脑隐球菌病的CT诊断

温习了10例隐球菌脑病及其脑CT扫描表现，8例CT扫描异常，异常表现包括假囊肿、结节、脑实质低密度灶、钙化和脑积水，但无一种表现是隐球菌感染的特征，讨论了CT表现与病理改变的相关性。     

肺隐球菌病3例报告并文献复习

目的 提高对肺隐球菌病的诊断和治疗水平.方法 对3例肺隐球菌病患者的临床资料进行分析,并进行文献复习.结果 3例患者均行经皮肺穿刺活检,组织病理学确诊.1、2例为轻症,第3例为重症.痰培养和支气管镜检查均阴性,血清隐球菌荚膜乳胶凝集实验均阳性,第3例脑脊液压力升高,乳胶凝集实验阳性.1、2例应用氟康唑治疗,第3例应用两性霉素B治疗,均临床治愈.结论 肺隐球菌病临床误诊率高.采用血清隐球菌荚膜乳胶凝集实验和经皮肺穿刺活检相结合的方法,可明显提高诊断率.对于免疫功能正常和轻症患者,首选氟康唑,对于免疫受损和重症患者,首选两性霉素B.     

Application of the DiversiLab system for tracing the source of the mixed infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

Two strains of Cryptococcus neoformans (PU 66 and PU112) were simultaneously isolated from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. We aimed to trace the source of the mixed infections. Multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST) and the DiversiLab system analyses were performed on the 2 clinical and 23 environmental C. neoformans from pigeon droppings, 11 from the home (H1) the patient visited, 12 from another home (H2) as control. All the strains were uniformly genotyped as C. neoformans var. grubii VNI. Clinical strain PU66 and all the H1 isolates had the same sequence type (ST) – ST5, while for PU112 a new ST was observed – ST265. However, there was only one single base of 7 MLST loci difference between PU66 and PU112. Sequence types of the H2 strains were ST31 and ST297. DiversiLab analysis showed that strain similarity between the two clinical strains was 96.7%. In relation to environmental samples, the highest strain similarity (99.3%) was observed for PU66 and PU70 (H1). However, none of the environmental isolates had similarity over 98.6% comparing to PU112. One source of the mixed infections has been detected, but another needs further investigation.     

国内22年肺隐球菌病回顾性分析

目的　回顾国内 2 2年来肺隐球菌病的诊疗进展。方法　检索 1980～ 2 0 0 1年中文生物医学期刊数据库 (CMCC)收录的有关肺隐球菌病的文献资料 ,统计分析并总结 6 7例肺隐球菌病患者的临床资料。结果　肺隐球菌病好发于青中年男性 ,其临床表现及影像学表现呈多样性和无特异性 ,易并发隐球菌性脑膜炎 (31 34% ) ,临床上极易误诊 ;确诊主要依靠各种临床标本的涂片、培养和病理学检查 ;治疗手段主要包括手术切除和抗真菌药物的治疗。结论　临床上提高对该病的认识是提高确诊率的关键。强调抗真菌药物的治疗作用 ,尤其是术前术后应用 ,可减少术后隐球菌的播散导致隐球菌性脑膜炎。     

原发性肺隐球菌病12例分析

目的：探讨肺隐球菌病的临床特征、诊断和治疗，以提高对本病的认识。方法：对1989年1月—2001年12月本所确诊的12例原发性肺隐球菌病进行回顾性研究，分析其临床特点。结果：肺部隐球菌病以中青年(8例，66．7％)和男性(9例，75．0％)多见。症状轻微，主要表现为咳嗽(7例，58．3％)，咳痰(6例，50．0％)，胸痛(4例，33．3％)，发热(3例，25．0％)，气促(2例，16．7％)和消瘦(2例，16．7％)，5例(41．7％)无症状。病变分布呈下肺(8例，66．7％)多于上肺(4例，33．3％)，右肺(6例，50．0％)多于左肺(3例，25．0％，余3例双侧)的特点。病变表现多为孤立性肿块影，共6例(50．0％)。全部病例均经病理确诊。手术切除病灶或足疗程氟康唑治疗可取得理想的效果。绪论：原发性肺隐球菌病多发于无基础肺疾患的中青年，以肺部阴影为主要表现，易被漏诊、误诊，足疗程氟康唑可取得很好疗效。     

Donor‐Derived Fungal Infections in Organ Transplant Recipients: Guidelines of the American Society of Transplantation,Infectious Diseases Community of Practice†

Donor‐derived fungal infections can be associated with serious complications in transplant recipients. Most cases of donor‐derived candidiasis have occurred in kidney transplant recipients in whom contaminated preservation fluid is a commonly proposed source. Donors with cryptococcal disease, including those with unrecognized cryptococcal meningoencephalitis may transmit the infection with the allograft. Active histoplasmosis or undiagnosed and presumably asymptomatic infection in the donor that had not resolved by the time of death can result in donor‐derived histoplasmosis in the recipient. Potential donors from an endemic area with either active or occult infection can also transmit coccidioidomycosis. Rare instances of aspergillosis and other mycoses, including agents of mucormycosis may also be transmitted from infected donors. Appropriate diagnostic evaluation and prompt initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy are warranted if donor‐derived fungal infections are a consideration. This document discusses the characteristics, evaluation and approach to the management of donor‐derived fungal infections in organ transplant recipients.     

Multiple osseous involvements in a case of disseminated cryptococcosis

Osseous involvement occurs in 5–10% of patients with disseminated cryptococcosis. We are reporting an unusual case of disseminated cryptococcosis involving the sternum and lumbar vertebra with the formation of psoas abscess with pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient presented with fever for 3 months. A diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was made on thoracic contrast-enhanced computerized tomography and she was put on antituberculosis treatment. She was immunocompetent with negative human immunodeficiency virus. She conceived subsequently and had complaints of backache and swelling over the sternum. Magnetic resonance imaging showed destruction of L5 vertebra with psoas abscess. Vertebral cryptococcosis may mimic tuberculosis and malignancy. She had a bad obstetric history and experienced five, first-trimester spontaneous abortions in each successive year since 2001. This pregnancy again resulted in spontaneous abortion. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from two different sites: pus-involving the sternum and ultrasound-guided psoas abscess aspirate. Serum latex agglutination test for cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen was positive. The diagnosis of cryptococcosis was delayed because the patient was diagnosed as a case of pulmonary tuberculosis, wherein clinical signs, symptoms and radiological findings in both the conditions are similar. Amphotericin B was started but she developed varicella infection and expired due to cardiac failure.     

肺隐球菌病CT表现与临床病理特征分析

目的:分析肺隐球菌病(PC)肺部CT表现及临床、病理特征,提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾分析9例经病理或细菌学证实的PC肺部CT表现,其中肺部有基础疾病者2例。结果:CT表现为孤立病变4例,单叶多发病变2例,双侧病变3例,病变多位于肺外围。CT有3种影像表现:①结节或肿块;②单发或多发斑片影;③斑片影与结节或肿块影混合。9例中出现空洞6例,伴肺段实变1例,伴少量胸水2例,纵隔淋巴结肿大1例。结论:PC肺部CT表现形态多样,病灶多发,具有一定的特征性。病灶形态与病程及免疫力有关,确诊尚依赖病原学及病理检查。