The gap between legal rules and practice in advertising non-registered pharmaceutical products : A new method of analysis

The market of non-registered pharmaceutical products is growing fast in number and overall costs, not only in the Netherlands, but also in other European countries. These products often give the impression that the consumer may expect 'an effect as from a drug'. Legally, there is a clear distinction between 'drugs' and 'commodities' in the Netherlands; the question is whether legislation and practice concur. In an investigation we analysed texts of advertisements for non-registered pharmaceutical products published in a popular magazine. A method was developed, based on the legal definition of a drug and jurisprudence, to determine in a qualitative and quantitative way the application of medicinal claims. It transpired that in 65% of the analysed advertisements explicit or implicit claims were made. These products should therefore be subject to drugs legislation. Thus, in the Netherlands there is a gap between legislation and practice in advertising non-registered pharmaceutical products.     

广东省21个地级市医师人力供需分析与趋势预测

目的 分析广东省21个地市的医师人力供需情况,并预测2022年的供需变化趋势。方法 基于卫生服务需求法与Holt指数平滑法,拟合广东省各个地市2009—2019年的住院与门诊服务数据,对2022年医师供需变化进行预测。结果 预测2022年广东省医师需求为322 290人,执业（助理）医师配置总数为331 806人,全省医师供给状况较充足。2019年供需比最高的3个地市分别是珠海市（1.33）、汕头市（1.31）、汕尾市（1.31）;医师供需比最低的3个地市分别是茂名市（0.55）、中山市（0.76）、江门市（0.76）。预测到2022年,医师供需比最高的3个地市分别是汕尾市（1.64）、珠海市（1.34）、深圳市（1.28）;医师供需比最低的3个地市分别是茂名市（0.58）、江门市（0.79）、云浮市（0.90）。结论 2022年广东省医师供需情况良好,医师配置数将超过医师需求数,大部分地市的医师供需情况得到改善。     

医疗器械供应链弹性管理的实践探讨

通过建立健全医院层面应急管理体系,建立医疗器械供应链预警机制,进行医院内外部动态管理,以信息化提高供应链可视性,可实现医疗器械供应链弹性管理。该管理模式能够有效确保供应链稳定性和可恢复性,进而提升医院应急防控能力,最终保障患者和医务人员安全。     

陕西省血液调配机制建立与运行

建立血液调配机制,可缓解医疗资源相对丰富的中心城市临床血液供需矛盾,逐渐实现采供血服务均衡化。建立了陕西省血液调配机制,实现了省域中心城市与周边城市血液资源的均衡化。认为不断优化血液调配机制,加强中心城市与周边城市采供血机构间的沟通合作,是实现省域内血液资源均衡、缓解中心城市季节性供血紧张的有效方法之一。     

我国医疗服务业供需结构问题分析

文章描述了我国的医疗服务业供需状况及服务利用情况 ,从纵向和横向两个方面讨论了供需结构不匹配的问题 :我国医疗卫生资源在各分科、各类型医疗服务主体之间的配置并不均衡。文章还给出了用于衡量不均衡度的指标DED(DisequilibriumDegree,DED) ,并计算得到纵横两向资源配置的不均衡度分别为 32 .92和 7.4 6 8。最后文章提出了如何进行调整的对策思路 ,以求加强卫生资源的合理配置 ,达到在同样的投入下满足更多的医疗服务需求的目的。     

医院药库实施零库存的探讨

目的:探讨医院药库能否实施零库存。方法:分析医院药库实施零库存的优点、条件及模式。结果与结论:在满足一定条件的基础上,医院药库可以实施零库存,这也符合未来的发展趋势。     

When are solar refrigerators less costly than on-grid refrigerators: A simulation modeling study

BackgroundGavi recommends solar refrigerators for vaccine storage in areas with less than eight hours of electricity per day, and WHO guidelines are more conservative. The question remains: Can solar refrigerators provide value where electrical outages are less frequent?MethodsUsing a HERMES-generated computational model of the Mozambique routine immunization supply chain, we simulated the use of solar versus electric mains-powered refrigerators (hereafter referred to as “electric refrigerators”) at different locations in the supply chain under various circumstances.ResultsAt their current price premium, the annual cost of each solar refrigerator is 132% more than each electric refrigerator at the district level and 241% more at health facilities. Solar refrigerators provided savings over electric refrigerators when one-day electrical outages occurred more than five times per year at either the district level or the health facilities, even when the electric refrigerator holdover time exceeded the duration of the outage. Two-day outages occurring more than three times per year at the district level or more than twice per year at the health facilities also caused solar refrigerators to be cost saving. Lowering the annual cost of a solar refrigerator to 75% more than an electric refrigerator allowed solar refrigerators to be cost saving at either level when one-day outages occurred more than once per year, or when two-day outages occurred more than once per year at the district level or even once per year at the health facilities.ConclusionOur study supports WHO and Gavi guidelines. In fact, solar refrigerators may provide savings in total cost per dose administered over electrical refrigerators when electrical outages are less frequent. Our study identified the frequency and duration at which electrical outages need to occur for solar refrigerators to provide savings in total cost per dose administered over electric refrigerators at different solar refrigerator prices.     

