王琦教授新冠肺炎预防方预防新型冠状病毒肺炎机制的网络药理学探讨＊

目的 借助网络药理学的方法，探究两组王琦教授新冠肺炎预防方（简称预防方）预防新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的分子靶点和机制。方法 通过TCMSP数据库检索并筛选其活性成分及其作用靶点，通过Uniprot数据库进行蛋白标准化处理。从Genecards数据库中以“Novel coronavirus pneumonia”为关键词搜索获取COVID-19的靶标，构建相交靶点韦恩图。通过cytoscape3.7.2构建PPI蛋白互作网络，寻找富集数目最多的靶点。通过R语言对预防方治疗COVID-19的靶点进行GO和KEGG富集分析，并绘制气泡图。结果 预防方与新冠肺炎相关靶点涉IL-6、TNF、CXCL8、VEGFA、MMP9；GO功能富集分析分别获得53、57条通路；27、29条KEGG相关信号通路。结论 王琦教授新冠肺炎预防方中的主要活性成分为槲皮素、山奈酚、木犀草素、β-谷甾醇、植物甾醇等，可能通过作用于IL-6、TNF、CXCL8、VEGFA、MMP9、CXCL8、IL10、CCL2、IL1B等靶点和介导TNF信号通路、T细胞受体信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路等发挥作用，从而促进免疫反应、炎症反应及细菌防御反应，预防COVID-19。     

木樨草素拮抗庆大霉素耳毒性实验观察

目的:初步了解木樨草素对庆大霉素耳毒性的影响。方法:设庆大霉素组与庆大霉素加不同剂量木樨草素(10mg、20 mg)两组,并进行组间比较,观察听性脑干反应(ABR)阈值、眼震电图(ENG)的频率,了解其听功能及前庭功能的变化。结合耳蜗基底膜铺片琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)染色方法观察耳蜗形态学变化。结果:听功能检查结果显示,庆大霉素加不同剂量木樨草素组的ABR阈值明显低于庆大霉素组,经统计学处理,差异有显著性。形态学检查结果与听功能检查结果一致。前庭功能检查结果亦发现木樨草素对庆大霉素引起的前庭功能变化有拮抗作用。结论:本实验发现木樨草素对庆大霉素引起的耳蜗和前庭损伤有拮抗作用。     

UV spectrometric and DC polarographic studies on apigenin and luteolin

Remarks on polyphenolic compounds has been arisen since past few years. The flavonoids appears to be the important groups of compounds with their capability to inhibit DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, to quench free radicals and, at least, anticarcinogenic and antiproliferative effects. On the other hand, their mechanism of action is still unexplained. Apigenin and luteolin are the most wide-spread flavones and they exhibited to be useful in chemoprevention. UV spectrometric and DC polarographic studies on these two compounds have been carried out with regard to changing pH. The most significant changes were observed at basic pH. These results could aid to elucidation of their mechanism of action as pH is one of the important factors for bioprocesses passing in living organisms.     

局部涂抹木犀草素抑制小鼠干燥性皮肤瘙痒

目的：对木犀草素对小鼠干燥性皮炎的作用进行了评价。方法：用丙酮和乙醚的混合液(1：1)局部敷于ICR小鼠皮肤造成干燥性皮炎模型，造模期间，小鼠皮肤局部应用木犀草素(2，20，100μg／site)，5天后观察45min内小鼠的自发瘙瘁行为，检测造模处皮肤的PGE2含量。此外，我们还对木犀草素体外对compound 48／80(50μg／ml)引起的大鼠腹腔肥大细胞脱颗粒情况进行了评价。结果：木犀草素能够显著减少干燥性皮炎引起的小鼠的自主瘙痒行为，降低病变皮肤中的PGE2含量，并能有效抑制compound 48／80(50μg／ml)引起的大鼠腹腔肥大细胞脱颗粒。结论：木犀草素能有效减轻小鼠干燥性皮炎的瘙痒症状，其作用可能是通过对肥大细胞脱颗粒及局部炎症的抑制来实现的。     

Luteolin promotes mitochondrial protection during acute and chronic periods of isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats

