血清唾液酸,岩藻糖和急性期蛋白测定对消化道癌症的诊断意义

目的：研究消化道癌症患者血清唾液酸、岩藻糖和急性期蛋白浓度的变化，探讨其对消化道癌症的诊断意义。方法：研究病例包括５５例消化道癌症，对照组包括６１例消化道良性病患者和５８例健康献血员。血清唾液酸用改良Ａｍｉｎｏｆ法，血清岩藻糖用Ｔｓａｙ法测定，５种急性期蛋白用琼脂单向免疫扩散法测定。结果：消化道癌症组血清唾液酸、岩藻糖、α１酸性糖蛋白（α１ＡＧ）、α１抗胰蛋白酶（α１ＡＴ）和结合珠蛋白（ＨＰ）的浓度显著高于正常人组及消化道良性疾病组（Ｐ＜０．０１），并且血清唾液酸、岩藻糖浓度增高与急性期蛋白呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而癌症组血清前白蛋白（ＰＡ）和转铁蛋白（ＴＦ）与对照组无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：研究提示可以将血清唾液酸、岩藻糖、α１ＡＧ、α１ＡＴ和ＨＰ作为消化道癌症的辅助诊断指标，联合检测上述生化指标，特别是检测血清唾液、岩藻糖和α１—ＡＧ可以提高检出的阳性率、减少误诊率     

着床前后兔子宫内膜表面岩藻糖化抗原的变化

为了解子宫内膜表面复合糖在胚泡着床中的作用，本文以八种抗原结构相关对岩藻糖化寡糖特异的单克隆抗体为探针，研究着床前后家兔子宫内膜岩藻糖化抗原的分布状态与胚泡植入的关系。免疫组化分析的结果表明：（１）未孕内膜表面岩藻糖化抗原ＬｅＹ、ＬｅＫ、Ｈ－１为阳性。植入前ｄ４～７内膜表面岩藻糖化抗原则以ＬｅＹ为主，ＬｅＸ、Ｈ－１逐渐转为阴性。但植入时ｄ７．５内膜上皮ＬｅＹ转为阴性，而腺体仍为阳性。（２）未孕和植入期ｄ４～７．５内膜表面岩藻糖化糖抗原（ＬｅＹ、ＬｅＸ等）之母链Ｇａｌβ１－４ＧｌｃＮＡｃβ１－３Ｇａｌ－表达较强，植入后（ｄ９）消失。（３）抗原ＧｌｃＮＡｃβ１－３Ｇａｌ－在未孕期和植入后（ｄ９）为阳性，植入期ｄ４～７．５则为阴性。（４）植入时ｄ７．５胚泡外膜无岩藻糖化抗原表达，但有抗原Ｇ１ｃＮＡｃβ１－３Ｇａｌ－（抗体为ＦＥ－Ｊｌ）和Ｇａｌβ１－４ＧｌｃＮＡｃβ１－３Ｇａｌ－表达。上述结果提示胚泡植入前后，兔子宫内膜表面岩藻糖化抗原ＬｅＹ的表达有阶段特异性变化，这种变化可能与胚泡和内膜之间的粘连和植入有关。     

Incorporation of [H]fucose in rat hippocampal structures after conditioning by perforanth path stimulation and after LTP-producing tetanization

