王琦教授新冠肺炎预防方预防新型冠状病毒肺炎机制的网络药理学探讨＊

目的 借助网络药理学的方法，探究两组王琦教授新冠肺炎预防方（简称预防方）预防新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的分子靶点和机制。方法 通过TCMSP数据库检索并筛选其活性成分及其作用靶点，通过Uniprot数据库进行蛋白标准化处理。从Genecards数据库中以“Novel coronavirus pneumonia”为关键词搜索获取COVID-19的靶标，构建相交靶点韦恩图。通过cytoscape3.7.2构建PPI蛋白互作网络，寻找富集数目最多的靶点。通过R语言对预防方治疗COVID-19的靶点进行GO和KEGG富集分析，并绘制气泡图。结果 预防方与新冠肺炎相关靶点涉IL-6、TNF、CXCL8、VEGFA、MMP9；GO功能富集分析分别获得53、57条通路；27、29条KEGG相关信号通路。结论 王琦教授新冠肺炎预防方中的主要活性成分为槲皮素、山奈酚、木犀草素、β-谷甾醇、植物甾醇等，可能通过作用于IL-6、TNF、CXCL8、VEGFA、MMP9、CXCL8、IL10、CCL2、IL1B等靶点和介导TNF信号通路、T细胞受体信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路等发挥作用，从而促进免疫反应、炎症反应及细菌防御反应，预防COVID-19。     

木犀草素联合下调miR-425-5p对宫颈癌HeLa细胞生物学特性的影响

目的 探讨木犀草素联合下调miR-425-5p对宫颈癌HeLa细胞生物学特性的影响及可能机制。方法 将宫颈癌HeLa细胞（购自中国医学科学院肿瘤细胞库）分成Control组（不做任何处理）、Anti-NC组（在HeLa细胞中用Lipofectamine 2000转染inhibitor control）、Anti-miR-425-5p组（在HeLa细胞中用Lipofectamine 2000转染miR-425-5p inhibitor）、木犀草素+Anti-NC组（在HeLa细胞中用Lipofectamine 2000转染inhibitor control,经40 μmol/L木犀草素处理）、木犀草素+Anti-miR-425-5p组（在HeLa细胞中用Lipofectamine 2000转染miR-425-5p inhibitor,经40 μmol/L木犀草素处理）共5组,并对上述5组采用MTT测定细胞培养24 h后A值（以A值代表细胞增殖活性）,平板克隆实验测定细胞培养12 d后克隆形成率,流式细胞术检测细胞培养24 h后凋亡率,Transwell小室测定细胞培养24 h后侵袭和迁移数目,Western blot法检测细胞培养24 h后p-Akt、c-caspase-3、c-caspase-9、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、MMP-2、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平,比较5组上述指标差异。结果 与Anti-NC组比较,Anti-miR-425-5p组、木犀草素+Anti-NC组、木犀草素+Anti-miR-425-5p组细胞增殖活性、侵袭与迁移数目和MMP-9、MMP-2、p-Akt蛋白表达水平均明显降低,细胞凋亡率和c-caspase-3、c-caspase-9、Bax蛋白表达水平升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达减少,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与Anti-miR-425-5p组、木犀草素+Anti-NC组比较,木犀草素+Anti-miR-425-5p组细胞增殖活性、侵袭与迁移数目和MMP-9、MMP-2、p-Akt蛋白表达水平均明显降低,细胞凋亡率和c-caspase-3、c-caspase-9、Bax蛋白表达水平升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达减少,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 木犀草素联合下调miR-425-5p可抑制宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移,诱导细胞凋亡,作用机制可能与抑制Akt信号通路的激活有关。     

HPLC法测定市售杭白菊中2种有机酸和2种黄酮的含量

摘 要 目的： 测定市售杭白菊中有效成分的含量,比较不同产地杭白菊质量。方法: 采用HPLC法测定绿原酸、3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸2种有机酸成分以及木犀草苷、木犀草素2种黄酮成分的含量。结果: 收集杭白菊样品各有效成分差异较大,12批市售杭白菊绿原酸含量在0.22%～0.70%之间,木犀草苷含量在0.09%～0.25%之间,3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量在0.84%～1.67%之间,木犀草素含量在0.008%～0.042%之间。结论: 市售杭白菊质量有较大差异,有必要进一步加强质量控制。     

Luteolin promotes mitochondrial protection during acute and chronic periods of isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats

ObjectiveAn attempt has been made to evaluate the mitochondrial protection in acute and chronic periods after isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial-infarction (MI) in male Wistar rats.Materials and methodsLuteolin was supplemented by intra-gastric intubation at a daily dose of 0.3 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. In the acute MI model, luteolin had been administered once per day to rat groups during 30 days. On 29th and 30th days, the rats of the acute MI control groups were administered 85 mg/kg body weight, isoproterenol, intra-peritoneally at an interval of 24 h. In the chronic MI model luteolin was supplemented to the rat group during 30 days. On the 1st and 2nd days, the rats of the chronic MI control and luteolin treatment groups were administered ISO by the same way.ResultsThe isoproterenol-treated rats both in acute and chronic models showed an increase in the level of TBARS and a decrease in the activities of mitochondrial antioxidants in MI rats, an increase in levels of mitochondrial lipid profile except phospholipids and the activities of mitochondrial enzymes were decreased in isoproterenol-treated rats. Oral treatments with luteolin in both acute and chronic models showed a significant decrease in the levels of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, increase in the mitochondrial antioxidant levels and also decrease in the mitochondrial enzymes.ConclusionThus the present study revealed that luteolin ameliorates mitochondrial damage in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction by maintaining lipid peroxidation metabolism due to its free radical scavenging, mitochondrial lipids, antioxidants and mitochondrial enzymes. Histopathological observations were also in correlation with the biochemical parameters.     