ObjectiveAn attempt has been made to evaluate the mitochondrial protection in acute and chronic periods after isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial-infarction (MI) in male Wistar rats.Materials and methodsLuteolin was supplemented by intra-gastric intubation at a daily dose of 0.3 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. In the acute MI model, luteolin had been administered once per day to rat groups during 30 days. On 29th and 30th days, the rats of the acute MI control groups were administered 85 mg/kg body weight, isoproterenol, intra-peritoneally at an interval of 24 h. In the chronic MI model luteolin was supplemented to the rat group during 30 days. On the 1st and 2nd days, the rats of the chronic MI control and luteolin treatment groups were administered ISO by the same way.ResultsThe isoproterenol-treated rats both in acute and chronic models showed an increase in the level of TBARS and a decrease in the activities of mitochondrial antioxidants in MI rats, an increase in levels of mitochondrial lipid profile except phospholipids and the activities of mitochondrial enzymes were decreased in isoproterenol-treated rats. Oral treatments with luteolin in both acute and chronic models showed a significant decrease in the levels of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, increase in the mitochondrial antioxidant levels and also decrease in the mitochondrial enzymes.ConclusionThus the present study revealed that luteolin ameliorates mitochondrial damage in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction by maintaining lipid peroxidation metabolism due to its free radical scavenging, mitochondrial lipids, antioxidants and mitochondrial enzymes. Histopathological observations were also in correlation with the biochemical parameters.     

HPLC法测定市售杭白菊中2种有机酸和2种黄酮的含量

摘 要 目的： 测定市售杭白菊中有效成分的含量,比较不同产地杭白菊质量。方法: 采用HPLC法测定绿原酸、3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸2种有机酸成分以及木犀草苷、木犀草素2种黄酮成分的含量。结果: 收集杭白菊样品各有效成分差异较大,12批市售杭白菊绿原酸含量在0.22%～0.70%之间,木犀草苷含量在0.09%～0.25%之间,3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量在0.84%～1.67%之间,木犀草素含量在0.008%～0.042%之间。结论: 市售杭白菊质量有较大差异,有必要进一步加强质量控制。     

木犀草素对胶质瘤细胞的抗增殖作用及其机制研究

目的研究木犀草素对人胶质瘤U251细胞增殖的抑制作用及其机制。方法将体外培养的胶质瘤U251细胞分为对照组、木犀草素组(依木犀草素浓度不同分为3个亚组),CCK-8法测定细胞增殖率,流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡率,Hoechst PI核染色法观察细胞核凋亡,Western blot法检测胶质瘤U251细胞内B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)及Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)的蛋白表达。结果 CCK-8结果显示,胶质瘤U251细胞增殖率随木犀草素浓度的升高而下降;流式细胞仪及Hoechst PI核染色法的检测结果表明,随着木犀草素作用浓度的递增,胶质瘤U251细胞凋亡率呈剂量依赖性递增;Western blot结果显示,木犀草素抑制了胶质瘤U251细胞中抗凋亡信号分子Bcl-2的表达,促进了Bax的表达。结论木犀草素通过改变凋亡相关信号分子Bcl-2及Bax的表达,抑制胶质瘤U251细胞增殖。     

木犀草素对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎大鼠SPH/SPHK1/S1P1通路及神经元凋亡的影响