Health expenditure data for policy: Health accounts,national accounts or both?

Compatibility of statistical frameworks and comparability of data are aspects of statistical quality. This paper explores comparability of data from National Accounts (NA) and Care Accounts/health accounts (CA&HA) of the Netherlands. Although based on the same sources, differences result from specificities of each framework, making data adjustments necessary. Data comparison of major aggregates and household spending is a means for verification and for triangulation of sources. Monitoring household spending on health is one of the Sustainable Development Goals. The usability of NA data for household consumption estimates is key to judge plausibility of household spending levels. However, definitions, coverage and valuation in NA and CA&HA should be understood to benefit from the use of NA data for HA. More than in the concepts used the strength of NA is the way NA are usually produced compared with HA. Key is the integrated analysis including supply and demand to verify the comprehensiveness and consistency. It is concluded that SUT data of NA on consumption of human health and social care can be used for judging plausibility of HA household spending estimates, and, in the absence of the latter, NA data can directly be used. The case of the Netherlands shows that policy measures can have a large impact on the validity of using NA for the estimation of household spending.     

不锈钢麻花牵引圈的制作及在管腔器械清洗质量检查中的应用

目的 制作不锈钢麻花牵引圈并探讨其在管腔器械清洗质量检查中的应用效果。方法 将制作的不锈钢麻花牵引圈用于管腔器械清洗质量的检查,通过与目测+光源放大镜法、探条纱布法、ATP生物荧光法做比较,评价其在管腔器械清洗质量检查中的效果。结果 A类空腔器械清洗质量检查中,麻花牵引圈法、目测+放大镜法和ATP生物荧光法的清洗质量检查合格率差别有统计学意义（P<0.010）,两两比较,目测+放大镜法合格率最高,与其他2组的检查合格率差异具有统计学意义（P<0.017）,麻花牵引圈法与ATP生物荧光法的检查合格率差异无统计学意义（P>0.017）。B类空腔器械清洗质量检查中,4种清洗质量检查方法合格率差异具有统计学意义（P<0.010）,两两比较,目测+放大镜法合格率最高,与其他3组的检查合格率差异具有统计学意义（P<0.008）。麻花牵引圈法、探条纱布法和ATP生物荧光法的检查合格率差异无统计学意义（P>0.008）。结论 不锈钢麻花牵引圈在管腔器械清洗质量检查中,能发现目测+放大镜法无法检出的不合格器械,其检测效果与探条纱布法、ATP生物荧光法相当,比ATP生物荧光法节省费用,但操作较金属探条法便捷,适用范围更广。     

基于信息共享平台建立追溯系统在供应室管理中的应用价值

目的探讨基于信息共享平台建立追溯系统在供应室管理中的应用价值。方法自2019年6月山东省眼科医院供应室在信息共享平台的支持下建立追溯系统。我院供应室于2019年1—5月(追溯系统建立前)回收眼科显微器械16583件,于2019年6—10月(追溯系统建立后)回收眼科显微器械18371件。比较追溯系统建立前后器械回收、清洗、包装质量及信息记录效率、器械发放情况、科室满意度。结果追溯系统建立后,器械回收合格率为97.52%(17915/18371),清洗合格率为99.68%(18312/18371),包装合格率为99.91%(18355/18371),器械正确发放率为99.98%(18367/18371),高于建立前的96.20%(15953/16583)、99.52%(16504/16583)、99.80%(16550/16583)、99.76%(16544/16583),差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为50.209、5.341、7.797、32.306;P<0.05)。追溯系统建立后,供应中心库存正确率为100.00%(18371/18371),高于建立前的99.25%(16459/16583),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。追溯系统建立后,50包器械回收分类时间及包装时间为(3.93±0.68)、(10.29±1.73)min,短于建立前的(9.58±2.36)、(14.13±3.57)min,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为16.267、6.845;P<0.01)。追溯系统建立后的器械包装过期率为0.67%(123/18371),低于建立前的2.09%(348/16583),差异有统计学意义(χ²=133.885,P<0.01)。追溯系统建立后,科室医护人员的器械发放、器械使用得分及总分分别为(48.41±1.16)、(47.86±2.87)、(96.27±3.94)分,高于建立前的(47.66±1.54)、(45.72±3.69)、(93.38±4.78)分,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为6.738、7.929、8.081;P<0.01)。结论医院供应室在信息共享平台建立追溯系统后能够持续控制供应室内器械质量,进行精细化、信息化管理,提高器械质量与器械运转效率,减少工作差错,值得临床推广。