丹参酮生物合成相关SmERF108转录因子的鉴定及其靶基因分析＊

目的 鉴定与丹参酮合成相关转录因子AP2/ERF家族中SmERF108转录因子，并分析转录因子SmERF108的靶基因。方法 利用生物信息学在线分析平台如NCBI、PFAM等分析SmERF108的序列特征；MEGA-X软件用于构建SmERF108与不同功能转录因子的系统进化树；拟南芥原生质体转化法鉴定SmERF108蛋白的亚细胞定位；通过实时荧光定量PCR（Real-time qPCR）对SmERF108基因在丹参不同器官和组织差异表达进行检测；利用酵母体系对SmERF108的转录激活活性进行探究并用酵母单杂技术确定其靶基因。结果 SmERF108具有典型的AP2/ERF保守结构域，属于ERF-B3亚组，系统进化树和保守基序分析显示SmERF108与丹参中SmERF128、青蒿中AaERF2亲缘关系较近且保守基序分布一致；亚细胞定位显示SmERF108蛋白定位于细胞核；SmERF108基因在周皮中表达最高，且呈现周皮（R1）>韧皮部（R2）>木质部（R3）的规律；酵母自激活验证SmERF108具有转录激活活性，同时酵母单杂交确认其能与关键酶基因SmCPS1启动子结合。结论 鉴定到丹参中一个新转录因子SmERF108，生物信息学分析及差异表达分析预测与丹参酮合成相关，分子互作初步证实靶基因为SmCPS1二萜环化酶。     

丹参对持续癫痫幼鼠脑损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的 探讨丹参对持续癫痫发作诱发幼鼠脑神经元损伤是否具有保护作用。方法 皮下及腹腔注射贝美格针诱发健康幼龄鼠癫痫持续状态发作。光镜下观察神经元病变情况；电镜观察海马神经元超微结构的改变。结果 持续癫痴组幼鼠脑组织光镜下可见明显的神经元病变。电镜下可见海马区神经元的超微结构病变。丹参治疗组神经元病变均轻于持续癫痴组；而正常对照组未见类似病变。结论 丹参在组织、细胞和亚细胞水平对持续癫病幼鼠脑神经元损伤具有一定的保护作用，为临床有效防治小儿惊厥性脑损伤提供了可靠的实验依据。     

丹参营养器官中脂溶性成分的动态变化规律

目的 测定丹参营养器官中丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮Ⅱ_A的含量,并揭示丹参生长过程中,丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮Ⅱ_A的动态变化规律.方法 采用反相高效液相色谱法,以Zorbax SB-C_(18)(150mm×4.6mm, 5.0μm)为色谱柱;甲醇-0.4%磷酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml/min;二极管阵列检测器:检测波长分别为246, 270 nm;柱温为30℃.结果 丹参叶和茎中均未检出丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮Ⅱ_A,根中丹参酮Ⅱ_A和丹参酮Ⅰ的含量变化呈"单峰"曲线,丹参酮Ⅱ_A的含量在7月份最高,为2.94%,丹参酮Ⅰ含量在5月份最高,为0.78%.结论 4月至7月是丹参根中丹参酮积累的关键时期.     

Essential oils of Salvia bracteata and Salvia rubifolia from Lebanon: Chemical composition,antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effect on human melanoma cells

Aim of the study

Salvia bracteata Banks et Sol. and Salvia rubifolia Boiss. are known in folk medicine of Lebanon for the treatment of microbial infections, cancer, urinary and pulmonary problems. In the present study the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aerial parts of Salvia bracteata and Salvia rubifolia collected in Lebanon were evaluated. The oils were also tested for their potential antiproliferative effects against M14 human melanoma cells.

Material and methods

The oils were studied by GC and GC–MS and their antibacterial activity (MIC and MBC) was tested against ten bacteria species using the broth dilution method. The inhibitory effect on human melanoma cells (measurement of cell vitality, cell membrane integrity and genomic DNA fragmentation) was studied using MTT assay, calculation of LDH release and COMET assay.

Results

The oils showed a good antibacterial activity (MIC = 50 μg/ml) against Gram+ bacteria. They besides exhibited an inhibitory effect on the human cancer cells examined inducing also apoptotic cell death, but the oil of Salvia rubifolia was significantly (p < 0.001) more active as compared to the oil of Salvia bracteata.

Conclusion

The results on the pharmacological activities of these Salvia species provide an in vitro scientific support for the use of these plants in traditional herbal preparations.     