目的 探讨木犀草素(Luteolin)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)大鼠神经酰胺-鞘氨醇(Sphingosine,SPH)/鞘氨醇激酶1(Sphingosine kinase 1,SPHK1)/1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体1(Sphingosine-1-phosphate 1,S1P1)通路蛋白表达水平及神经元凋亡的影响。方法 取雌性Wistar大鼠,采用注射豚鼠脊髓免疫抗原法建立EAE模型,将造模成功的50只大鼠随机分为模型(EAE)组,Luteolin低(5mg/kg)、中(25 mg/kg)、高(50 mg/kg)剂量组,芬戈莫德(FTY720)阳性对照组(61.7 mg/kg),每组各10只; 另取10只雌性Wistar大鼠,注射等量生理盐水,作为空白对照(Control)组; 各组于造模15 d后开始给药,Luteolin低、中、高剂量组经腹腔注射相应剂量Luteolin药物,芬戈莫德(FTY720)阳性对照组灌胃给予相应剂量的FTY720,EAE组和Control组灌胃和腹腔注射等量生理盐水,各组连续给药14 d,2次/d; 各组大鼠于末次给药12 h后对大鼠EAE临床症状进行评分; 取脊髓组织,用苏木精-伊红染色(Hematoxylin eosin,HE)及固蓝(Luxol fast blue,LFB)染色法检测大鼠髓鞘组织病理表现及脱髓鞘面积; 原位缺口末端转移酶标记法(TdT-mediated dUTP nick and labeling,TUNEL)法检测髓鞘组织中神经元的凋亡情况并计算凋亡率; 以蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测髓鞘组织中通路蛋白SPHK,SPH,S1P1及凋亡蛋白半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-12(Cystein-asparate protease-12,Caspase-12)蛋白相对表达水平。结果 与Control组比较,EAE组大鼠EAE临床症状评分、脊髓组织炎性细胞浸润和髓鞘脱失程度、神经元凋亡率、髓鞘组织中SPH,SPHK1,S1P1及Caspase-12蛋白表达水平均升高(P<0.05); 与EAE组比较,Luteolin低、中、高剂量组及芬戈莫德(FTY720)阳性对照组大鼠EAE临床症状评分、脊髓组织炎性细胞浸润和髓鞘脱失程度、神经元凋亡率、髓鞘组织中SPH,SPHK1,S1P1及Caspase-12蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.05),且Luteolin各剂量组上述指标水平呈剂量依赖性; Luteolin高剂量组与芬戈莫德(FTY720)阳性对照组的上述指标水平均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 Luteolin可能通过抑制EAE模型大鼠髓鞘组织SPHK,SPH,S1P1蛋白表达来抑制EAE大鼠脱髓鞘病变及神经元凋亡。     

Suppressive Effects of the Flavonoids Quercetin and Luteolin on the Accumulation of Lipid Rafts after Signal Transduction via Receptors

Quercetin (QUER) and luteolin (LUTE) are dietary flavonoids capable of regulating the production of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. In lipopolysaccharide-triggered (LPS)-triggered signaling via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), QUER and LUTE suppresses not only the degradation of the inhibitor of κB (IκB), with resultant activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), but also the phosphorylation of p38 and Akt in bone marrow-derived macrophages that have been stimulated with LPS. We report here that, in TNF-α-induced signaling, QUER and LUTE significantly suppressed the production of IL-6 and activation of NF-κB. Accumulation of lipid rafts, the initial step in the signaling pathway, was significantly inhibited when macrophages were treated with QUER or with LUTE prior to exposure to LPS. Similarly, the accumulation of lipid rafts was inhibited by the flavonoids when B cells were activated via the membrane IgM and when T cells were activated via CD3. In contrast, QUER and LUTE did not inhibit the activation of phorbol myristate acetate-induced NF-κB in macrophages. Our observations suggest that QUER and LUTE interact with receptors on the cell surface and suppress the accumulation of lipid rafts that occurs downstream of the activation of the receptors.     

HPLC法同时测定菊兰感冒颗粒中绿原酸、黄芩苷和木犀草素的含量

目的：建立同时测定菊兰感冒颗粒中绿原酸、黄芩苷和木犀草素等3种成分的HPLC方法。方法：采用Diamosil C18（2）色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）;乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液为流动相,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,梯度洗脱;柱温35℃;检测波长为327 nm（绿原酸和黄芩苷）、360 nm（木犀草素）。结果：绿原酸、黄芩苷和木犀草素的线性范围分别为0.50-9.96μg·ml-1（r=0.999 8）、10.10-202.00μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 5）、0.10-2.04μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 6）;平均回收率分别为98.13%、98.80%、99.62%;RSD分别为0.65%、0.26%、0.57%（n=6）。结论：该法简便、稳定、重复性好,可用于菊兰感冒颗粒中绿原酸、黄芩苷和木犀草素的含量测定。