Update on sports imaging

Sports Imaging has dramatically increased in the past decade with increasing number of adolescents, young and middle-aged adults participating in non-competitive/hobby sports. Therefore, sports injuries are no longer confined to elite athletes. Furthermore, newer forms of sports such as mountain climbing, pickle ball and curling etc. are gaining popularity. Majority of the injuries in sports medicine are from musculoskeletal trauma. Therefore, it is imperative that the musculoskeletal radiologist becomes familiar with various sports related injury patterns as these are commonly encountered in daily practice. This update aims to briefly encapsulate the major aspects of sports imaging. It includes the imaging manifestations of various types of musculoskeletal injuries on different modalities (commonly US and MRI) and briefly mentions the various image guided interventions, performed both on the sports field and in the hospital setting.     

表面活性剂在硝酸士的宁注射液酸性染料比色法中的应用

表面活性剂在光度分析中已经有了广泛的应用,不论是在水溶液中测定的胶束增溶光度法还是在有机溶剂中测定的胶束萃取光度法中,表面活性剂的加入都具有明显的增溶、增敏和增稳作用,它能直接影响显色反应的速度、平衡位置以及配合物的构型,能改变溶剂的     

丹红与疏血通结合早期康复治疗对急脑梗死患者运动及生活活动能力的影响

目的:应用丹红与疏血通结合早期康复治疗急脑梗死患者,观察其对急性脑梗死偏瘫患者运动及生活活动能力的影响。方法:选择急性脑梗死偏瘫患者80例,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组在给予丹红与疏血通静脉滴注治疗的同时进行规范的康复训练,对照组给予丹参和曲克芦丁静脉滴注及未经指导的自我锻炼,在患者入组时和30天后分别进行有关的功能评定,评价两组的疗效。结果:治疗前两组的一般资料、运动功能与日常生活活动能力的评定无显著性差异(P>0.05),经过30天治疗后,两组运动能力、巴氏指数均有改善,其改善幅度康复组要明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:丹红与疏血通结合早期康复治疗,有助于改善急性脑梗死偏瘫患者的运动及生活活动能力。     

复方甘油注射液长期毒性试验

复方甘油注射液系新脱水药。为了确定该药反复使用有无蓄积性中毒作用及最大无作用量，作者以大鼠和狗进行为期２８天的长期毒性试验。两种动物皆设立生理盐水对照组，低剂量组（大鼠为１０ｍｌ／ｋｇ，狗为１．７ｍｌ／ｋｇ），高剂量组（大鼠为４５ｍｌ／ｋｇ，狗为１３ｍｌ／ｋｇ）。按规定剂量每天一次静注给药，连续２８天。结果表明，两种动物均未出现明显的机能性变化，以及特异性靶器官、靶细胞的损害。故认为大鼠和狗对受试物的最大无作用量分别大于４５ｍｌ／ｋｇ和１３ｍｌ／ｋｇ。     

Effects of intracarotid or intraruminal injections of NaCl or NaHCO3 on sodium appetite in goats.

Goats, which have been depleted of sodium by loss of parotid saliva from a parotid fistula, have been trained to press panels with their muzzles in order to obatin small volumes of 4% (0.5 M) sodium bicarbonate to drink. Normal goats display no appetite for 4% (0.5 M) bicarbonate solutions. Goats which were depleted of sodium were highly motivated to work for bicarbonate solutions without displaying a marked fall in plasma sodium levels. It was not possible to train sodium depleted goats to press the panels to obtain intracarotid injections of 3% (0.5 M) salt solutions. The continuous intracarotid injection of concentrated 23% (3.9 M) solutions of NaCl, which increased the level of Na⁺ ions in the cephalic circulation by 11 to 18 m-equiv./1., did not reduce the rate at which sodium depleted goats pressed the panel to obtain 4% (0.5 M) bicarbonate solutions to drink. It was not possible to train sodium depleted goats to press the panel switch in order to obtain intraruminal injections of 4% (0.5 M) bicarbonate solution.     

Organization of the thalamo-cortical connexions to the frontal lobe in the rhesus monkey

Summary In 25 rhesus monkeys horseradish peroxidase was injected in different parts of the frontal cortex. The retrogradely labelled thalamic neurons formed longitudinal bands, some of which crossed the internal medullary lamina, and extended from one thalamic nucleus into another. On the basis of these findings the frontal cortex was subdivided into seven transverse cortical strips which receive afferents from seven longitudinal bands of thalamic neurons. The most rostral transverse strip receives afferents from the most medial thalamic band which is oriented vertically and extends through the most medial part of the MD into the medial pulvinar. Progressively more caudally located transverse strips receive afferents from progressively more laterally located thalamic bands which in part are situated in the VL and show an increasing tilt towards the horizontal. Moreover, those parts of the various bands which are situated along the dorsal and lateral margin of the thalamus project to the medial portions of the transverse cortical strips, i.e. along the medial margin of the frontal lobe, while the other parts situated ventromedially in the thalamus project to the lateral portions of these strips, i.e. along the lateral margin of the frontal lobe.These data provide an alternative view of the organization of the thalamus and suggest that this structure contains a matrix of longitudinal cell columns which in some cases extend across specific nuclear borders and may represent the basic thalamic building blocks in respect to the thalamo-cortical connexions.     