响应面法优化乌蔹莓的提取工艺

目的：利用Box-Behnken响应面法优化乌蔹莓软膏原料的最佳醇提工艺。方法：以干浸膏得率和木犀草素含量作为评价指标,通过响应面法优化工艺,采用综合评分法作评价指标,并进行二项式方程拟合,预测最佳工艺。结果：对指标影响最大的是醇倍量,其次为提取时间,影响最小的为乙醇浓度。最佳醇提工艺条件为：醇倍量12倍;提取时间2.5 h;乙醇浓度70%。3次验证试验的木犀草素平均含量为0.32 mg·g-1;综合得分为0.98,与预测值的相对误差为2.2%。结论：响应面法优化的提取干浸膏工艺高效稳定,木犀草素提取率较高,为乌蔹莓软膏的开发奠定了基础。     

Luteolin induced G2 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on non-small cell lung cancer cells

In this study, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism for the potent cell cycle inhibition and pro-apoptotic effect of luteolin (2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromenone) on human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell line A549. MTT assay showed that luteolin had obvious cytotoxicity on A549 with IC₅₀ of 40.2 μM at 48 h. Pro-apoptotic effect of luteolin on A549 cells was demonstrated by Hoechst 33258 staining assay and annexin V-FITC/PI double staining analysis. A great quantity of apoptotic cells and increasing G2 phase cells were observed by flow cytometry. Western blotting assay revealed that luteolin activated JNK, increased Bax, promoted procaspase-9 cleavage and activated caspase-3 at last. Assay using TNFα, an active agent of NF-κB, showed that pretreatment of A549 cells with luteolin could inhibit TNFα induced trans-nuclear of NF-κB. In summary, luteolin displayed a significant cytotoxic effect through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in A549 cells. Pro-apoptotic effect was implemented via activating JNK and inhibiting translocation of NF-κB (p65). These results suggested that luteolin might have therapeutic potential against NSCLC.     

HPLC法测定紫花地丁中槲皮素、芹菜素、木犀草素含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定紫花地丁中槲皮素、芹菜素和木犀草素的含量测定方法。方法:采用HPLC法对紫花地丁中的槲皮素、芹菜素、木犀草素进行含量测定。色谱条件为:C18柱(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm),柱温30℃,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL.min-1,检测波长350 nm。结果:槲皮素、芹菜素和木犀草素色谱分离良好,浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系,线性范围分别为槲皮素7.5~90.0 mg.L-1,r=0.999 9(n=6);芹菜素7.5~180.0 mg.L-1,r=0.999 8(n=6),木犀草素2.5~55.0 mg.L-1,r=0.999 9(n=6)。平均加样回收率分别为95.1%(n=9,RSD=1.0%)、95.7%(n=9,RSD=1.2%)、97.8%(n=9,RSD=0.7%)。结论:本方法测定了5批紫花地丁的槲皮素、芹菜素和木犀草素的含量,该方法分离度好、快速、简便、重现性好。     

HPLC法测定莲须中木犀草素的含量

目的采用HPLC法测定莲须中木犀草素的含量。方法色谱柱:Phenomenex-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-0.2%磷酸溶液(55∶45);检测波长:350 nm;流速:1 mL/min;柱温:30℃。结果木犀草素在0.204～2.040μg之间线性关系良好,加样回收率为99.44%,RSD=0.82%(n=6)。结论该方法操作简便、准确,具有很好的重现性和稳定性,可以用于莲须的质量控制。     

Suppressive Effects of the Flavonoids Quercetin and Luteolin on the Accumulation of Lipid Rafts after Signal Transduction via Receptors

Quercetin (QUER) and luteolin (LUTE) are dietary flavonoids capable of regulating the production of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. In lipopolysaccharide-triggered (LPS)-triggered signaling via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), QUER and LUTE suppresses not only the degradation of the inhibitor of κB (IκB), with resultant activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), but also the phosphorylation of p38 and Akt in bone marrow-derived macrophages that have been stimulated with LPS. We report here that, in TNF-α-induced signaling, QUER and LUTE significantly suppressed the production of IL-6 and activation of NF-κB. Accumulation of lipid rafts, the initial step in the signaling pathway, was significantly inhibited when macrophages were treated with QUER or with LUTE prior to exposure to LPS. Similarly, the accumulation of lipid rafts was inhibited by the flavonoids when B cells were activated via the membrane IgM and when T cells were activated via CD3. In contrast, QUER and LUTE did not inhibit the activation of phorbol myristate acetate-induced NF-κB in macrophages. Our observations suggest that QUER and LUTE interact with receptors on the cell surface and suppress the accumulation of lipid rafts that occurs downstream of the activation of the receptors.     

HPLC法同时测定菊兰感冒颗粒中绿原酸、黄芩苷和木犀草素的含量

目的：建立同时测定菊兰感冒颗粒中绿原酸、黄芩苷和木犀草素等3种成分的HPLC方法。方法：采用Diamosil C18（2）色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）;乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液为流动相,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,梯度洗脱;柱温35℃;检测波长为327 nm（绿原酸和黄芩苷）、360 nm（木犀草素）。结果：绿原酸、黄芩苷和木犀草素的线性范围分别为0.50-9.96μg·ml-1（r=0.999 8）、10.10-202.00μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 5）、0.10-2.04μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 6）;平均回收率分别为98.13%、98.80%、99.62%;RSD分别为0.65%、0.26%、0.57%（n=6）。结论：该法简便、稳定、重复性好,可用于菊兰感冒颗粒中绿原酸、黄芩苷和木犀草素的含量测定。