丹参在抑制兔唇创口瘢痕增生中的作用

选用50只新西兰白兔,2只处死后取上唇组织作为病理对照,48只采用Millard’s法修复上唇裂隙,拆线后随机分为实验组、溶媒组和对照组3组,每组16只。实验组每天涂擦复方丹参膏2次,溶媒组每日涂擦溶媒膏二次,对照组不作任何处理。分别在术后0d、7d、15d、21d、30d、60d、90d测量上唇瘢痕的体积变化,并在7d、30d、60d时每组分别处死2只,90d后全部处死,取上唇瘢痕组织在光镜和电镜下观察组织病理学变化。组织学观察显示丹参可抑制成纤维细胞增殖,影响胶原蛋白合成,使胶原纤维重排和降解,从而减轻瘢痕增生。     

THE CHANGES OF DEFORMABILITY OF ERYTHROCYTES AND 2.3-DPG IN RED BLOOD CELL AND BLOOD IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS

The purpose of this paper is to study the changes of deformabilityof erythrocytes and 2.3-DPG(2.3-diphosphoglycerate acid)in the patients with coro-nary artery stenosis and the effects of some factors on them.It is showed that:de-formability of crythrocyte and 2.3-DPG were inversely proportional to the degreeof the lesions of coronary vessels(P<0.01);there was a significant decrease of de-formability of erythrocytes after using contract agents(P<0.01);Salvia increaseddeformability and 2.3-DPG significantly(P<0.01).In conclusion,our data suggestthat the possible existence of microcirculation dysfunction in coronary artery dis-eases with parallelism to the impairement deformability of erythrocytcs and Salviabca good drug to action in deformability and 2.3 DPG in patients.     

丹参及血管内皮生长因子对动物肢体缺血模型侧支循环建立的作用

目的 :建立兔左后肢无主干及分支动脉供血的缺血模型 ,并观察丹参及血管内皮生长因子 ( VEGF)对兔后肢缺血模型侧支循环建立的作用。方法 :通过手术方法在兔后肢大腿段建立一个无主干及分支动脉供血的严重缺血模型。动物随机分为 5组 :未治疗组、丹参组、VEGF组、丹参加VEGF组及生理盐水对照治疗组。在解剖及生理水平上观察各组动物缺血肢体缺血及侧支循环建立情况。结果 :术后第 1天未治疗组动物左 /右小腿血压比为 0 ;动脉造影显示左侧只有髂外动脉中段以上显影、以下主干及分支均未显影。对侧后肢主干及分支动脉显影良好 ,即左侧毛细血管密度( 4 9.8± 1 7.6)个 /mm2 ,右侧为 ( 385 .7± 36.7)个 /mm2 ,P<0 .0 0 1 ;毛细血管数 /肌束数比值 :左侧( 0 .2 1± 0 .0 7) ,右侧 ( 0 .98± 0 .0 5 ) ,P<0 .0 0 1。治疗结束时 ,丹参加 VEGF组动物小腿血压比最高( 0 .74± 0 .1 7) ,它显著高于对照组、丹参组和 VEGF组 ;毛细血管密度与毛细血管数 /肌束数比值亦以丹参加 VEGF组为最高 ;动脉造影显示 ,丹参加 VEGF组中缺血组织处具有治疗意义的粗大的侧支循环形成。结论 :丹参与 VEGF联合应用具有强大的促进缺血模型侧支循环建立的作用     

当归、丹参及川芎嗪对大鼠肺血管的扩张作用

给大鼠分别吸入低O_2、高CO_2低O_2与高CO_2的混合气体3min,均引起肺动脉压不同程度升高。静脉注入当归或川芎嗪注射液后再吸入低O_2或低O_2与高CO_2混合气体,肺动脉压升高幅度降低;丹参注射液对低O_2性肺高压无影响,但可缓解吸入高CO_2气体所致的肺动脉压升高。提示当归或川芎嗪可能是防治慢性阻塞性肺疾患发生肺动脉高压的较好药物。     

丹参对缺血—再灌流兔肾皮质过氧化脂质含量的影响

家兔静脉注射丹参(2g/kg)后,左肾缺血60min再灌流30min,其皮质内过氧化脂质(LPO)含量比注药前自身右肾的含量下降26.68％。丹参组缺血—再灌流肾LPO含量下降的幅度也显著大于葡萄糖组、提示丹参可能具有较强的抗氧化作用,对防治肾缺血—再灌流损害具有积极意义。     

The Rise of a New Psychoactive Agent: Salvia divinorum

Since the 1990s, there has been a rise in the availability and recreational use of a herbal plant called Salvia divinorum. Numerous internet websites have advertised it for sale as a legal herbal alternative to illegal hallucinogens. Initial data surveying use has indicated many young adults are obtaining and using this herb for its psychoactive properties. Reported methods of ingestion for the plant include chewing, and smoking leaves or fortified extracts. Subjective effects of the plant include, affect changes, psychedelic-like changes in perception, and even loss of consciousness. Although the pharmacological properties and possible antidepressant effects have been studied in recent years, little information is known about potential negative impact resulting from recreational use, and scant information about Salvia divinorum currently exists in the psychological and substance abuse literature. While Salvia divinorum appears to be a substance with some therapeutic potential, it also poses some significant dangers as a substance of varying legal status with a potential for abuse.