed that the small doses of erythromycin (0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg) accelerated gastric emptying after 20 min but did not change significantly the propulsive motility of upper small intestine; however, large doses of erythromycin (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg) decreased gastric emptying and upper GI motility after 20 and 60 min. In summary, the prokinetic action of small doses of erythromycin was demonstrated, but its effecttime on GI motility is short and the ratio of the stimulating and inhibitory doses is 1:10. This paper was presented at the Section of IUPHAR GI Pharmacology Symposium on ’Biochemical pharmacology as an approach to gastrointestinal disorders (basic science to clinical perspectives)‘, October 12-14, 1995, Pécs, Hungary.     

仙草消毒液杀灭微生物效果与毒性的试验观察

仙草消毒液为含 3 0 %乙醇的植物消毒剂 ,其中包括五味子、细辛、丁香等成分 ,p H6.0 1。为了解其杀灭微生物效果及其毒性 ,进行了载体定量杀菌试验及毒性试验。结果 ,1∶ 1的水稀释液对金黄色葡萄球菌作用2分钟 ,1∶ 2的稀释液对金黄色葡萄球菌作用 8分钟 ,以其原液对白色念珠菌作用 2 min,平均杀灭率均大于99.90 %。小牛血清对其杀灭效果有影响 ,原液经 5 4℃存放 14天 ,杀菌效果无明显变化。以其原液对雌、雄小鼠经口 LD50 >5 0 0 0 mg/Kg,对大耳白兔一次眼、皮肤刺激试验平均积分指数为 0 ,微核试验阴性 ,蓄积毒性试验为弱蓄积毒性     

Immunomodulatory activity of Asparagus racemosus on systemic Th1/Th2 immunity: Implications for immunoadjuvant potential

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd (Shatavari in vernacular) are widely used in Ayurveda as Rasayana for immunostimulation, galactogogue as also in treatment of conditions like ulcers and cancer. Various studies have indicated immunomodulatory properties of Shatavari root extracts and formulations.

Aim of the study

To study the effect of standardized Asparagus racemosus root aqueous extract (ARE) on systemic Th1/Th2 immunity of SRBC sensitized animals.

Materials and methods

We used HPTLC to quantify steroidal saponins (Shatavarin IV, Immunoside^®) and flow cytometry to study effects of ARE on Th1/Th2 immunity. SRBC specific antibody titres and DTH responses were also monitored as markers of Th2 and Th1 responses, respectively. We also studied lymphocyte proliferation. Cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide and levamisole were used as controls.

Results

Treatment with ARE (100 mg/(kg b.w. p.o.)) resulted in significant increase of CD3⁺ and CD4/CD8⁺ percentages suggesting its effect on T cell activation. ARE treated animals showed significant up-regulation of Th1 (IL-2, IFN-g) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines suggesting its mixed Th1/Th2 adjuvant activity. Consistent to this, ARE also showed higher antibody titres and DTH responses. ARE, in combination with LPS, Con A or SRBC, produced a significant proliferation suggesting effect on activated lymphocytes.

Conclusion

The study suggests mixed Th1/Th2 activity of ARE supports its immunoadjuvant potential.     

Intravenous fate of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-based polyplexes

The objective of this study was to assess the in vivo fate of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (pDMAEMA)-based polyplexes after intravenous administration into mice. Circulation kinetics and tissue distribution in terms of plasmid localization and transfection efficiency were assessed. To gain more insight into the observed biodistribution and gene expression profile, the interaction of pDMAEMA-based polyplexes with blood components (erythrocytes and albumin) was investigated in vitro. In the case of i.v. injection of positively charged polyplexes at a dose of 30 microg DNA most of the radioactivity was found in the lungs and the liver 60 min after injection. In the case of pDMAEMA/DNA polyplexes with a negative charge, uptake occurred mainly by the liver. Administration of positively charged complexes at a 30 microg DNA dose resulted in reporter gene expression primarily in the lungs. Injection of negatively charged complexes and naked plasmid did not result in luciferase expression in any of the organs examined. In vitro turbidity experiments showed the induction of a charge dependent aggregation process upon addition of albumin to the polyplexes pointing out to the involvement of aggregate formation in the dominant lung uptake of the positively charged polyplexes. Also, incubations of polyplexes after pre-incubation with a physiological concentration of albumin with washed erythrocytes confirmed that polyplexes induce the formation of extremely large structures. This paper underlines the need for the design of systems with reduced interaction with blood components to promote the delivery of DNA to target tissues outside the lungs.