俄罗斯学术期刊的发展现状与思考

【目的】 分析俄罗斯学术期刊的发展状况,归纳中俄学术期刊交流合作中存在的障碍,提出进一步推动两国学术期刊合作的措施和建议,为我国期刊界和相关管理部门提供借鉴。【方法】 采用文献调研法与网络调查法,从出版情况、传播体系、作者群体、相关法律、国际化进程等方面对俄罗斯学术期刊的发展状况进行调查,在此基础上分析中俄学术期刊交流合作存在的障碍。【结果】 中俄学术期刊交流存在着政策障碍、语言障碍、获取性障碍、写作障碍和投稿障碍。【结论】 两国相关部门有必要组织制定学术共同体统一评价体系,打造品牌化学术期刊交流平台。我国期刊应组建专业化编委团队,探索多元化交流方式。     

Selecting patients for early interdisciplinary rehabilitation during neurointensive care after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury

Background

Early interdisciplinary rehabilitation (EIR) in neurointensive care is a limited resource reserved for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) believed to profit from treatment. We evaluated how key parameters related to injury severity and patient characteristics were predictive of receiving EIR, and whether these parameters changed over time.

Methods

Among 1003 adult patients with moderate to severe TBI admitted over 72 h to neurointensive care unit during four time periods between 2005 and 2020, EIR was given to 578 and standard care to 425 patients. Ten selection criteria thought to best represent injury severity and patient benefit were evaluated (Glasgow Coma Scale, Head Abbreviated Injury Scale, New-Injury-Severity-Scale, intracranial pressure monitoring, neurosurgery, age, employment, Charlson Comorbidity Index, severe psychiatric disease, and chronic substance abuse).

Results

In multivariate regression analysis, patients who were employed (adjOR 1.99 [95% CI 1.41, 2.80]), had no/mild comorbidity (adjOR 3.15 [95% CI 1.72, 5.79]), needed neurosurgery, had increasing injury severity and were admitted by increasing time period were more likely to receive EIR, whereas receiving EIR was less likely with increasing age (adjOR 0.97 [95% CI 0.96, 0.98]) and chronic substance abuse. Overall predictive ability of the model was 71%. Median age and comorbidity increased while employment decreased from 2005 to 2020, indicating patient selection became less restrictive with time.

Conclusion

Injury severity and need for neurosurgery remain important predictors for receiving EIR, but the importance of age, employment, and comorbidity have changed over time. Moderate prediction accuracy using current clinical criteria suggest unrecognized factors are important for patient selection.     

地中海贫血孕妇产前诊断的护理效果评价

目的研究地中海贫血孕妇实施产科综合护理模式的护理配合措施及效果。方法选择78例于我院检查地中海贫血孕妇,纳入时间为2017年5月-2018年5月,采用随机数字表法将其分为综合护理组与对照组,每组均39例。其中对照组采用常规护理形式,综合护理组行产科综合护理模式,对比综合护理组与对照组护理前后心理状态评估指标及家属的护理满意度。结果护理前综合护理组与对照组患者心理状态评估指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与对照组(76.92%)相比,护理后综合护理组焦虑指标、抑郁指标更低,综合护理组孕妇及家属的护理满意度(94.87%)较高(P<0.05)。结论通过综合护理模式可提升地中海贫血孕妇护理满意度,并改善其心理状态。     

社区心房颤动患者筛查及多学科协作的综合管理模式研究

随着人口老龄化的日趋严重，心房颤动（AF）已经成为我国乃至世界面临的重大公共健康问题。AF是引起脑卒中、心血管疾病、栓塞等疾病的重要危险因素，严重影响患者的健康水平和生活质量。国外研究表明，由多学科协作、以护士为主导、以患者为中心的综合管理模式，有助于降低AF患者的再入院率、心血管事件发生率及全因死亡率，提高患者满意度和生活质量。目前，我国AF管理存在诸多问题，尚未形成规范的综合管理模式。本文基于国内外AF管理指南和相关文献，梳理了AF综合管理模式的流程（包括筛查、综合评估、制定管理策略、健康教育、定期随访、转诊）及各流程的具体内容，初步制定出适合我国社区的AF筛查流程和综合管理过程，可以为构建社区AF规范化管理体系提供参考与依据。     

