孕妇配偶的心理压力研究

目的描述孕妇配偶的压力水平 ,找出引起孕妇配偶压力的主要压力源。方法对 167例孕妇配偶用妊娠压力量表测量其压力水平及压力源。结果孕妇配偶的妊娠压力水平总分为 1.5 3 ,引起孕妇配偶压力的最主要的压力源是“为确保母子健康和安全而引发的压力 ( 1.88)”。结论护士的服务对象不应局限于孕妇 ,还应包括其配偶 ,根据孕妇配偶具体的压力源给予有针对性的护理 ,以利于有效地降低其压力水平。使孕妇配偶能顺利地度过角色转变期 ,在妊娠和分娩的应激下保持心身健康 ,更好地完成照顾孕妇和婴儿的任务。     

Social mobility by marriage and risk of cardiovascular disease among adults in Southwestern Poland

Background: The social position of a husband or wife can influence the health status of the individual and his/her partner. Also, social position can change over time as a result of education, job, income, marriage and/or divorce.

Aim: To examine the association of mobility by marriage based on educational discrepancy between spouses and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Polish men and women of 40–50 years of age.

Subjects and methods: The sample included 394 married men and 453 married women of 40–50 years of age. All were residents of Wroc?aw located in southwestern Poland. Risk of CVD was assessed with the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The sex-specific effect of social mobility on CVD risk (FRS) was tested by multiple regression analyses.

Results: Among Polish married men and women, social mobility by marriage had a significant association with risk of CVD. Downwardly mobile men and women had a higher risk of CVD, while upwardly mobile men and women had a lower risk of CVD compared with individuals from homogamous marriages. The sole exception to this trend was poorly educated men among whom marriage with a better educated wife did not affect CVD risk.

Conclusion: Social mobility by marriage influences CVD risk. The results provide additional insights for studies examining socioeconomic differentials in CVD risk.     

癫痫患者和配偶生存质量状况的比较研究

目的调查分析癫痫患者与其配偶的生存质量状况并比较其差异。方法以同质性的145例隐源性癫痫为对照,使用信效度均公认良好的生存质量评定量表,对145例外伤后癫痫患者与其配偶进行调查。结果①WHOQOL-BREF:外伤后癫痫配偶的总体生存质量(t=3.928,P<0.01)、心理(t=5.334,P<0.01)、社会关系(t=9.654,P<0.01)和环境领域(t=4.337,P<0.01)得分均显著性低于患者,患者的总体健康状况(t=5.334,P<0.01)以及生理领域(t=4.876,P<0.01)得分均显著低于配偶。外伤后癫痫患者在总体健康状况(t=3.809,P<0.01)以及生理(t=2.376,P<0.05)、心理(t=2.959,P<0.01)、社会关系(t=5.309,P<0.01)、环境(t=3.745,P<0.01)4个领域得分上均显著性低于隐源性癫痫患者,外伤后癫痫配偶的总体生存质量(t=4.036,P<0.01)、总体健康状况(t=2.807,P<0.01)以及社会关系(t=2.203,P<0.05)和环境(t=3.536,P<0.01)领域得分均显著性低于隐源性癫痫配偶;②QOLIE-31:外伤后癫痫患者在发作担忧(t=3.767,P<0.01)、生活满意度(t=5.051,P<0.01)、情绪(t=3.819,P<0.01)、精力/疲劳(t=3.517,P<0.01)、社会功能(t=4.136,P<0.01)和总体得分(t=2.925,P<0.01)均显著低于隐源性癫痫患者。结论较之隐源性癫痫,外伤后癫痫患者及其配偶的生存质量更低,但表现不同。     

配偶参与式正念认知行为训练对阴道感染患者病情控制及心理状态的影响

目的:探讨配偶参与式正念认知行为训练对阴道感染患者病情控制及心理状态的影响。方法:选取2016年12月1日~2019年3月31日收治的64例阴道感染患者作为研究对象,按照1∶1配对随机分为对照组和观察组各32例;对照组采取常规护理干预,观察组在常规护理干预基础上接受配偶参与式正念认知行为训练;比较两组症状改善情况(采用Nugent评分量表)、正念认知水平[采用正念注意觉知量表(MAAS)]、自我感受负担[采用自我感受负担量表(SPBS)]、自我效能感评分[采用自我效能感量表(GSES)]、应对方式[采用医学应对方式问卷(MCMQ)]、婚姻质量(采用Olson婚姻质量调查问卷)、患者及配偶护理满意度。结果:两组训练后Nugent评分、SPBS评分、MCMQ中屈服和回避维度评分及总分均低于训练前(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.01);两组训练后MAAS评分、GSES评分、MCMQ中面对维度评分、Olson婚姻质量评分、患者及配偶护理满意度均高于训练前(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:配偶参与式正念认知行为训练,能减轻阴道感染患者不适症状,提高正念认知水平,促进患者积极应对疾病,增强自我效能感,降低自我负担,提升婚姻质量,增强患者及家属对护理工作的满意度。     

