应用噬菌体控制假单胞菌的研究进展

假单胞菌属细菌中的部分菌株是动植物和人类的致病菌，也是食品的腐败菌，会导致动植物和人类的高死亡率和严重的食品安全事故。噬菌体作为一种细菌性病毒，特异性高、自我增殖快且无副作用。这些特性使其成为了解决细菌性问题的新思路和新方法。本文就利用噬菌体防控假单胞菌属致病菌和腐败菌在食品、水产、植物、医疗等方面的研究和应用进行综述，以便为后期的深入研究提供一定的参考。     

HLA-DPB1 gene polymorphism and multiple sclerosis: a large case-control study in the southwest of France

The polymorphism at the HLA-DPB1 locus has been characterized in a large number of patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 112) and in healthy controls (n = 115). Both patients and controls lived in the southwest of France (in the Pyrénées Atlantiques) and had similar ethnic background. The typing procedure involved the selective amplification of the second exon of the DPB1 locus by polymerase chain reaction, followed by hybridization of the amplified DNA with 14 sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. Individual alleles were identified by the pattern of hybridization of the different probes. The distribution of the DPB1 alleles was not significantly different in multiple sclerosis patients and controls (p = 0.11). This does not corroborate the reported association of multiple sclerosis with the primed lymphocyte typing (PLT)-defined DPw4 specificity and is not in favour of a role played by polymorphic residues of the DP molecule in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis.     

脾虚痰湿型、气滞痰阻型肥胖女性体脂与β细胞功能变化的关系

目的 了解无糖尿病家族史、糖代谢正常的脾虚痰湿型、气滞痰阻型肥胖女性体脂改变及β细胞功能变化，分析两者之间的关系。方法 60例入选对象按体重指数（BMI）分为非肥胖者和肥胖者，肥胖者按中医辨证分为脾虚痰湿型、气滞痰阻型。采用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)检测体脂，通过静脉葡萄糖耐量试验（IVGTT）评估急性相胰岛素分泌（AIR）、胰岛素曲线下面积（AUCins）、胰岛素曲线下面积/血糖曲线下面积（AUCins/AUCglu）等β细胞功能指标。结果 与非肥胖者比较，脾虚痰湿型、气滞痰阻型肥胖者BMI、腰围（W）、脂肪含量增加，但两种证型肥胖者间BMI、W差异无统计学意义。与脾虚痰湿型肥胖者比较，气滞痰阻型肥胖者躯干、总体脂肪含量、躯干脂肪质量/总质量比增加，AIR、AUCins、AUCins/AUCglu亦明显增加。AIR、AUCins、AUCins/AUCglu与BMI、W、躯干和总体脂肪含量呈良好相关。多元线性回归分析显示躯干脂肪含量是影响AIR的重要因素。结论 气滞痰阻型肥胖者具有更高的体脂（尤其是躯干脂肪）含量和伴胰岛素抵抗的AIR增加，该人群是临床干预的重点对象。     

颈性眩晕的分型治疗及疗效分析

目的 将颈性眩晕分为上、下颈性眩晕，采取不同治疗方法并与常规治疗方法的疗效比较，以寻求更好的治疗方法。方法 将135例颈性眩晕随机分为试验组和对照组，对其治愈率及治疗时间进行统计学分析。结果 试验组的治愈率高于对照组，而试验组的治疗时间短于对照组，均有统计学意义。结论 对颈性眩晕进行分型并采用不同的治疗方法能提高治愈率，缩短治疗时间。     

A study of the value of electrophoretic and other techniques for typing Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

Forty-four isolates of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus collected during hospital outbreaks were studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), plasmid analysis, antibiograms and biochemical tests to determine their degree of similarity. Reproducibility tests were also carried out on the PAGE and biochemical techniques to determine their validity when used to compare bacteria of the same type isolated intermittently. PAGE data was analysed densitometrically and isolates compared using a similarity matrix. All methods were able to subdivide the isolates, but results did not always correlate well between methods. Reproducibility data indicated that careful attention to technique is required when organisms are examined by PAGE sequentially. Results suggest that no single biotyping technique is likely to be adequate and that electrophoretic, biochemical and antibiogram data may complement one another and other epidemiological data in the typing of these organisms.     

A cyclic peptide–polymer probe for the detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A

A Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) ELISA detection system was developed based upon an 11-mer cyclic peptide, termed C11-019, that was identified through peptide phage display technology. The assay employs a sandwich format using the C11-019 cyclic peptide attached to a PEMA (poly(ethylene maleic anhydride)) matrix as the capture phase and anti-BoNT/A polyclonal antibodies as the detection phase. Results reported demonstrate that the C11-019 peptide–polymer can specifically bind to BoNT/A with no cross-reactivity to other serotypes examined in assay buffers and a variety of body fluids and foodstuffs. When a highly sensitive chemiluminescent substrate was engaged, the detection of 1 pg/mL could be readily achieved within 3 h with a linear range of 0.1–1 ng/mL. These results demonstrate that an inexpensive peptide–polymer-based capture ELISA system can be used for rapid, sensitive and highly specific BoNT detection.     

抗地高辛人源小分子抗体的获取

目的 从大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选人源性抗地高辛抗体,并构建双体抗体.方法 以固相化的地高辛对构建的大容量噬菌体抗体库进行筛选,3～4轮后挑取克隆用酶联免疫吸附测定方法鉴定其特异性,对抗地高辛阳性抗体克隆进行DNA指纹分析及测序分析.选取活性好的克隆进行改造,构建双体抗体.结果 在抗体库的筛选过程中可见到明显的富集现象,获得了4株可与地高辛特异性结合的人源抗体,经DNA指纹分析及测序分析证明为不同克隆基因,阳性克隆的可变区基因轻链均属于λ第一亚群,重链分别属于第三和第四亚群.选取4号克隆进行基因改造,构建双体抗体表达载体,获得了活性较好的双体抗体.结论 利用噬菌体抗体技术获得了人源性抗地高辛抗体,并改造成应用前景较好的双体抗体,可能为临床诊断及治疗洋地黄类药物中毒提供具有实用价值的人源抗体.     

PCR-SSP法HLA-A、B基因分型与血清学分型的比较

目的比较聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)进行HLA-Ⅰ类A、B抗原位点分型的准确性,并探讨血清学分型错误发生的原因。方法用PCR-SSP以及单克隆抗体血清学分型技术对HLA-A、B分型并比较。结果34例样本PCR-SSP基因分型无假阳性和假阴性出现。PCR-SSP法与血清学比较,血清学检出错误或漏检率分别为HLA-A位点23.5%,B位点26.5%。血清学发生错误或易混淆的抗原有:A2和A68、A32和A33,B5、B60和61。结论PCR-SSP法进行HLA-A、B抗原等位基因分型具有分辨率高、特异性强、重复性好、实验过程简捷快速、分型结果较血清学更加准确可靠的优点。