Developing collaborative approaches to international research: Perspectives of new global health researchers

Within a global context of growing health inequities, the fostering of partnerships and collaborative research have been promoted as playing a critical role in tackling health inequities and health system problems worldwide. Since 2004, the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research (CCGHR) has facilitated annual Summer Institutes for new global health researchers aimed at strengthening global health research competencies and partnerships among participants. We sought to explore CCGHR Summer Institute alumni perspectives on the Summer Institute experience, particularly on the individual research pairings of Canadian and low- and middle-income countries researchers that have characterised the program. The results reveal that the Summer Institute offered an enriching learning opportunity for participants and worked to further their collaborative projects through providing dedicated one-on-one time with their international research partner, feedback from colleagues from around the world and mentorship by more senior researchers. Positive individual relationships among researchers, as well as the existence of institutional collaborations, employer and funding support, and agendas of local and national politicians were factors that have influenced the ongoing collaboration of partners. There is a need to more fully examine the interplay between individual and institutional-level collaborations, as well as their social and political contexts.     

多学科协作模式康复护理对脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者吞咽功能及吸入性肺炎发生的影响

目的探讨多学科协作模式康复护理对脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者吞咽功能及吸入性肺炎发生的影响。方法选择2018年3月-2020年3月我科收治的脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者86例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组43例。对照组采取常规专科护理。观察组采取多学科协作模式康复护理,持续干预12周。比较两组护理前后心理状态、神经功能、吞咽功能及吸入性肺炎发生率。结果两组护理前焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组护理后SAS、SDS、NIHSS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组吞咽功能恢复优良率为90.70%,高于对照组的74.42%,吸入性肺炎发生率为4.65%,低于对照组的20.93%(P<0.05)。结论多学科协作模式康复护理能够改善脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者心理状态,促进神经及吞咽功能恢复,预防吸入性肺炎的发生。     

An interdisciplinary approach to investigate collective cell migration in neural crest

The neural crest serves as a powerful and tractable model paradigm for understanding collective cell migration. The neural crest cell populations are well-known for their long-distance collective migration and contribution to diverse cell lineages during vertebrate development. If neural crest cells fail to reach a target or populate an incorrect location, then improper cell differentiation or uncontrolled cell proliferation can result. A wide range of interdisciplinary studies has been carried out to understand the response of neural crest cells to different stimuli and their ability to migrate to distant targets. In this critical commentary, we illustrate how an interdisciplinary collaboration involving experimental and mathematical modeling has led to a deeper understanding of cranial neural crest cell migration. We identify open questions and propose possible ways to start answering some of the challenges arising.     

产学研合作模式下长三角生物医药产业一体化协同创新发展研究——基于专利合作及基金项目合作

长三角一体化上升并发展为国家战略后，国内鲜有探讨长三角地区生物医药产业一体化协同发展的研究，长三角作为我国生物医药产业的重要地区，已初步形成产业集群的发展模式。本研究基于专利及基金项目合作的产学研模式，利用社会网络分析方法（SNA）对长三角地区生物医药产业中专利和国家自然科学基金重大项目合作进行分析研究。研究表明，长三角地区生物医药领域的产学研合作还处于发展阶段，一体化程度也有待提高；高校及科研院所更倾向于与企业合作开展发明专利，与高校合作开展基金项目研究。长三角地区三省一市间的生物医药产业发展也存在一定差距，建议长三角地区采取产学研深度融合模式，相关龙头科研机构建立开放式创新平台，医药类高校借助学科优势培养创新型人才，采取“揭榜挂帅”等方式进行关键核心技术攻关。