The contribution of glycoprotein synthesis to functional synaptic changes and to the formation of memory traces was investigated by autoradiographic determination of the incorporation of [³H]fucose into the hippocampal structures of rats. In the first experiment, the fucose incorporation was measured after induction of post-tetanic long-term potentiation (LTP) in granular cell synapses by repeated tetanization (200 cps) of the perforant path, and after stimulation of this hippocampal input by the same number of impulses with very low frequency (0.2 cps) not producing LTP. In the second experiment, the incorporation of fucose was determined after an active avoidance training using the stimulation of the perforant path by impulse trains of 15 cps as conditioning stimuli, and after a session of corresponding unpaired stimulations of the perforant path. Unstimulated animals were used in both experiments to measure the basal glycosylation. LTP-producing tetanization resulted only in a slight increase of incorporation into the ipsilateral hippocampal structures without significant differences to similar changes after the corresponding control stimulation with single impulses. After a session of unpaired stimulation of the perforant path with impulse trains of 15 cps only slight and inconsistent changes of incorporation occurred in the hippocampus too. However, after conditioning by the corresponding perforant path stimulation as conditioned stimulus, considerable increases of incorporation were observed in all structures of the ipsilateral hippocampus, when compared to the unpaired control stimulation. An enhanced labeling occurred also in some structures of the contralateral hippocampus mainly receiving commissural inputs. The results suggest again, that the activation of one single hippocampal afferent, even if producing LTP, would not be sufficient to induce an increased glycosylation of neuronal proteins. The increase of glycoprotein formation seems to require the convergence of several inputs, which can be assumed to occur during learning. Therefore, LTP of a single synaptic population seems not to represent the complete long-lasting memory trace, but only one of its components, or a preceding transient storage mechanism.     

Mechanisms of dopamine induced changes in hippocampal glycoprotein metabolism

In rat hippocampal sli slices incubated in the presence of dopamine, a relatively strong correlation was observed between changes in the incorporation of ³H-fucose into total proteins and the formation of GDP-³H-fucose. However, in hippocampal homogenate the incorporation of ¹⁴C-fucose from GDP-¹⁴C-fucose was not stimulated by dopamine. In contrast, the incorporation of ³H-fucose was stimulated by dopamine to a similar extent observed in hippocampal slices. Furthermore, in hippocampal slices dopamine did not increase the activity of fucosyltransferase. These results, together with our previous findings, suggest that the increased incorporation of fucose induced by dopamine in the hippocampal slices may be due to a receptor-mediated cAMP-dependent regulation, which controls the rate of fucosylation of acceptor-glycoproteins either at the level of fucose phosphorylation or of formation of GDP-fucose rather than the activity of fucosyltransferase.     

Binding characteristics of fluoresceinated Lotus tetragonolobus fucolectin to macrophage populations which are either responsive or refractory to activation by lymphokine

Fucose binding protein (FBP) from Lotus tetragonolobus seed was studied by fluorescence microscopy for its binding characteristics to various guinea pig peritoneal macrophage populations. Fluoresceinated FBP (FITC-FBP) was bound optimally at 22 degrees C in a punctate distribution and was internalized at 37 degrees C. Binding of FBP to macrophages was reversed specifically by the competitive sugar L-fucose, and not by D-fucose, L-rhamnose, or D-galactose. FBP was bound with greater frequency and intensity to 3-day oil-elicited peritoneal macrophages which are responsive to migration inhibition by FBP and migration inhibitory factor (MIF) than to resident or 7-day inflammatory macrophages which are unresponsive to activation by the same effectors. Competition for visual binding of FITC-FBP to macrophages was demonstrated by preincubation of cells with unlabeled FBP or MIF. Competition of FITC-FBP binding by MIF was reversed by L-fucose. These results indicate that FBP binds preferentially, with greater frequency and intensity, to macrophage subpopulations which are responsive to MIF than to MIF-refractory macrophages. The data further supports the existence of a common receptor site for MIF and FBP on the macrophage membrane which involves fucosyl determinants.     

Two populations of rod photoreceptors in the retina of Xenopus laevis identified with 3H-fucose autoradiography