TUBB8基因突变致早期胚胎发育停滞一例

青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院生殖医学中心对1例反复体外受精/卵细胞质内单精子注射（IVF/ICSI）助孕后早期胚胎发育停滞的患者进行了全外显子基因检测,发现了一种新的TUBB8基因突变型（c.208C>T/p.Pro70Ser）,并进一步探讨了TUBB8基因突变与早期胚胎发育停滞之间的联系,为反复种植失败的诊断与治疗提供更多可能性。     

长效长方案促排卵前采取高纯度人尿促性素预处理的临床分析

目的探讨在长效长方案促排卵前,采取高纯度人尿促性素(HP-hMG)预处理,对接受体外受精/卵胞浆内单精子注射(IVF/ICSI)-胚胎移植(ET)助孕的不孕女性临床妊娠结局的影响。 方法选择2018年1月至2019年8月,于中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八零医院生殖医学中心进行IVF/ICSI-ET助孕,并采用长效长方案促排卵的171例卵巢储备功能正常的不孕女性为研究对象。回顾性分析其临床病例资料。根据启动促性腺激素(Gn)前是否采用HP-hMG预处理,将其分为研究组(n＝102,采用HP-hMG进行预处理)与对照组(n＝69,未进行预处理)。对2组受试者的一般临床资料、接受IVF/ICSI-ET助孕中相关临床指标、ET相关指标、妊娠结局及助孕相关不良反应发生率等,采用独立样本t检验及χ²检验进行统计学比较。本研究经本院伦理委员会批准(审批文号：2020-KY-129),所有受试者均签署知情同意书。 结果①2组受试者年龄、人体质量指数(BMI)、原发不孕者所占比例、不孕年限、基础窦卵泡计数(AFC),以及基础血清激素,包括卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体激素(LH)、雌二醇及孕酮水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②2组受试者降调节后血清FSH、LH、雌二醇及孕酮水平,Gn启动日血清FSH及雌二醇水平,Gn使用时间及剂量,人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)日血清LH、雌二醇及孕酮水平,以及移植日子宫内膜厚度比较,差异亦均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组受试者Gn启动日血清LH水平为(1.27±0.81) IU/L,显著高于对照组的(0.46±0.21) IU/L,并且差异有统计学意义(t＝-8.115、P<0.001)。③2组受试者的获卵数、获卵率、MⅡ卵率、正常受精率、优质胚胎率、鲜胚移植率、移植胚胎数、IVF与ICSI比值(IVF/ICSI)、临床妊娠率及自然流产率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组中、重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)及卵巢低反应发生率均为0,显著低于对照组的4.4%及5.8%,并且差异均有统计学意义(χ²＝4.514、P＝0.034,χ²＝6.055、P＝0.014)。 结论接受IVF/ICSI-ET助孕不孕女性,在长效长方案促排卵前采取HP-hMG预处理,可在不增加Gn使用时间及剂量前提下,降低OHSS及卵巢低反应发生。     

肌肉注射氨甲喋呤治疗异位妊娠

[目的 ]探讨氨甲喋呤单次肌肉注射治疗异位妊娠的效果及适应症 .[方法 ]对 2 1例异位妊娠患者单次肌肉注射氨甲喋呤 ,剂量为 5 0mg/m2 ,每周检测绒毛膜促性腺激素水平 .[结果 ]17例 (80 % )成功 ,4例失败 ,成功与否与首次检测时的血绒毛膜促性腺激素值高低有关 .[结论 ]肌肉注射氨甲喋呤是简便而有效的治疗早期异位妊娠的方法之一 ,但应严格掌握适应症 .适用于异位妊娠包块直径小于 5cm、无内出血、血绒毛膜促性激素低于 16 0 0 μg/L者     

一阶导数紫外分光光度法测定注射用头孢噻肟钠的含量

目的探讨注射用头孢噻肟钠含量测定更加简便快速的方法;方法根据其化学结构的特点,采用一阶导数光谱法测定其含量;结果测定含量准确可靠且重现性好,平均回收率为99．87％(n=5),RSD为0．67％;结论可用于头孢噻肟钠原料药中问体和注射用无茵粉末等含量测定。