Impact of cancer patients’ quality of life on that of spouse caregivers

Goals of work This study aimed to examine the correlation between quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients and that of their spouse caregivers and to identify factors that influence this correlation.Patients and methods This cross-sectional study collected data from 121 cancer patient/spouse caregiver dyads. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale-General (FACT-G) was used to measure patients QOL, and the Caregiver Quality of Life Index (CQLI) was used to measure spouse caregivers QOL. Correlation coefficients between patients and caregivers QOL were computed for four dimensions of QOL, as well as a total score for QOL. Correlations between patients and caregivers total QOL scores were furthered analyzed by three groups of factors: disease-/treatment-related, caregiving-related, and relationship-related variables.Main results Only the social/family and functional dimensions of patient QOL and total score for patient QOL were associated with each dimension of their caregivers QOL and with the total score (r=0.27–0.44). Physical and emotional dimensions of patients QOL did not significantly influence spouse caregivers QOL for any dimension nor for the total score. Factors influencing the association between patients and caregivers overall QOL included cancer diagnosis, length of hospitalization, caregiving intensity and duration, marital satisfaction, and caregiving self-esteem.Conclusions Social and functional aspects of patients QOL play a significant role in determining the QOL of their spouse caregivers. The strength of association between patients and spouse caregivers overall QOL can be moderated by some factors.     

农村产妇配偶产前的心理状态调查

目的:了解农村产妇配偶产前的心理状态,为农村妇幼保健工作提供依据。方法:对63名农村产妇配偶用状态-特质焦虑量表进行调查,并用SPSS 11.5统计软件包进行统计分析。结果:农村产妇配偶状态焦虑总分与国内正常成年男性常模比较有极显著性差异(P<0.01);不同年龄、不同文化程度、不同产次的农村产妇配偶的状态焦虑得分比较有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05);是否独生子女、有无分娩知识的农村产妇配偶的状态焦虑得分比较也有显著性差异(P<0.01);而经济收入不同、是否初婚者,其得分比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:农村产妇配偶产前普遍具有不同程度的焦虑情绪,提示临床工作者应重视产妇配偶的心理状态,改善其负性情绪状态,提高其心身健康水平。     

Unmet needs in information flow between breast cancer patients,their spouses,and physicians

This study focused on the needs and sources of disease information of breast cancer patients and their spouses during early disease in two settings: at the department of oncology (AD) and on a rehabilitation course (RC). The aim was to characterize those patients and spouses who are not content with average information. Eighty percent of AD and 31% of RC patients were content with the available information (p<0.001) and 75% of AD spouses and 43% of RC spouses reported similarly (p=0.008). Higher education, younger age, and shorter time (<1 year) since diagnosis indicated a greater need for information among patients, whereas among spouses, only education level was associated with it. More information was needed on prognosis, cancer as a disease, its influence on daily life, and treatment effects. In both groups, the same proportion of patients reported to have felt involved in decision making sufficiently (60%), inadequately (27%), and 19% versus 16% did not want to be actively participating in decision making. The patients were mostly satisfied with participation in decision making, but they expressed unsatisfactory needs on information during early years of breast cancer. Similarly, their spouses were not content with available information.     

经利培酮、氯氮平治疗的精神分裂症患者配偶与父母生活质量对照研究

目的 探讨不同药物治疗对精神分裂症患的配偶与父母的影响。方法 采用生活质量量表（WHOQOL-100）对经利培酮、氯氮平治疗达显效出院后精神分裂症患的配偶与父母生活质量进行评定与分析。结果 利培酮组患、患配偶以及父母的生活质量均好于氯氮平组；两组患配偶的生活质量均低于患父母。结论 患的生活质量是影响家属生活质量的重要因素，患对配偶生活质量的影响远大于父母。     

原生家庭干涉与夫妻离异倾向:婚姻质量的中介及伴侣支持的调节作用

目的:揭示我国文化下原生家庭干涉与夫妻离异倾向的关系,检验婚姻质量的中介及伴侣支持的调节作用。方法:采用原生家庭干涉量表、关系评估量表、婚姻不稳定性量表-简版、亲密关系支持量表对新婚至孩子小学阶段的341对夫妻进行调查。结果:(1)配偶原生家庭干涉对夫妻离异倾向均有显著正向预测作用,自身原生家庭干涉无显著作用;(2)夫妻双方婚姻质量在妻子配偶原生家庭干涉与双方离异倾向间起部分中介作用;(3)妻子伴侣支持在其配偶原生家庭干涉与双方离异倾向间起调节作用,高伴侣支持能完全缓冲妻子配偶原生家庭干涉对夫妻离异倾向的影响。结论:配偶原生家庭干涉对夫妻离异倾向有直接作用,也可通过削弱婚姻质量起作用,伴侣支持在其中起一定的缓冲作用。