The retina of Xenopus laevis contains two populations of rod photoreceptors that differ in their utilization of L-fucose. Following intraperitoneal injections with 3H-fucose, all rod and cone photoreceptors incorporate the label. One day after labeling, much of the radioactivity is associated with the photoreceptor outer segments. In rods, a band of radioactivity is initially located at the base of the outer segment. As the time interval between injection and recovery is extended, the band of radioactivity is progressively displaced toward the outer segment tip. When the autoradiography exposure times are reduced so that cone and most rod outer segments no longer appear labeled, a minor population of rod photoreceptors can be distinguished which remains heavily labeled. The outer segment of the principal rod is 29.8 +/- 0.6 micrometers long and 6.4 +/- 0.6 micrometers in diameter, whereas the outer segment of the minor rod is 19.7 +/- 3.4 micrometers long and 4.5 +/- 0.6 micrometers in diameter, the latter accounting for approximately 2-3% of the total rod photoreceptor population. The rate of 3H-band displacement is 2-fold greater in the minor rod outer segment than the renewal rate of the outer segment in the principal rod. The similarity in relative cell density and size of the minor rod suggests that this photoreceptor corresponds to the blue-sensitive rod of Xenopus recently described by Witkovsky et al. (1981a, b), Vision Res. 21, 863-867, 875-883).     

南极海茸多糖咀嚼片的制备及含量测定

目的：研制南极海茸多糖咀嚼片的配方工艺,并建立含量测定方法。方法：以南极海茸多糖为原料,采用湿法制粒压片工艺,通过正交实验,以多指标综合评分法,确定最适工艺配方。采用Gibbons 比色法测定咀嚼片中南极海茸多糖的含量。结果：南极海茸多糖咀嚼片的优选处方为：南极海茸多糖10%,填充剂木糖醇、甘露醇和山梨醇78%,风味剂11.5%,硬脂酸镁0.5%。采用Gibbons 比色法,检测到咀嚼片中岩藻糖含量为5.9 mg/g,岩藻糖在10-100 μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9993),回收率在95.8%-103.3%之间, RSD=1.88%(n=6)。结论：按照正交优化的配方工艺,可制备出性状良好、口感酥脆、风味协调且具有海洋特色的南极海茸多糖咀嚼片。Gibbons 比色法检测结果准确,操作简单快速,可用于南极海茸多糖嚼片的质量控制。     

玉足海参多糖的分离及理化性质研究

从玉足海参干燥体壁中分离到一种粉末物质,经红外光谱、紫外光谱、纸层析以及理化分析,表明为一硫酸粘多糖,其组成中氨基半乳糖:葡萄糖醛酸:岩藻糖:硫酸基的分子比值为1:0.96:0.78:1.98。本文还报道了该多糖的比旋度、特性粘度和分子量。     

Repeated immunization induces the increase in fucose content on antigen-specific IgG N-linked oligosaccharides

OBJECTIVE: In order to investigate whether repeated immunization induces changes in IgG glycosylation, we analyzed the composition of oligosaccharides on antigen-specific IgGs obtained from mice that received different amounts of immunization boosts. METHODS: Three groups of mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and boosted once, twice, or three times, respectively, with an interval of 1 week. The patterns of oligosaccharides present in anti-OVA specific IgGs were analyzed using lectin-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lectin-blot. RESULTS: The repeated injection of OVA induced both the production of specific IgGs and an increase of fucose content in N-linked oligosaccharides of the IgGs. The lowest IgG fucosylation was observed in mice boosted once, whereas the highest fucosylation rate was observed in mice boosted three times. ELISA assay demonstrated that there was a positive relationship between the fucose content and amount of immunization boosts. CONCLUSIONS: IgG fucosylation increases during repeated immunization with ovalbumin. The alteration of IgG fucosylation may have important biological significance.     

A case control study of glycoprotein status in ovarian carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death due to gynecological malignancies. The aim of our study was to investigate the status of circulating glycoprotein levels in ovarian cancer patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty ovarian cancer patients and an equal number of age-matched, apparently healthy subjects as controls were involved in the study. Glycoprotein levels, as indicated by the concentration of plasma total sialic acid, protein-bound hexoses, hexosamine and fucose were estimated in circulation of both the ovarian cancer patients and controls. RESULTS: Significantly elevated levels of plasma total sialic acid, protein-bound hexoses, hexosamine and fucose were observed in ovarian cancer patients as compared to the apparently healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Plasma total sialic acid, protein-bound hexoses, hexosamine and fucose in the circulation of ovarian cancer patients are markedly elevated and the increase in these carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins reflect the stage of cancer and may be an additional tool in the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian carcinoma.